过氧化物小体增生剂及其作用机理

已有研究表明,过氧化物小体增生剂(per-oxisome proliferator,PP)包括降脂类药、邻苯甲酸酯类增塑剂、有机溶剂、杀草剂、激素与某些食物因素等.均可致过氧化物小体增生。PP毒作用的机理以及 PP 与肝癌发生关系的研究是近十几年毒理学研究热点,然而有众多争议。现就有关 PP 的研究进展概述如下。

冠状动脉成形术后再狭窄的抗增生剂应用

冠状动脉成形术后再狭窄的抗增生剂应用上海第二医科大学仁济医院心内科（２００００１）戴秋艳郑道声张世华冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）使血管壁受损，经历机械、炎症及免疫等一系列反应过程，形成再狭窄。其中很重要的现象便是血管中层平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）增生、迁移...

过氧化脂质体增生剂激活受体γ与腹膜透析相关性腹膜纤维化

终末期肾衰竭每年以5％～6％速度增加，目前我国依靠透析生存的患者已逾10万。腹膜透析是利用患者腹膜作为半透膜清除毒素和水分，为这类患者提供了有效治疗手段，与血液透析相比，具有费用低、操作易掌握、设备简单、对血流动力学影响较小、较好地保护残余肾功能等优势，因而越来越多的患者选择腹膜透析。但因腹膜透析液的生物不相容性和腹膜透析相关的腹膜炎的发生，

抗骨质增生巴布剂镇痛抗炎作用研究

目的:研究抗骨质增生巴布剂的镇痛、抗炎作用。方法:采用热板法、腹腔注射乙酸法造成小鼠疼痛模型;用二甲苯造成小鼠急性炎症模型,角叉菜胶、皮下包埋棉球法分别造成大鼠急、慢性炎症模型。将实验动物随机分为5组:空白对照组(等剂量的赋形剂),阳性对照南星镇痛膏组,高、中、低剂量抗骨质增生巴布剂组,分别给予相应药物,以考察抗骨质增生巴布剂的镇痛、抗炎效果。结果:抗骨质增生巴布剂能提高小鼠疼痛阈,延长疼痛潜伏期,降低扭体次数;显著降低小鼠毛细血管通透性,减少炎性介质的渗出;明显抑制由二甲苯引起的小鼠耳廓肿胀及角叉菜胶所致的大鼠炎症反应,降低白细胞数目;对大鼠肉芽组织增生有显著的抑制作用。结论:抗骨质增生巴布剂具有良好的镇痛、抗炎作用。

高效液相色谱法测定抗乳腺小叶增生合剂中阿魏酸的含量

目的：建立抗乳腺小叶增生合剂中阿魏酸的含量测定方法。方法：采用日本岛津Shim-packVP-ODS柱（250mm×4．6mm，5μm），以乙腈-水（25：75）为流动相．检测波长为320nm。结果：在14．8～248μg·L^-1范围内呈线性关系。平均回收率为100．11%，高、中、低3个浓度的RSD值均小于1％（n=6）。结论：本方法简单、准确、可用于抗乳腺小叶增生合剂中阿魏酸的快速定量分析。

单用α肾上腺受体阻滞剂与联合5α-还原酶抑制剂治疗良性前列腺增生疗效的Meta分析

目的:比较单用α肾上腺受体阻滞剂与α肾上腺受体阻滞剂联合5α-还原酶抑制剂治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的疗效。方法:检索中/英文公开发表的随机对照试验(RCT)。计算机检索Pub Med、EMbase、the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)、CNKI、CBM、VIP、万方数据库。检索时间为建库至2015年6月30日。同时,手检纳入文献的参考文献。按纳入排除标准进行RCT的筛选、资料提取和质量评价后,采用Rev Man 5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入4个研究,403例患者。Meta分析结果显示:有效性方面,两组在降低IPSS评分[SMD=0.89,95%CI(-0.66,2.45)P=0.26]、提高最大尿流率[SMD=-3.67,95%CI(-8.88,1.54)P=0.17]、减少残余尿量[SMD=0.62,95%CI(-0.97,2.22)P=0.17]上无明显统计学差异;与单用药物相比,联合用药在减少前列腺体积上[SMD=6.94,95%CI(2.06,11.81)P=0.005]效果更好,两组在出现不良反应(头晕[SMD=0.57,95%CI(0.16,1.98)P=0.38]、性功能减退[SMD=0.57,95%CI(0.16,1.98)P=0.38])上无明显统计学差异。结论:单用α肾上腺受体阻滞剂与α肾上腺受体阻滞剂联合5α-还原酶抑制剂相比,两者疗效相似,对于前列腺体积不大的患者,单用α肾上腺受体阻滞剂即可达到很好的疗效,避免了不必要的经济负担;对于前列腺体积较大的患者,则推荐联合用药。对于前列腺具体多大的体积才是单用α肾上腺受体阻滞剂与联合5α-还原酶抑制剂治疗的分界阈值,则需要更多高质量、大样本的RCT进一步论证。

