In order to maximize system energy efficiency(EE) under user quality of service(Qo S) restraints in Long Term Evolution-Advanced(LTE-A) networks,a constrained joint resource optimization allocation scheme is presented...In order to maximize system energy efficiency(EE) under user quality of service(Qo S) restraints in Long Term Evolution-Advanced(LTE-A) networks,a constrained joint resource optimization allocation scheme is presented,which is NP-hard. Hence,we divide it into three sub-problems to reduce computation complexity,i.e.,the resource block(RB) allocation,the power distribution,and the modulation and coding scheme(MCS) assignment for user codewords. Then an enhanced heuristic approach GAPSO is proposed and is adopted in the RB and power allocation respectively to reduce computational complexity further on. Moreover,a novel MCS allocation scheme is put forward,which could make a good balance between the system reliability and availability under different channel conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed GAPSO could achieve better performance in convergence speed and global optimum searching,and that the joint resource allocation scheme could improve energy efficiency effectively under user Qo S requirements.展开更多
Concrete cylindess wrapped with glass fabrics of various constructions were fabricated. Compressive behaviours of cylinders with and without fabric wrapping were investigated. Comparisons of the compressive characters...Concrete cylindess wrapped with glass fabrics of various constructions were fabricated. Compressive behaviours of cylinders with and without fabric wrapping were investigated. Comparisons of the compressive characters while using different fabrication parameters were made. It was demonstrated that the effect of the fabric reinforcent was obvious. The tensile strength of the filament used in the fabric played an important role as far as the anti-compression behaviour of the reinforced cylinders is concened.展开更多
Background：People experiencing strong feelings of fatigue during exercise sometimes subconsciously yell to refocus their efforts and,thus,maintain exercise performance.The present study examined the influenc of yelli...Background：People experiencing strong feelings of fatigue during exercise sometimes subconsciously yell to refocus their efforts and,thus,maintain exercise performance.The present study examined the influenc of yelling during high-intensity exercise by analysing cardiorespiratory reactions and integrated electromyography（i EMG） changes in the vastus lateralis during a cycle ergometer test.Methods：A total of 23 moderately trained people were recruited.The cycling test began with a resistance of 25 W/min,which was gradually increased.During the experimental trial,the participants were required to yell at least 3 times when they felt exhausted;during the controlled trial,they were not allowed to produce any yelling sounds.The testing order was randomly assigned and the 2 trials were completed within an interval between 3–10 days.Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was applied to analyse the differences within and between the trials,and interaction of trial and time.Results：The peak power and time to exhaustion（p〈0.01） in the yelling trial were higher than those in the control trial.However,the vastus lateralis iE MG values of both trials at peak power were not significant y different.During the yelling period at 90%–100% of the maximal effort,a significan time-by-trialinteraction（p〈0.05）wasobservedinoxygenconsumption（VO2）,CO2 production,O2 pulse,ventilation,andrespiratoryrate. Alltheabove measures showed a significan between-trial difference（p〈0.02）.However,heart rate,respiratory exchange ratio,end-tidal oxygen pressure,and ventilatory equivalent for oxygen showed only significan between-trial difference（p〈0.05）,but without interaction of trial and time.Conclusion：Yelling enhances the peak O2 pulse and VO2 and maintains CO2-exclusion efficien y during high-intensity exercise.It may enable maintaining muscle activation without stronger EMG signals being required during high-intensity exercise.展开更多
Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)are synthesized with chemical method,which are introduced into the traditional organic photovoltaic(OPV)structure.The experimental results show that both the optical and photoelectric prope...Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)are synthesized with chemical method,which are introduced into the traditional organic photovoltaic(OPV)structure.The experimental results show that both the optical and photoelectric properties are en-hanced because of localized surface plasmon(LSP)effects of Ag NPs.The advantage of adding Ag NPs behind active layer in incident direction is discussed.We believe this route can avoid absorption shadow and enhance the reusing of transmitted light of active layer.The average short-circuit current(J SC)of the optimum device can be raised from 9.23mA/cm2 to 10.84mA/cm2,and the energy converting efficiency(PCE)can be raised from 3.22% to 3.85%.展开更多
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61372070)Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (2015JM6324)+2 种基金Ningbo Natural Science Foundation (2015A610117)Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (2015DFT10160)the 111 Project (B08038)
文摘In order to maximize system energy efficiency(EE) under user quality of service(Qo S) restraints in Long Term Evolution-Advanced(LTE-A) networks,a constrained joint resource optimization allocation scheme is presented,which is NP-hard. Hence,we divide it into three sub-problems to reduce computation complexity,i.e.,the resource block(RB) allocation,the power distribution,and the modulation and coding scheme(MCS) assignment for user codewords. Then an enhanced heuristic approach GAPSO is proposed and is adopted in the RB and power allocation respectively to reduce computational complexity further on. Moreover,a novel MCS allocation scheme is put forward,which could make a good balance between the system reliability and availability under different channel conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed GAPSO could achieve better performance in convergence speed and global optimum searching,and that the joint resource allocation scheme could improve energy efficiency effectively under user Qo S requirements.
