墨流效果在纺织品图案设计中的应用研究

"墨流"工艺,又称"水影画"。它被认为是最古老的大理石纹饰,起源于2000多年前的中国。现通过对资料的收集整理,对墨流的起源与发展及其绘制方法,以及墨流的艺术效果进行了阐述,尤其是应用于纺织品设计中。并对其市场优势和应用范围进行了分析研究。

墨流图形在现代纺织品设计中的应用

"墨流"工艺,或称"漂浮纹理"。印制方法是使用各种各样的稀释的油彩颜色在水的表面作画,再以纸张或纤维面料等材料吸附水上的画作完成的墨流图案。墨流图形也是历史悠久的大理石纹样,产生于2000多年前的中国,后在12世纪的日本高度发展。墨流工艺作为中国一种古老的手工艺印染艺术,随着现代科技的发展,渐渐消失在大众的视野之中,数码印花等电子操作的现代印花技术逐渐代替了传统的印染技术,但不可否认,传统墨流工艺的技法和所形成的图形纹理对现代图案设计影响之大,并且越来越多的人也渐渐关注这门中国传统的墨流工艺。文章旨在通过材料的收集整理,阐述与分析关于墨流工艺的发展历程,以及墨流图形在现代纺织品设计中的创意应用。

浮水印转印技法探索与研究

浮水印技法,基于油水比重差异、油水相斥相分离的原理,将颜料撒滴漂浮于水面,以竹签针棒等工具拖划颜色达到满意的图像,再以纸张覆盖转印于承印物。此种技法转印的花纹图像带有偶然性,独一无二,因此浮水印也归类为独幅版画技法。据历史记载,最早的浮水印源自于唐代的"流沙笺"造纸技术,然后经丝绸之路从亚洲传播至欧洲。日本和土耳其将浮水印技法作为各自的传统文化保留发展,并以艺术纸品等多种生活产品形式存活至今。

Effective thermal and electrical conductivity of graphite nanoplatelet composites

The relationship between the thermal/electrical conductivity enhancement in graphite nanoplatelets （GNPs） composites and the properties of filling graphite nanoplatelets is studied. The effective thermal and electrical conductivity enhancements of GNP-oil nanofluids and GNP-polyimide composites are measured. By taking into account the particle shape, the volume fraction, the thermal conductivity of filling particles and the base fluids, the thermal and electrical conductivity enhancements of GNP nanofluids are theoretically predicted by the generalized effective medium theory. Both the nonlinear dependence of effective thermal conductivity on the GNP volume fraction in nanofhiids and the very low percolation threshold for GNP-polyimide composites are well predicted. The theoretical predications are found to be in reasonably good agreement with the experimental data. The generalized effective medium theory can be used for predicting the thermal and electrical properties of GNP composites and it is still available for most of the thermal/electrical modifications in two-phase composites.

论墨学三维——基于人文墨、科学墨和工匠墨维度的考察

墨学有三维:人文墨、科学墨和工匠墨。人文墨,是大义墨学的思想文化之维;科学墨,是墨学的科学技术之维;工匠墨,是墨学的手工大巧之维。墨学三维特色鲜明,亮点纷呈:墨学的思想文化之维,奠定了天下之言尽归墨的理路,由此,墨学成为言盈天下、蕴含着共产主义微光的显学;墨学的天工自然之维,使墨学在重人文的诸子百家中脱颖而出,开显出中华文明三位一体的科学技术传统;墨学的手工大巧之维,力促多数墨者成为身体力行的国器,氤氲出影响至今的大国工匠精神。墨流千年,其命维新;墨学三维,共同成就了墨子“平民圣人”的美誉。

胶印机输墨系统及其墨路流向

输墨系统是胶印机的重要组成部分，其结构与性能优劣直接影响油墨的转移和传递，也是决定印刷质量好坏的重要因素。正确调节墨辊装置乃是印版达到均匀着墨的前提条件。如何调节墨斗现代胶印机在墨斗结构设计上有突破性的改进，例如海德堡机和罗兰机克服了传统式墨斗（如国...