复方骨质增生巴布剂的制备及质量控制

目的:制备复方骨质增生巴布剂并对其质量控制指标进行了研究。方法:以水溶性高分子材料为基质制备复方骨质增生巴布剂,采用高效液相色谱法测定制剂中盐酸利多卡因的含量。按《中华人民共和国药典》中的方法进行了体外释放度的测定,利用改良Franz扩散池研究了巴布剂的透皮吸收行为,并考察了其含膏量、赋形性和黏附性。结果:制备的复方骨质增生巴布剂中盐酸利多卡因的含量稳定,体外释药符合零级动力学方程,释放速率为3.996 mg.cm-2.h-1。其透皮吸收为零级动力学过程,渗透速率为0.073 mg.cm-2.h-1,含膏量、赋形性、黏附性等指标均符合《中华人民共和国药典》标准。结论:复方骨质增生巴布剂为皮肤控释型透皮给药系统。

过氧物酶体增生激活受体配体及其生物学意义

PPARs是由不同基因编码的核受体,包括3种亚型PPARα、PPARδ和PPARγ,PPARs可与过氧化物酶体增长因子反应元件(PPREs)的特异敏感DNA序列结合,而呈现不同的表达。其中PPARα调节营养物质的代谢,包括调节脂肪酸氧化,糖异生,氨基酸代谢等;PPARδ表达能有效地控制血脂和心血管疾病;PPARγ在脂肪组织中表达,刺激脂肪生成。因此,PPAR成为设计合成糖尿病等不同类型人类代谢紊乱治疗药物的有效靶点。

罗格列酮对慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠模型肺组织氧化应激的影响

目的探讨罗格列酮对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)大鼠肺组织氧化应激的影响。方法将健康SD大鼠24只随机分为3组。被动吸烟和气管内滴入脂多糖(LPS)复制COPD大鼠模型,模型组不进行治疗,罗格列酮组灌胃罗格列酮,对照组为正常大鼠。结果制备肺组织匀浆,用试剂盒测定肺组织匀浆丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和一氧化氮(NO)含量。罗格列酮组大鼠肺组织中MDA含量较模型组明显降低,治疗组大鼠肺组织中SOD、NO含量较模型组明显增加。结论过氧化物酶体增生剂激活的受体(PPARγ)激动剂罗格列酮可明显减轻COPD大鼠肺组织的氧化应激反应,并提高其抗氧化能力。

人纤溶酶原K5基因的结构改造及其在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化与鉴定

目的改造人纤溶酶原Kringle 5(K5)基因,构建RGDRGD-liteK5融合表达质粒,并表达纯化所得RGDRGD-liteK5蛋白。方法以人纤溶酶原K5 cDNA为模板,通过PCR得到RGDRGD-liteK5基因片段,并克隆到质粒pGEX1-λT中,构建重组原核融合表达载体pGEX-RGDRGD-liteK5;在IPTG诱导下,观察融合蛋白在大肠杆菌Rosetta中的表达情况;利用亲合层析柱纯化表达产物,用Western blot分析鉴定表达产物。结果PCR扩增得到274 bp的片段,并成功插入pGEX1-λT质粒;含重组质粒的大肠杆菌在IPTG诱导下表达了特异性的融合蛋白,其分子量为36 kD;获得的融合蛋白经凝血酶酶切后,得到了分子量约为10 kD的RGDRGD-liteK5蛋白;Western blot证实了表达产物的正确性。结论成功地改造了人纤溶酶原K5基因,构建了重组融合表达质粒pGEX-RGDRGD-liteK5,并纯化了其表达产物。

Isolation,Screening and Identification of High-temperature Cellulolytic Microbes in Pig Manure

[Objective] The research aimed to lay the foundation for high-efficiency biological degradation microbial inoculums. [Method] under the 60℃ temperature the cellulolytic microbes in pig manure were isolated and determined the CMCase and Fpase,then proceeded the 16S rRNA gene analysis. [Result]The results showed that:BC1 and BC3 strains characterized higher carboxymethyl cellulose enzyme activity and higher filter paper activity,but their difference was small,then the 16S rDNA sequence of BC1 and BC3 strains were related to pseudomonas sp. (98% and 99% similarities,respectively).[Conclusion] the experiment laid foundation for high-efficiency biological heating agent.

Effect of Trace Elements in Seed Coating Agent on Peanut Growth

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of trace elements in peanut seed coating agent. [Method] Different concentrations of trace elements Fe and B were added into peanut coating agent, then the germination rate and plant height of the seeds treated by different agents were measured to decide the best formula. [Result] The germination rate and plant height of the seeds treated with seed coating agent was obviously increased. Adding trace elements Fe and B could increase the peanut yield, and 1.5% Fe and 1% B gave the best result. [Conclusion] This study will provide reference for modifying the seed coating agent formula.