基金This project is financed by the key laboratory of Advanced Composite Materials of Ministry of Education in Tianjin Polytechnicuniversity
文摘Concrete cylindess wrapped with glass fabrics of various constructions were fabricated. Compressive behaviours of cylinders with and without fabric wrapping were investigated. Comparisons of the compressive characters while using different fabrication parameters were made. It was demonstrated that the effect of the fabric reinforcent was obvious. The tensile strength of the filament used in the fabric played an important role as far as the anti-compression behaviour of the reinforced cylinders is concened.
基金supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientifi Research (ISU99-04-03) from I-Shou University,Kaohsiung,Taiwan,China
文摘Background：People experiencing strong feelings of fatigue during exercise sometimes subconsciously yell to refocus their efforts and,thus,maintain exercise performance.The present study examined the influenc of yelling during high-intensity exercise by analysing cardiorespiratory reactions and integrated electromyography（i EMG） changes in the vastus lateralis during a cycle ergometer test.Methods：A total of 23 moderately trained people were recruited.The cycling test began with a resistance of 25 W/min,which was gradually increased.During the experimental trial,the participants were required to yell at least 3 times when they felt exhausted;during the controlled trial,they were not allowed to produce any yelling sounds.The testing order was randomly assigned and the 2 trials were completed within an interval between 3–10 days.Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was applied to analyse the differences within and between the trials,and interaction of trial and time.Results：The peak power and time to exhaustion（p〈0.01） in the yelling trial were higher than those in the control trial.However,the vastus lateralis iE MG values of both trials at peak power were not significant y different.During the yelling period at 90%–100% of the maximal effort,a significan time-by-trialinteraction（p〈0.05）wasobservedinoxygenconsumption（VO2）,CO2 production,O2 pulse,ventilation,andrespiratoryrate. Alltheabove measures showed a significan between-trial difference（p〈0.02）.However,heart rate,respiratory exchange ratio,end-tidal oxygen pressure,and ventilatory equivalent for oxygen showed only significan between-trial difference（p〈0.05）,but without interaction of trial and time.Conclusion：Yelling enhances the peak O2 pulse and VO2 and maintains CO2-exclusion efficien y during high-intensity exercise.It may enable maintaining muscle activation without stronger EMG signals being required during high-intensity exercise.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.60876046and60976048)the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(Nos.10ZCKFGX01900,10SYSYJC28100and12JCQNJC01300)+1 种基金the Scientific Developing Foundation of Tianjin Education Commission(No.20100723)the Tianjin Key Discipline of Material Physics and Chemistry
文摘Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)are synthesized with chemical method,which are introduced into the traditional organic photovoltaic(OPV)structure.The experimental results show that both the optical and photoelectric properties are en-hanced because of localized surface plasmon(LSP)effects of Ag NPs.The advantage of adding Ag NPs behind active layer in incident direction is discussed.We believe this route can avoid absorption shadow and enhance the reusing of transmitted light of active layer.The average short-circuit current(J SC)of the optimum device can be raised from 9.23mA/cm2 to 10.84mA/cm2,and the energy converting efficiency(PCE)can be raised from 3.22% to 3.85%.