GO-induced effective interconnection layer for all solution-processed tandem quantum dot light-emitting diodes

Compared to conventional quantum dot light-emitting diodes,tandem quantum dot light-emitting diodes(TQLEDs)possess higher device efficiency and more applications in the field of flat panel display and solid-state lighting in the future.The TQLED is a multilayer structure device which connects two or more light-emitting units by using an interconnection layer(ICL),which plays an extremely important role in the TQLED.Therefore,realizing an effective ICL is the key to obtain high-efficiency TQLEDs.In this work,the p-type materials polys(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene),poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)and the n-type material zinc magnesium oxide(ZnMgO),were used,and an effective hybrid ICL,the PEDOT:PSS-GO/ZnMgO,was obtained by doping graphene oxide(GO)into PEDOT:PSS.The effect of GO additive on the ICL was systematically investigated.It exhibits that the GO additive brought the fine charge carrier generation and injection capacity simultaneously.Thus,the all solutionprocessed red TQLEDs were prepared and characterized for the first time.The maximum luminance of 40877 cd/m^(2) and the highest current efficiency of 19.6 cd/A were achieved,respectively,showing a 21%growth and a 51%increase when compared with those of the reference device without GO.The encouraging results suggest that our investigation paves the way for efficient all solution-processed TQLEDs.

Analysis of ink flow channel between two rotating ink rollers

In order to research how the size of the ink flow channel is affected by the interaction of adjacent ink areas,according to the method of fluid-solid interaction,this paper analyzes the size of the ink flow channel of two ink rollers' rotation.Firstly,this paper simulates the situation of only one ink area.Secondly,this paper simulates the situation of five adjacent ink areas.Then,through comparing the simulation results of two above situations,it' s obvious that the interaction of adjacent ink areas has big effects on the ink pressure and the size of ink flow channel.At last,this paper gets the main factor that affects the size of ink flow channel in the different situations.

Effect of transient current bonding on interfacial reaction in Ag-coated graphene Sn-Ag-Cu composite solder joints

To address the problem of floating and aggregation of Ag-GNSs in the molten pool during the traditional reflow soldering process,Cu/SAC/Ag-GNSs/Cu sandwich joints were prepared under an applied current density(1.0×10^(4) A/cm^(2))for a few hundred milliseconds to produce Ag-coated graphene-reinforced Sn-Ag-Cu(SAC/AgGNSs)solder joints.The experimental results showed that Ag-GNSs were homogenously dispersed in the solder joints,providing more Cu6 Sn5 grain nucleation sites,which refined these grains and reduced the thickness difference at the anode and cathode.In addition,the Cu6 Sn5 morphology changed from rod-like to plate-shaped because of the uniform distribution of Ag-GNSs and constitutional supercooling.The significantly increased shear strength of the transient current bonding and the change in the fracture mechanism were due to the uniformly distributed Ag-GNSs and the microstructural changes.

Gas-Phase Deposited Plasmonic Nanoparticles Supported on 3D-Graphene/Nickel Foam for Highly SERS Detection

In this work, we proposed a novel three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic nanostructure based on porous graphene/nickel foam (GNF) and gas-phase deposited Ag nanoparticles (NPs). Ag NPs with high density were directly deposited on the surface of 3D GNF by performing a novel cluster beam deposition approach. In comparison with traditional Ag substrate (SiO2/Ag), such hot-spots enriched 3D nanostructure showed extremely high electromag-netic field enhancement under incident light irradiation which could be used as a sensitive chemical sensor based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed nanostructure showed superior SERS performance in terms of Raman signal reproducibility and sensitivity for the probe molecules. 3D full-wave simulation showed that the enhanced SERS performance in this 3D hierarchical plasmonic nanostructure was mainly obtained from the hot-spots between Ag NPs and the near-field coupling between Ag NPs and GNF sca olds. This work can provide a novel assembled SERS substrate as a SERS-based chemical sensor in practical applications.

Influence of feature size of micro-scale channel on ink flow characteristics

Under the micro-scale condition,feature size of the channel is one of the main factors influencing the fluid flow characteristics. In printing process,ink thickness in the extrusion zone formed by two ink rollers may reach micron scale. Compared with macroscopic fluid,the velocity field and the pressure field of fluid may change when the feature size of fluid channel reaches micron scale. In order to control printing quality,it is necessary to research the influence of feature size on ink flow characteristics in micro scale. This paper analyzes it in theory,and then numerical simulation of an ink flow model with different feature sizes is carried out in no slip condition. The influence of the feature size on the ink flow characteristics and the wall shear force are obtained. Besides,the ink flow model with different feature sizes is simulated numerically in slip condition,and the influence of feature size on ink flow characteristics is obtained. Finally,by comparing and analyzing the above results,it can be concluded that both the ink velocity and pressure at the inlet of the extrusion zone are inversely proportional to the feature sizes whether in slip condition or not. And the ink velocity in slip condition is larger than that without slip,the pressure at the inlet of the extrusion zone is less than that in no slip condition. Within the micro-scale range,the ink velocity difference between the two conditions cannot be ignored. Therefore,it is necessary to consider slip when analyzing the influence of feature size of micro-scale channel on ink flow characteristics.

