应试作文审题四法

高考作文命题一般都具备模糊性、导向性、多义性三个特点。这些特点体现在具体题型中又形态各异,但并不是没有规律可以探求。"审题四法",就试图解决这个问题。

基础写作第二·三·四章综合练习

1名词解释题

Modified Augmented Lagrange Multiplier Methods for Large-Scale Chemical Process Optimization

Chemical process optimization can be described as large-scale nonlinear constrained minimization. The modified augmented Lagrange multiplier methods (MALMM) for large-scale nonlinear constrained minimization are studied in this paper. The Lagrange function contains the penalty terms on equality and inequality constraints and the methods can be applied to solve a series of bound constrained sub-problems instead of a series of unconstrained sub-problems. The steps of the methods are examined in full detail. Numerical experiments are made for a variety of problems, from small to very large-scale, which show the stability and effectiveness of the methods in large-scale problems.

Population and Environment:Necessary Transition Initiatives for Developing Countries

Now environment is an important topic in academic field.Many researches focus on the negative outcomes of nature which are being continually created by human and much attention has been paid to how the environment is protected through integrated research,movement and policy.But few studies are concentrated on population and environment and are to find out the interconnectivity and underlying mechanism that have an effect on people's preferring additional children and perception to environment.Many researchers claim that population growth is a great problem for environment but they do not provide the indepth integrated knowledge and mechanism that influence fertility trend and environmental problems.It is very crucial to develop practical and concrete initiatives to confirm a transition to reduce population growth and redirect the perception on population and environment.

A New System of Variational Inclusions with （H,η）-accretive Operators in Banach Spaces

In this paper, we first introduce a new class of generalized accretive operators named （H,η）-accretive in Banach space. By studying the properties of （H,η）-accretive, we extend the concept of resolvent operators associated with m-accretive operators to the new （H,η）-accretive operators. In terms of the new resolvent operator technique, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions for this new system of variational inclusions. We also construct a new algorithm for approximating the solution of this system and discuss the convergence of the sequence of iterates generated by the algorithm.

Study on the development and financing of tourist attractions in China

Tourism is one of the important industries in China. It has become China＇s important economic growth point. But from the development of tourist attractions in China, we find that many problems still exist, especially the sources of funds. This will seriously impede the further development of tourism industry. Based on the analysis, related countermeasures have been set forth. And yet the best approach to resolve funding issues is financing.

Planning Strategic Sustainable Development in Malaysia by Incorporating the Concept of Low Carbon Society

Malaysia has undergone rapid urbanization and economic growth for past decades and is expected to continue to have an average economic grow at 5%-6% per annum in the next five years. This phenomenon of growth and pursuit of socio-economic progress has great impact not only on the economy but also on community life style and environment. The concept of sustainable development was adopted by Malaysia government as early as mid 1990s to address some of the emerging environmental issues and more specifically on climate change issues recently. Malaysia government announced a commitment of voluntary 40% reduction in CO2 emission intensity by 2020 during the Conference of Party （COP15） meeting in Copenhagen in 2009. In parallel to this commitment of CO2 emission reduction, the concept of sustainable development in urban planning should incorporate a more comprehensive and quantitative approach in the preparation of development plan as well as in exercising the routine development control practice at the local planning authority. This paper prepares a quantitative scenario study on the establishment of low carbon society in Iskandar Malaysia.

Novel Retinex algorithm by interpolation and adaptive noise suppression

In order to improve image quality, a novel Retinex algorithm for image enhancement was presented. Different from conventional algorithms, it was based on certain defined points containing the illumination information in the intensity image to estimate the illumination. After locating the points, the whole illumination image was computed by an interpolation technique. When attempting to recover the reflectance image, an adaptive method which can be considered as an optimization problem was employed to suppress noise in dark environments and keep details in other areas. For color images, it was taken in the band of each channel separately. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is superior to the traditional Retinex algorithms in image entropy.

Scientific Land Reform in Nepal： Question of Equity and Efficiency

Scientific Land Reform is at centre of decades＇ conflict and even during Peace Process in Nepal. In this regards, land reform attempts to address equity and efficiency so as to address historical inequity and injustices for promoting peace process in Nepal. From equity perspective, landlessness, unequal power structure and social relation, injustices and discrimination for long centuries are key land issues. Along with this, economic efficiency is the fundamental for enhancing agricultural growth leading to economic growth. In particular, this article argues that, in the given prevailing condition, i.e. traditional and subsistence and rampant rural poverty and unequal power structure and injustices, small farms perform better leading to food and livelihood security at household level. Consequently, ＇Scientific Land Reform＇ has been defined by taking into account the essence of equity and efficiency.

