Neuroendocrine carcinomas(NEC) of the pancreas are defined by a mitotic count > 20 mitoses/10 high power fields and/or Ki67 index > 20%, and included all the tumors previously classified as poorly differentiated...Neuroendocrine carcinomas(NEC) of the pancreas are defined by a mitotic count > 20 mitoses/10 high power fields and/or Ki67 index > 20%, and included all the tumors previously classified as poorly differentiated endocrine carcinomas. These latter are aggressive malignancies with a high propensity for distant metastases and poor prognosis, and they can be further divided into small- and large-cell subtypes. However in the NEC category are included also neuroendocrine tumors with a well differentiated morphology but ki67 index > 20%. This category is associated with better prognosis and does not significantly respond to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, which represents the gold standard therapeutic approach for poorly differentiated NEC. In this review, the differences between well differentiated and poorly differentiated NEC are discussed considering both pathology, imaging features, treatment and prognostic implications. Diagnostic and therapeutic flowcharts are proposed. The need for a revision of current classification system is stressed being well differentiated NEC a more indolent disease compared to poorly differentiated tumors.展开更多
Salt stress is one of the most serious limiting factors for crop growth and production. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of salt stress in four Mentha piperita L. varieties, in greenhouse conditions....Salt stress is one of the most serious limiting factors for crop growth and production. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of salt stress in four Mentha piperita L. varieties, in greenhouse conditions. The seedlings were irrigated with 1/2 Hoagland nutrition solutions. Following 10 d of growth in the pots, the seedlings were subjected to salt stress with different concentrations of NaCl （0, 50 and 100 mM, respectively）. Responses of the mint varieties to salt stress were evaluated using some plant growth and physiological parameters, such as plant height, root length, shoot and root fresh and dry weight, and ion concentrations in leaves, such as Na, K, Ca and Cl. Salt stress caused reduction in physiological parameters. However, this reduction was significant at 100 mM NaCl compared to 50 mM NaCl. These two concentrations of NaCl increased Na and Cl contents in leaves. However, K and Ca contents were decreased with salinity. The results showed that Mentha piperita cv. Sewiss and Granada were found more tolerant to salt stress than cv. Marokko and Citaro.展开更多
文摘Neuroendocrine carcinomas(NEC) of the pancreas are defined by a mitotic count > 20 mitoses/10 high power fields and/or Ki67 index > 20%, and included all the tumors previously classified as poorly differentiated endocrine carcinomas. These latter are aggressive malignancies with a high propensity for distant metastases and poor prognosis, and they can be further divided into small- and large-cell subtypes. However in the NEC category are included also neuroendocrine tumors with a well differentiated morphology but ki67 index > 20%. This category is associated with better prognosis and does not significantly respond to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, which represents the gold standard therapeutic approach for poorly differentiated NEC. In this review, the differences between well differentiated and poorly differentiated NEC are discussed considering both pathology, imaging features, treatment and prognostic implications. Diagnostic and therapeutic flowcharts are proposed. The need for a revision of current classification system is stressed being well differentiated NEC a more indolent disease compared to poorly differentiated tumors.
文摘Salt stress is one of the most serious limiting factors for crop growth and production. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of salt stress in four Mentha piperita L. varieties, in greenhouse conditions. The seedlings were irrigated with 1/2 Hoagland nutrition solutions. Following 10 d of growth in the pots, the seedlings were subjected to salt stress with different concentrations of NaCl （0, 50 and 100 mM, respectively）. Responses of the mint varieties to salt stress were evaluated using some plant growth and physiological parameters, such as plant height, root length, shoot and root fresh and dry weight, and ion concentrations in leaves, such as Na, K, Ca and Cl. Salt stress caused reduction in physiological parameters. However, this reduction was significant at 100 mM NaCl compared to 50 mM NaCl. These two concentrations of NaCl increased Na and Cl contents in leaves. However, K and Ca contents were decreased with salinity. The results showed that Mentha piperita cv. Sewiss and Granada were found more tolerant to salt stress than cv. Marokko and Citaro.