Logistic Model for Customer Dynamics in the Mobile Telecommunication Sector

Starting from the last decade of the 90＇s mobile phone makes its appearance in the world markets, in Mexico it＇s also on that date that the first companies are formed, today there are only four mobile companies that compete strongly for the Mexican market, In this article we use the logistic model （S - shaped logistic curve）, which describes competitive environments, especially for the popularization of new technologies, to describe the dynamics of the telecommunications sector in Mexico and the probability of the companies to fail and disappear in the market. In economic articles, we see more attention to the dynamics of monopolistic competition and power companies, but it is less used the study of the sales dynamics of the sector and the curves that represent it. The proposed model uses as data the total number of subscribers to mobile phone lines to generate the logistic curves of each company and the total market, in search of main points singularities and stability conditions as predictors of the extinction of technologies and the shot-down of companies in the sector.

Preoperative detection and localization of small bowel hemangioma: Two case reports

Among the various diagnostic modalities for small bowel hemangioma, video capsule endoscopy (VCE) and double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) can be recommended as part of the work-up in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). DBE is superior to VCE in the accuracy of diagnosis and therapeutic potential, while in most cases total enteroscopy cannot be achieved through only the antegrade or retrograde DBE procedures. As treatment for small bowel bleeding, especially spout bleeding, localization of the lesion for the decision of DBE insertion facilitates early treatment, such as endoscopic hemostatic clipping, allowing patients to avoid useless transfusion and the worsening of their disease into life-threatening status. Applying endoscopic India ink marking prior to laparoscopic surgical resection is a particularly useful technique for more minimally invasive treatment. We report two cases of small bowel hemangioma found in examinations for OGIB that were treated with combination of laparoscopic and endoscopic modalities.

An experimental study on thermal characteristics of nanofluid with graphene and multi-wall carbon nanotubes

High-thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluid is one of the promising topics of the nanoscience research field. This work reports the experimental study on the preparation of graphene(GN) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) based nanofluids with the assistance of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) surfactants, and their thermal behaviors. The present work suggests not a solution, but a solution approach and deduces a new conclusion by trying to resolve the agglomeration problem and improve the dispersibility of nanoparticles in the base fluid. The analysis results of FESEM, thermal conductivity, diffusivity, effusivity and heat transfer coefficient enhancement ratio of nanofluid with surfactants SDS and SDBS expose strong evidence of the dispersing effect of surfactant on the making of nanofluid.

Social spatial changes： Booster for a new regional policy——The event of Silao and Romita counties in Guanajuato Mexico

Today, one of the most important phenomenons is the movement of Capital and the expansion of its investments, as well as the use of resources worldwide. The movement of Capital, is changing the local space and the territories, because is not a homogeneous process; they are not in the same way and rhythm, this is because they don＇t get in the same way to global dynamics. The reorganization of the world, because the movements in Capital is a challenge, that is why, the analysis of regions demand new and different views, to boost regional development. We can tell that since a long time ago, had been developing theories and proposals not good enough, for this reason we must think to generate new proposals. The goal of this paper, is to expose the social and territorial changes in Silao and Romita Counties in the state of Guanajuato Mexico, as a result of the relocation of economic activities that lead us to start a new regional policy, that gives more satisfactory results and think about a regional policy that could reflex about territorial development focuses, specially for a public policy.

Turbidite Petroleum Geology Updates in the Deepwater and Subsalt Gulf of Mexico

The past six years （2008-2014） was a prosperous time for exploration and production in the dGOM （deepwater Gulf of Mexico）. Recent exploration and production activities can be divided into three major categories： drilling new wildcat wells, appraising and developing newly discovered fields and enhanced oil recovery of mature fields. Seismic imaging, complex geology, high pressure drilling, greater depth, and higher temperature are key challenges for the exploration and production of dGOM reservoirs. Complex geology includes salt-related structures and traps, reservoir compartmentalization, and the sequence stratigraphy of turbidite reservoirs. Turbidite sequence stratigraphy helps the asset team to fred the best target intervals. Sheet and channelized sandstones with good downdip aquifer support are preferred reservoir conditions. All the drilling, development and production challenges are related to high pressure, greater depth, higher temperature and lack of existing field analogs. Various IOR （improved oil recovery） methods are studied and applied in the development stage of the Wilcox fields, which have an average primary recovery factor of 10%-15%. With ideal tabular reservoir geometry and IOR methods, recovery factor of the Wilcox reservoirs can reach up to 42% of OOIP （origional oil in place） through the field life cycle.