Analysis on the Effect of Beijing＇s Traffic Control Policies

With the rapid development of economy and motorization, the traffic congestion and environmental problems have become more and more serious day by day in Beijing. Therefore, traffic control policies have been gradually adopted by Beijing municipal government since 2008, so as to ease traffic and environmental problems. In this paper, the background and current situation of Beijing to implement traffic control policies are introduced, and also this measure is analyzed and evaluated from traffic effect, environmental effect, motor vehicle development, urban road development, public transport development, and balance between supply and demand, etc. Finally, related conclusions are drawn up as follows： an induced traffic volume will be generated by traffic control policies, and the effect of the traffic control will be erased by the natural growth rate of motor vehicles in three years; public traffic service should be improved for better making traffic control policies; the traffic congestion and environmental problems are alleviated by traffic control policies in the short term, but can＇t be fundamentally solved in the long run; traffic control policies should cooperate with other traffic demand management policies for reducing demands, and traffic condition should be optimized in both time and space, so that the traffic congestion and environmental problems will be fundamentally solved.

Effectiveness of Computer Assisted Problem based Learning in Chemistry for Enhancing Thinking Skills among Secondary School Students

Experiencing problems that challenges science and the thought, habits of mind and actions associated with trying to solve them is one of the best ways of learning Chemistry. This impels opportunities for authentic, inquiry based learning. PBL （problem based learning） is a student centered pedagogy in which students learn about a subject through the experience of problem solving. The goals of PBL are to help the students develop flexible knowledge, effective problem solving skills, self-directed learning, effective collaborative skills and intrinsic motivation. CAPBL （computer assisted problem based learning） has been created to expand the boundaries of the creativity and the creativity of students beyond the four walls of the classroom. In the present study the investigator tested the effectiveness of the CAPBL material in Chemistry for enhancing thinking skills among secondary school students. The sample consisted of 100 secondary school students. The study revealed that the CAPBL material in Chemistry is effective in enhancing thinking skills such as critical thinking, creativity and problem solving.

Labour Productivity and the Chaotic Economic Growth Model： G7

Chaos theory is used to prove that erratic and chaotic fluctuations can indeed arise in completely deterministic models. Chaos theory reveals structure in aperiodic, dynamic systems. The number of nonlinear business cycle models use chaos theory to explain complex motion of the economy. Almost three years after the crisis, the G7 countries continue to be challenged with economic volatility. The global economy has slowed. Growth in the United States has weakened. In Europe, economic instability is generated by the financial and economic imbalances. Europe is gripped with financial strains from the sovereign debt crisis in the euro area periphery. How these G7 economies confront their fiscal challenges will profoundly affect their economic stability. The basic aim of this paper is to provide a relatively simple chaotic economic growth model that is capable of generating stable equilibria, cycles, or chaos. This paper looks in more detail at the GDP growth stability issues in each of the G7 countries in the period 1990-2012 （Retrieved from http：//www, imf.org）. A key hypothesis of this work is based on the idea that the coefficient π =[p（s_p-i-n/pb-p_mb_m）] plays a crucial role in explaining local stability of the gross domestic product growth, where, p---the coefficient of labour productivity; p.,--the coefficient of the marginal labour productivity, sp-private saving rate;i--investment rate; b-percent of the gross domestic product which belongs to budget deficit; bm-marginal budget deficit coefficient; n-net capital outflow rate.

THE GROWTH THEOREM FOR STARLIKE MAPPINGS ON BOUNDED STARLIKE CIRCULAR DOMAINS

The authors obtain the growth and covering theorem for the class of normalized biholomorphic starlike mappings on bounded starlike circular domains.This type of domain discussed is rather general, since the domain must be starlike if there exists a normalized biholomorphic starlike mapping on it. In the unit disc, it is just the famous growth and covering theorem for univalent functions.This theorem successfully realizes the initial idea of H. Cartan about how to extend geometric function theory from one variable to several complex variables.