The human skulls studied in the present paper come from the Sodungbrak cemetery of the 5^th to 3^rd centuries BC in Qapqal County, Xinjiang. Based on the tomb structure and pottery form, they are believed to have been...The human skulls studied in the present paper come from the Sodungbrak cemetery of the 5^th to 3^rd centuries BC in Qapqal County, Xinjiang. Based on the tomb structure and pottery form, they are believed to have been concerned with the Saka nomadizing in this area for a long period. There are 13 males and 10 females among the 23 individuals that can be morphologically examined and measured. The research results suggest that this group of people can be divided into two subgroups according to their physical features. Subgroup Ⅰ is close to the Central Asian Mesopotamia type, and Subgroup Ⅱ to the Paleo-Europoid type. Compared with ancient populations in adjacent regions, Subgroup Ⅰ shows closeness to the Alay-Saka-Wusun, Shihezi-Nanshan and Tianshan-Saka-Wusun groups, while Subgroup Ⅱ to the Gumugou, Minusinsk-Andronovo and Yanbrak-C groups.展开更多
Experiments of local scouring around three piers were carried out under steady clear-water conditions. We investigated the role of pier spacing and flow rate in scour depth and progression. The scour-hole depth around...Experiments of local scouring around three piers were carried out under steady clear-water conditions. We investigated the role of pier spacing and flow rate in scour depth and progression. The scour-hole depth around the upstream pier was the same as that for single piers and independent of pier spacing. The scour behavior of the middle and downstream piers progressed through a synchronous scouring region, a transition region, and a radical deviation region as the fluid velocity increased. The critical velocity from the synchronous scouring region to the transition region for the middle and downstream piers was the same, which linearly increased with pier spacing. The degree of deviation in the radical deviation region for the middle and downstream piers was dependent on the pier spacing. The critical velocity from the transition region to the radical deviation region for the middle pier increased with the pier spacing. When the spacing was larger than 11 times the diameter of a pier, the scour depths of the three-pier configuration were the same as for the single piers, which indicates the limit of inter-pier fluid–structure interaction. Finally, the data from this study are used to derive adjustment factors to predict the local scour depth around three piers.展开更多
文摘The human skulls studied in the present paper come from the Sodungbrak cemetery of the 5^th to 3^rd centuries BC in Qapqal County, Xinjiang. Based on the tomb structure and pottery form, they are believed to have been concerned with the Saka nomadizing in this area for a long period. There are 13 males and 10 females among the 23 individuals that can be morphologically examined and measured. The research results suggest that this group of people can be divided into two subgroups according to their physical features. Subgroup Ⅰ is close to the Central Asian Mesopotamia type, and Subgroup Ⅱ to the Paleo-Europoid type. Compared with ancient populations in adjacent regions, Subgroup Ⅰ shows closeness to the Alay-Saka-Wusun, Shihezi-Nanshan and Tianshan-Saka-Wusun groups, while Subgroup Ⅱ to the Gumugou, Minusinsk-Andronovo and Yanbrak-C groups.
基金supported by the China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(Grant No.51125034)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51279046)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2014B00114)the National Basic Research Program of China(“973”Project)(Grant No.2011CB403303)Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province plans to graduate research and innovation(Grant No.146)
文摘Experiments of local scouring around three piers were carried out under steady clear-water conditions. We investigated the role of pier spacing and flow rate in scour depth and progression. The scour-hole depth around the upstream pier was the same as that for single piers and independent of pier spacing. The scour behavior of the middle and downstream piers progressed through a synchronous scouring region, a transition region, and a radical deviation region as the fluid velocity increased. The critical velocity from the synchronous scouring region to the transition region for the middle and downstream piers was the same, which linearly increased with pier spacing. The degree of deviation in the radical deviation region for the middle and downstream piers was dependent on the pier spacing. The critical velocity from the transition region to the radical deviation region for the middle pier increased with the pier spacing. When the spacing was larger than 11 times the diameter of a pier, the scour depths of the three-pier configuration were the same as for the single piers, which indicates the limit of inter-pier fluid–structure interaction. Finally, the data from this study are used to derive adjustment factors to predict the local scour depth around three piers.
