基于有限元法的成形磨齿机立柱增量化设计及优化

以某成形磨齿机立柱为研究对象,分析了立柱受偏重心载荷后的静力学特性,同时对立柱进行了模态分析,发现立柱在X方向上受力情况较差。在此基础上,提出了增量化设计概念,对立柱进行增量化配重设计。研究表明:该设计方法可有效减小立柱X方向上的位移与应力;使得立柱第4阶模态发生振动转移。为获得最佳的立柱静刚度以及最小的立柱增量,对增量化设计方法的参数进行了多目标优化,获得了一组最优增量化设计参数。

党内民主的增量式发展与路径依赖

党内民主的增量式发展是在党内民主已有的发展成果、发展水平和制度架构的基础上,渐进地、稳步地推进党内民主的发展。在我国,党内民主发展必须走增量式发展道路,增量式党内民主发展又要以党内民主的存量———党内民主发展的路径依赖为基础。增量式的党内民主发展应该不断冲破党内民主发展的路径依赖,稳步地向前推进。

能源消费量增长驱动因素分解与调控路径

文章构建IPAT扩展模型,将我国能源消费量增长分解为城镇人口变动效应、农村人口变动效应、区域经济发展效应、区域人口比例变动效应、分产业能源强度变动效应和产业结构调整效应。对我国2001—2015年能源消费量增长驱动因素的分解结果表明:区域经济发展是驱动能源消费量增加的最主要因素,并且存在明显的区域差异;城镇人口增长的增量化效应明显高于农村人口减少的减量化效应;能源强度效应是能源消费减量化的最重要因素,存在明显的产业间差异;产业结构调整在能源消费量变动中减量化效应不明显;区域人口比例变动驱动能源消费量增长的作用很小。

创新党员立项攻关“四化管理”模式助推企业高质量发展

厂党委聚焦党建工作与生产经营深度融合工作主线,对传统载体共产党员先锋工程深化升级,实施党员立项攻关,组织广大党员紧密围绕生产经营的重点、难点、关键点,设立共产党员工程、共产党员责任区、共产党员示范岗、共产党员突击队(服务队),经过摸索实践,总结提炼出“四化”管理模式,即精准化立项、层级化管理、项目化推进、增量化考核,确保项目全程受控,使党员立项攻关取得了实实在在的成效,充分发挥了党组织的战斗堡垒作用和党员的先锋模范作用,为采油厂高质量发展贡献了党建力量。

恒温恒液位系统的动态机理建模与仿真

对恒温恒液位系统进行深入机理分析,根据系统规律建立其动态机理模型。为了使所建模型具有实用性,对模型进行降阶、线性化、增量化及离散化处理,然后进行仿真研究。仿真结果与实际情况的相吻合说明所建模型是有效的,并且该动态机理建模方法是工业系统模型建立时一种易学、有效的方法,具有很好的应用价值。

基于可调度性排序的时间触发调度表生成方法

时间触发以太网(TTE)静态调度表的生成依据可满足性模理论(SMT);如果时间触发(TT)流量集合的规模较大,需要分批选取流量子集进行增量化调度求解,选取的次序对于计算耗时具有显著的影响。采用严格周期利用率因子(SPU)量化各条流量的可调度性,按照调度难度降序分批选取流量组成流量子集,并依次对流量子集进行SMT求解,同时采用可调度性检查和约束缩减措施,提出并形成了一种基于可调度性排序的增量化时间触发调度表生成方法。在求解过程中,如果出现局部不可调度的情况,则进行回溯操作;同时引入干涉时间作为已调度集合对于未调度集合的联合约束条件,大规模缩减了这两种集合之间的约束数量,进一步提高了求解效率。案例研究表明,与随机排序、周期升序和可调度难度升序的增量化调度方法相比,该方法的回溯次数随系统规模增长的速度显著降低。

面向Open64的OpenMP程序优化

Open MP规范了一系列的编译制导、环境变量和运行库,具有简单、可移植、支持增量并行等优点.但同时,采用FORK-JOIN模型所引起的频繁的线程管理开销也是制约Open MP程序性能的瓶颈之一.本文讨论了如何利用并行区的合并与扩展,实现并行区的重构,并在此基础上利用Open64的IPA优化部件所提供的全局间过程分析能力,实现跨越过程边界的并行块的合并.最终实验表明,该方法有效地改进了Open MP程序的运行性能.

Conceptual Design of a Butyl-levulinate Reactive Distillation Process by Incremental Refinement

Butyl-levulinate has been identified as a promising fuel candidate with high oxygen content. Its com- bustion in diesel engines yields very low soot and NOx emissions. It can be produced by the esterification of butanol and levulinic acid, which themselves are platform chemicals in a biorenewables-based chemical supply chain. Since the equilibrium of esterification limits the conversion in a conventional reactor, reactive distillation can be applied to overcome this limitation. The presence of the high-boiling catalyst sulfuric acid requires a further separation step downstream of the reactive distillation column to recover the catalyst for recycle. Optimal design specifications and an optimal operating point are determined using rigorous flowsheet optimization. The challenging optimization problem is solved by a favorable initialization strategy and continuous reformulation. The design identified has the potential to produce a renewable transportation fuel at reasonable cost.