Evaluation of substrates for zinc negative electrode in acid PbO_2–Zn single flow batteries

An investigation was performed on the suitability of carbon materials, metallic lead and its alloys as substrates for zinc negative electrode in acid PbO2-Zn single flow batteries. The zinc deposition process was carried out in the mediumofl mol.L 1H2SO4 at room temperature. No maximum current appears on the potentiostatic current transients for the zinc deposition on lead and its alloys. With increasing overpotential, the progressive nucleation turns to be a 3D-instantaneous nucleation process for the resin-graphite composite. Hydrogen evolution on the graphite composite is effectively suppressed with the doping of a polymer resin. The hydrogen evolution reaction on the lead is relatively weak, while on the lead alloys, it becomes serious to a certain degree. Although the ex- change current density of zinc deposition and dissolution process on the graphite composite is relatively low, the zinc corrosion is weakened to a great extent. With the increase of deposition time, zinc deposits are more compact. The cyclings of zinc galvanostatic charge-discharge on the graphite composite provide more than 90% of coulombic and 80% of energy efficiencies, and exhibit superior cycling stability during the first 10 cycles.

Fabrication of micro-flow channels on graphite composite bipolar plates using microplaning

A new method of manufacturing micro-flow channels on graphite composite bipolar plate(GCBPP) microplaning using specially designed multi-tooth tool is proposed. In this method, several or even dozens of parallel micro-flow channels ranging from 100 μm to 500 μm in width can be produced simultaneously. But, edge chippings easily occur on the rib surface of GCBPP during microplaning due to brittleness of graphite composites. Experimental results show that edge chippings result in the increase of contact resistance between bipolar plate and carbon paper at low compaction force. While the edge chippings scarcely exert influence on the contact resistance at high compaction force. Contrary to conventional view, the edge chippings can significantly improve performance of microfuel cell and big edge chippings outperform small edge chippings. In addition, the influence of technical parameters on edge chippings was investigated in order to obtain big, but not oversized edge chippings.

Quantity and Quality of Water in the River LermamLake Chapala Watershed, Mexico

Water overexploitation in the Lerma-Chapala Watershed, located in central Mexico, is linked to the development of a strong federal hydrocracy with the mission to capture as much water as possible in order to satisfy social and political demands through the construction of dams and irrigation systems. The reduction in freshwater quantity and the deterioration of water quality are the outcome of industrial inflows, agriculture and urban untreated wastewater. This study has been leaded to determine hydrological, water quality, seed bioassays and the lake fisheries＇ decreases throughout its historical tendencies （1980-2004） in relation to changes in water levels. Hydrological data and water samples for chemical analysis, inorganic nutrients and seed bioassay, were taken from 10 sites alongside the river and two sites from Lake Chapala in years 2005 and 2009, the WQINsF （National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index） was estimated. The dissolved oxygen along the river was from anoxic （0.4） to 7 mg/L and the lake had 6.75 mg/L to 7.36 mg/L; the river had highest nutrients variations, Ntot and Ptot 1 mg/L to 〉 10 mg/L. The lake had few physicochemical variations and the lowest nutrient concentrations; WQINsF （water quality index） in the river-lake system showed very bad-bad quality and contamination in river, bad quality-light contamination in lake. Seed bioassays showed inhibition of root elongation and declining fisheries when low water levels were presented. Chapala Lake had better physicochemical and limnological conditions because of the wind action and water column mixing; in contrast the river, high hidrological variations caused by water administration in middle basin.

Heat Transfer Performance of a Multi-heat Pipe Using Graphene Oxide/Water Nanofluid

A multi-heat pipe is a device for heat transmission. It is composed of a heating section, a cooling section and an adiabatic section. The heating and cooling sections are the same and both are connected by four circular parallel tubes. This experimental study is performed to investigate heat transfer performance of a multi-heat pipe in the vertical orientation using pure water and GO （graphene oxide）/water nanofluid. GO/water nanofluids were synthesized by the modified Hummers method with 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.2% volume concentrations. The thermal performance has been investigated with varying heat flux in the range of 10-30 W and 100% fill charge ratio. Wall temperature, thermal resistance, and heat transfer coefficient of the heat pipe are measured and compared with those for the heat pipe using pure water. The experimental results show that the evaporator wall temperature with GO nanofluid is lower than that of the base fluid. Also, the heat pipe that charged with nanofluids showed lower thermal resistance compared with pure water. Heat transfer enhancement is caused by suspended nanoparticles and is pronounced with the increase in particle volume fraction.