Derivatives of 3（5）,4-Dinitropyrazole as Potential Energetic Plasticisers

The development of a pseudo-one pot synthesis of 3（5）,4-dinitropyrazole enabled us to use it as a starting material for energetic plasticisers. Its acidic proton allowed simple derivatisation on one of the ring nitrogens. The thermal characteristics of two derivatives were evaluated. For instance, the N-allyl compound was a liquid with very low glass transition temperature, whereas the N-propargyl compound was a sticky solid at ambient temperature. The two compounds were both thermally stable according to STANAG 4582.

Biomarkers for enhancing the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is a common head and neck malignancy. The incidence of NPC is higher in Southern China and Southeast Asia compared with Western countries. Given its high radiosensitivity, the standard treatment for NPC is radiotherapy. However, radioresistance remains a serious obstacle to successful treatment. Radioresistance can cause local recurrence and distant metastases in some patients after treatment by radiation. Thus, special emphasis has been given to the discovery of effective radiosensitizers. This review aims to discuss the biomarkers, classified according to the main mechanisms of radiosensitization, which can enhance the sensitivity of NPC cells to ionizing radiation.

Depressant effect and mechanism of atorvastatin on the chronic rejection of aortic allograft in rats

Objective To investigate the depressant effect and mechanism of atorvastatin on the chronic rejection of aortic allograft in rats. Methods： The models of abdominal aorta transplantation were made with micro-surgery in rats. The recipients were divided into three groups： allograft control group, atorvastatin-treated group and isograft control group. Vascular intimal thickness in all of the groups were observed by histological examination. The expression of PCNA and α-SMA were determined by immunohistochemistry. The content of nitric oxide was determined by nitrate reductase chromatometry. Results： The vascular intimal thickness in rats of atorvastatin-treated group （11.60% ± 2.40% ） were lower than those in allograft control group （34.60 % ± 6.40 % ; P 〈 0.05） and higher than those in isograft control group （1.15 % ± 0.65 %; P〈 0.05 ）. The expression level of PCNA was decreased in atorvastatin-treated group （4.80% ± 0.80% ） than allograft control group （18.40% ± 1.80% ; P〈0.05） and higher than isograft group （1.20% ± 0.40% ; P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The expression of PCNA in the transplant aorta could be suppressed by atorvastatin, which resalted in relief of chronic rejection of aortic allograft.

The Synergism of Chemical Herbicides and Aureobasidium pullulans for Control Cleavers(Galium aparine L.) in Wheat

Aureobasidium pullulans, a biocontrol agent for the annual weed Galium aparine L. was evaluated in vitro for its compatibility with commercial formulation of five herbicides at 1X （recommended field rate）, 0.5X, 0.2X, 0.1X 0.067X, and 0.05X concentrations. Germination of A. pullulans with paraquat, 2, 4-D, quizalofop-p, and ctethodim treatment appeared reduced compared with germination of A. pullulans with fluroxypyr treatment at all concentrations. Stunted and shorter germ tubes in comparison with the control were observed with 2, 4-D, quizalofop-p, and clethodim at 0.2X. All concentration of paraquat, 2, 4-D, quizalofop-p, and clethodim except 0.05X, significantly decreased radial growth of A. pullulans compared with its growth on the untreated PDA medium. Field trials to further develop A. pullulans as bio- control agent for control G. aparine L. was conducted to test the effectiveness of this fungus in wheat plots for 2 years at the same location in Xining. Treatments included spore suspensions of A. pullulans alone, a mixture of both fungus and fluroxypyr in wheat. Biocontrol agent effectiveness was estimated at approximately 7 and 14 days after treatment, as disease incidence, percent weed control, and weed biomass reduction. Significant reduction in weed biomass occurred in combination treatments, and potential exists to tank mix A. pullulans with fluroxypyr. Leaf surface moisture and air temperatures following application may account for inconsistencies in field results between years. This fungal organisms show potential as bioherbicides for weeds in G. aparine L.

Time delays in proliferation process for solid avascular tumor under the action of external inhibitors

In this paper a delayed mathematical model for tumor growth under the action of external inhibitors is studied. The delay represents the time taken for cells to undergo mitosis. External inhibitor means that an inhibitor is either developed from the immune system of the body or administered by medical treatment to distinguish with that secreted by tumor itself. Non-negativity of solutions is studied. Local and global stabilities of the stationary solutions are proved for some parameter values. The analysis of the effect of inhibitor＇s parameters on tumor＇s growth is presented. The results show that dynamical behavior of solutions of this model is similar to that of solutions for corresponding nondelayed model for some parameter values.