Analysis and optimization of variable depth increments in sheet metal incremental forming

A method utilizing variable depth increments during incremental forming was proposed and then optimized based on numerical simulation and intelligent algorithm.Initially,a finite element method(FEM) model was set up and then experimentally verified.And the relation between depth increment and the minimum thickness tmin as well as its location was analyzed through the FEM model.Afterwards,the variation of depth increments was defined.The designed part was divided into three areas according to the main deformation mechanism,with Di(i=1,2) representing the two dividing locations.And three different values of depth increment,Δzi(i=1,2,3) were utilized for the three areas,respectively.Additionally,an orthogonal test was established to research the relation between the five process parameters(D and Δz) and tmin as well as its location.The result shows that Δz2 has the most significant influence on the thickness distribution for the corresponding area is the largest one.Finally,a single evaluating indicator,taking into account of both tmin and its location,was formatted with a linear weighted model.And the process parameters were optimized through a genetic algorithm integrated with an artificial neural network based on the evaluating index.The result shows that the proposed algorithm is satisfactory for the optimization of variable depth increment.

Impacts of Carbon Tax Policy on CO_2 Mitigation and Economic Growth in China

In this paper we examine the impacts of carbon tax policy on CO2 mitigation effects and economic growth in China by using a dynamic energy-environment-economy computable general equilibrium （CGE） model. The results show that 30, 60, and 90 RMB per ton CO2 of carbon tax rate will lead to a reduction of CO2 emissions by 4.52%, 8.59%, and 12.26%, as well as a decline in the GDP by 0.11%, 0.25%, and 0.39% in 2020, respectively, if carbon tax revenues are collected by the government. Moreover, with energy efficiency improvements the CO2 emission per unit of GDP will equally drop by 34.79%, 37.49%, and 39.92% in 2020, respectively. Negative impacts on sectors and households will be alleviated if carbon tax revenues are returned to these sectors and households.

DETERMINE OPTIMUM NUMBER OF COMPACT OVERLAPPED CLUSTERS USING FRLVQ TECHNIQUE

A method, named XHJ-method, is proposed in this letter to determine the number of clusters of a data set, which incorporates with the Fuzzy Reinforced Learning Vector Quantization (FRLVQ) technique. The simulation results show that this new method works well for the traditional iris data and an artificial data set, which contains un-equally sized and spaced clusters.

Novel Retinex algorithm by interpolation and adaptive noise suppression

In order to improve image quality, a novel Retinex algorithm for image enhancement was presented. Different from conventional algorithms, it was based on certain defined points containing the illumination information in the intensity image to estimate the illumination. After locating the points, the whole illumination image was computed by an interpolation technique. When attempting to recover the reflectance image, an adaptive method which can be considered as an optimization problem was employed to suppress noise in dark environments and keep details in other areas. For color images, it was taken in the band of each channel separately. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is superior to the traditional Retinex algorithms in image entropy.

Promotion effect of KOH on preparation of dissolved Fe(Ⅵ)

In order to improve the yield and stability of ferrate in solution, dissolved Fe(Ⅵ) prepared with NaOH and KOH respectively was compared in this study. The results showed that KOH is more suitable than NaOH for the preparation of dissolved Fe(Ⅵ) at temperature over 50 ℃. It is found that the dissolved Fe(Ⅵ) prepared with KOH increases quickly at first, and then slowly with the increasing concentrations of OH-and ClO-, while it increases rapidly at first and then decreases rapidly with the increasing dosage of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O. These results are different from that prepared with NaOH. It can be explained that solid K2FeO4 salts can be formed in KOH solution, and it will lower the Fe(Ⅵ) concentration, counteract the decomposition of Fe(Ⅵ), and improve the yield of Fe(Ⅵ). The maximum ferrate concentration is 0.163 mol/L obtained by 100 g/L Fe(NO3)3·9H2O and 6.16 mol/L KOH at 65 ℃. The stability of Fe(VI) is greatly improved due to the hypochlorite existed in the dissolved ferrate, and only 24% Fe(Ⅵ) has been decomposed after 16 d for 1 mmol/L Fe(Ⅵ) at 25 ℃.

The Real Source of China's Economic Growth

In this paper,the authors have made the following findings after the fitting of China's economic growth rate series using an improved STR model:since 1949,great changes have taken place in China's economic growth pattern but factor input remains to be the major source of China's economic growth,as reflected by the extensive pattern of economic growth;with the exception of capital,the marginal output of all other production factors has been on the increase,which suggests that the efficiency of China's factor allocation has been continuously improved;the marginal output of capital has been on the decline,which explains that the dependency on investment for economic growth has led to excessive investment;reform and opening up and reform of marketization have substantially increased the sustainability of China's economic growth.In addition,the authors have investigated the internal momentum of China's growth transformation and developed relevant policy recommendations.

