权力场“话”权利——从士权与君权的角度对秦汉士人的政治学分析

权力与权利是一对孪生兄弟,也永远是政治的核心,更是政治学研究的关键。秦汉社会在专制王权的笼罩之下,士人努力在政治场中寻求与君王的"对话",以话语权来获得支配权。对此,通过士人在王权政治舞台上的表现来尝试对士权与君权的关系进行分析。

由封建社会中的士权与皇权之争看中国伦理人物画的衰变

中国封建社会由来已久的皇权与士权的博弈过程自然影响到表现伦理道德的人物画,其形式及内容承载了一定的政治意义。以马麟为代表的画家所创作的人物画所展现出的新特质,体现了宋代是封建社会的转折点。

皇权与士权消长中的九品中正制度

九品中正制是魏晋南北朝颇具时代特色的选官制度。它在皇权与士权制衡消长的过程中,孕育、产生、发展,直至衰亡。它与当时特殊的社会政治背景相纠结,从皇权对士权的削夺与优容,到士权对皇权的威胁与挑战,在一定程度上都以它为凭借。本文将试图揭示这一发展的动态过程,并探寻贯穿其中的历史发展的内在脉络。

从“风角杀人”到党锢之祸

汉末张成用风角推占有赦,遂教子杀人,时任地方长官的李膺违背赦令将其子正法,这件事成为党锢之祸的导火索。张成为什么可以凭风角推占有赦?风角是汉代非常流行的一种占术,它之所以能预测政治,是和汉代以天道决人事的灾异谴告思想分不开的。由于灾异思想的影响,汉末的赦令非常频繁,严重干扰了法律的正常实施,早已遭到士大夫的批评。在汉末皇权和士权紧张对立的情况下,这个事件导致了皇权对士权的压制,因而引发了波及全国的党锢之祸。

Influential factors and correlation analysis of hospital ethical climate and psychological empowerment of ICU nurses

Background and aims:Objective To investigate the current situation of ICU nurses'hospital ethical climate in China and analyze the correlation and influencing factors of hospital ethical climate.In order to provide a new direction and idea for creating the good hospital ethical climate,relieving the nurses'job burnout and stabilizing the nursing team.Methods:A total of 226 ICU nurses from 6 tertiary Tianjin hospitals were selected as subjects,and the Chinese version hospital ethical climate scale and psychological empowerment scale were used for investigation.Results:The gender and labor relationship of ICU nurses affected the perception of nurses'hospital ethical climate;hospital ethical climate and psychological empowerment were positively correlated;stepwise regression analysis showed that labor relationship and psychological empowerment can explain 58.5%variation rate of hospital ethical climate.Conclusion:We should pay attention to the current situation of the hospital ethical climate of ICU nurses.Managers should create a comfortable working environment not only to provide good material conditions for nurses and transfer of right,but also to pay attention to the nurses'mental state and negative impact of ethical issues.Hospital managers should reasonably allocate human resources,establish effective incentive and assessment standards,reasonable reward and punishment system and promotion mechanism.To provide comprehensive learning resources and channels.To improve nurses'awareness of their own professional value.Creating a harmonious and positive hospital ethical climate,reduce the impact of ethical issues on nurses,improve nurses'enthusiasm and satisfaction.