增水处理对旋覆花生长特性的影响

以旋覆花为试材,采用人工增水处理方法,分析了旋覆花生长特征对增水处理的响应。结果表明:增水处理显著增加旋覆花株高、生物量累积、花朵数目,但减小了旋覆花花朵大小;同时增水处理显著影响旋覆花开花时间;旋覆花花朵数目与生物量存在显著关系。

荒漠草地土壤^(15)N同位素对水分变化的响应

影响δ15N格局的因素主要有气候、时间、地形和土地利用等,而水分是干旱区植被分布的主要限制因子,对调节荒漠草地稳定性N同位素具有重要作用。利用15N标记法,通过不同的增水处理,研究了古尔班通古特沙漠南缘氮素标记样地和未标记样地土壤N同位素对水分变化的响应,得出以下结论:(1)增水处理增加了对土壤水分的补给,随着增水量的增加土壤水分含量不断增加;(2)研究区土壤δ15N值变化范围为12.19‰~13.33‰,增水处理对未标记样地土壤δ15N值并没有显著的影响;(3)添加氮素后,样地土壤δ15N值明显升高。随着增水量的增加,土壤总δ15N呈现出典型的倒"U"型曲线,不同土层深度的土壤δ15N值也发生了显著的变化;(4)标记样地50-100 cm土层土壤δ15N值要明显高于非标记样地,表明标记样地土壤中添加的稳定性15N同位素仍在向更深的土层移动。

建筑物表面起霜的原因及防治措施

建筑物表面起霜的内、外部原因是：在混凝土施工过程中随着混凝土干燥等过程Ca（OH）2、CO、CaSO4所发生化学反应而造成的，提出了防止起霜的措施，降低建材内部可溶性盐的含量，增强基材的抗渗性，增强基层表面的增水处理。处理白霜的方法：用水直接冲洗、摩擦喷砂法、酸洗法。

建筑物表面起霜的原因及防治措施

论述了建筑物表面起霜的内、外部原因是在混凝土施工过程牛随着混凝土干燥等过程CH（OH）2、CO2、CaCO3所发生化学反应而造成的。

Synthesis of ZnO whiskers via hydrothermal decomposition route

ZnO whiskers with a length of 30-40μm and a diameter of about 1μm were synthesized by co-precipitation of ZnSO 4 and Na2CO3 solution at room temperature followed by hydrothermal treatment of the as-prepared Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 precursor at 160 ℃for 6 h.The increase of the initial solution pH promotes the hydrothermal conversion of the particulate Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 to ZnO whiskers.The presence of minor amount of EDTA in the hydrothermal solution promotes the one dimensional growth of ZnO whiskers,leading to the formation of ZnO whiskers with a length of 50-60μm and a diameter of 1-2μm.

Extraction of Cadmium from Sewage Sludge Using Polyepoxysuccinic Acid

Polyepoxysuccinic acid （PESA）, as an environmental benign biodegradable chelant, was used to remove heavy metals from the sewage sludge of Shanghai Taopu Wastewater Treatment Plant. The extraction of cadmium （Cd） from sewage sludge using aqueous solution of PESA was studied. It was found that PESA was capable of extracting Cd from the sludge, and the extraction efficiency was dependent on both pH and the concentration of the chelating reagent. The extraction efficiency decreased gradually with increasing of pH, whereas the dependency on pH decreased as the concentration of PESA increased. In the case of the high PESA to total metal ratio, e.g., 10：1, the extraction efficiency reached above 70% within the pH range from 1 to 7. The highest extraction efficiency obtained in tbe experiment was 78%. By comparing the contents of the heavy metals in sewage sludge before and after the extraction, it was found that the extracted Cd came mainly from the four fractions： acid-soluble, reducible, oxidizable, and water-soluble fractions.

Treatment of O-nitro-phenol Wastewater with Magnetization-Enhanced Oxidation by NaCIO Solution

O-nitro-phenol wastewater which contains refractory organic matters can not be degraded by conventional biological methods. In this work, o-nitro-phenol wastewater was effectively treated using magnetization-enhanced oxidation by NaCIO solutions. The pollutant concentrations in wastewater were 250 mg/L o-nitro-phenol, 2,000 mg/L CODcr and 150 times color. The experimental results show that, using the method in this work, 94.4% o-nitro-phenol, 94.2% CODCr and 100% color can be removed at pH 6, 200 mg charcoal, 8 mL oxidizer, 5 min reaction time in 1000 mL wastewater. The treatment can be enhanced under magnetic field. CODCr and o-nitro-phenol removal can keep unchanged while the reaction time can be reduced to 3 min when the intensity of magnetic field was 60 mT.

Alkaloid Accumulation in Catharanthus roseus Increases with Addition of Seawater Salts to the Nutrient Solution

A sand culture experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different seawater (5% and 10%) treatments on plant growth,inorganic ions,indole alkaloid concentrations and yields of Catharanthus roseus,in an effort to increase the alkaloid yield by artificial cultivation.The total fresh and dry weights and tissue K + concentrations decreased,but Na + concentrations increased in the plant roots,stems and leaves of C.roseus under seawater stress as compared to the control.The concentrations and yields of vindoline,catharanthine,vinblastine and vincristine increased under seawater stress.The concentrations and yields of these alkaloids were higher in 5% seawater-treated plants than those in the 10% seawater-treated plants.Considering the industrial production,5% seawater treatments could reduce the cost of producing alkaloid.In the control plants,the highest alkaloid concentrations reached a peak at 100 days after planting,suggesting that plant harvest must be optimized in terms of growth duration.

Chromium Extraction from Sewage Sludge Using Polyepoxysuccinic Acid

An environmentally benign biodegradable chelant,polyepoxysuccinic acid(PESA),was used to separate heavy metals from sewage sludge from the Shanghai Taopu Wastewater Treatment Plant,China,based on chemical extraction technology.The extraction of chromium(Cr) from sewage sludge with an aqueous solution of PESA was studied under various conditions.It was found that the extraction of Cr using PESA was more efficient than that using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA) and S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid(EDDS) under similar conditions.PESA was capable of extracting Cr from the sewage sludge,and the extraction efficiency was obviously dependent on both the pH and the concentration of the chelating reagent.The extraction efficiency decreased gradually with increasing pH,and the dependence on pH decreased as the concentration of PESA increased.The extraction efficiency reached 58% under conditions of pH = 4 and a ratio of PESA to total heavy metals of 10:1.The extraction efficiency was maintained above 40% within the pH range from 1 to 7 at the high ratio of PESA to total heavy metals of 10:1.Comparing the contents of heavy metals in the sewage sludge before and after the extraction,it was found that the extracted Cr came mainly from the reducible and oxidizable fractions.