Self-normalized moderate deviations for independent random variables

Let X1,X2,... be a sequence of independent random variables （r.v.s） belonging to the domain of attraction of a normal or stable law. In this paper, we study moderate deviations for the self-normalized sum n X ∑^n_i=1Xi/Vm,p ,where Vn,p （∑^n_i=1｜Xi｜p）^1/p （P 〉 1）.Applications to the self-normalized law of the iteratedlogarithm, Studentized increments of partial sums, t-statistic, and weighted sum of independent and identically distributed （i.i.d.） r.v.s are considered.

Temporal Variations in Growth and Aboveground Biomass of Phragmites australis and EVI Analysis in Jiaozhou Bay Coastal Salt Marshes, China

To better ascertain leaf, stem and flower traits, and analyze aboveground allocation during the vegetation period, three sampling vegetation transects were settled and reed samples were collected at intervals to determine morphological parameters and dry and wet weights in Jiaozhou Bay wetland. Remote sensing data were also combined to evaluate regional biomass through EVI regression models. Results show that growth dynamics of leaves and stems changed during the vegetation period. Stem length increased rapidly and peaked in September（194.40 ± 23.89 cm）, whereas leaf width peaked in July. There was a significantly negative correlation between stem length and stem diameter with a value of-0.785. Stem biomass was higher than that of leaves, and the maximum value of aboveground biomass was 27.17 ± 3.56 g. F/C exhibited a tendency to increase and values ranged from 0.37–0.76. The aboveground biomass of sample plots reached a peak of 2356 ± 457 g/m^2 in September. EVI was 0.05–0.5; EVI and biomass had a better fitting effect using the power-exponent model compared with other models and its function was y = 4219.30 x^0.88（R^2 = 0.7810）. R^2 of the other three models ranked as linear function〉 polynomial function 〉exponent function, with the values being 0.7769, 0.7623 and 0.6963, respectively. EVI can be used to estimate vegetation biomass, and effectively solved the problems of the destructive effect to sample plots resulting from traditional harvest methods.

Direct measurement of the Raman enhancement factor of rhodamine 6G on graphene under resonant excitation

Graphene substrates have recently been found to generate Raman enhancement. Systematic studies using different Raman probes have been implemented, but one of the most commonly used Raman probes, rhodamine 6G （R6G）, has yielded controversial results for the enhancement effect on graphene. Indeed, the Raman enhancement factor of R6G induced by graphene has never been measured directly under resonant excitation because of the presence of intense fluorescence backgrounds. In this study, a polarization-difference technique is used to suppress the fluorescence background by subtracting two spectra collected using different excitation laser polarizations. As a result, enhancement factors are obtained ranging between 1.7 and 5.6 for the four Raman modes of R6G at 611, 1,183, 1,361, and 1,647 cm-~ under resonant excitation by a 514.5 nm laser. By comparing these results with the results obtained under non-resonant excitation （632.8 nm） and pre-resonant excitation （593 nm）, the enhancement can be attributed to static chemical enhancement （CHEM） and tuning of the molecular resonance. Density functional theory simulations reveal that the orbital energies and densities for R6G are modified bv ~raphene dots.

Experimental warming shifts coupling of carbon and nitrogen cycles in an alpine meadow

Aims Terrestrial ecosystem carbon(C)uptake is remarkably regulated by nitrogen(N)availability in the soil.However,the coupling of C and N cycles,as reflected by C:N ratios in different components,has not been well explored in response to climate change.Methods Here,we applied a data assimilation approach to assimilate 14 datasets collected from a warming experiment in an alpine meadow in China into a grassland ecosystem model.We attempted to evaluate how experimental warming affects C and N coupling as indicated by constrained parameters under ambient and warming treatments separately.Important Findings The results showed that warming increased soil N availability with decreased C:N ratio in soil labile C pool,leading to an increase in N uptake by plants.Nonetheless,C input to leaf increased more than N,leading to an increase and a decrease in the C:N ratio in leaf and root,respectively.Litter C:N ratio was decreased due to the increased N immobilization under high soil N availability or warming-accelerated decomposition of litter mass.Warming also increased C:N ratio of slow soil organic matter pool,suggesting a greater soil C sequestration potential.As most models usually use a fixed C:N ratio across different environments,the divergent shifts of C:N ratios under climate warming detected in this study could provide a useful benchmark for model parameterization and benefit models to predict C-N coupled responses to future climate change.

Investigation on gain characteristics in non-degenerate cascaded phase sensitive parametric amplifiers

We theoretically and experimentally show the impact of the ratio between the signal and idler generated from the PIA part on the gain characteristics in the continuous wave (CW) pump non-degenerate cascaded phase-sensitive fiber optical parametric amplifier (PS-FOPA). The results show that the length of highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) used for generating the idler can cause the variation of power ratio between the idler and signal, which significantly affects the gain characteristics of the PS-FOPA under the small signal gain condition. To obtain high gain, it is better to choose long HNLF to generate idler. In our experiment, 5.5 dB gain and 18 nm bandwidth (on/off gain>10 dBm) in PS-FOPA can be achieved when 300 m-long HNLF instead of 200 m-long HNLF is used in PIA.