某单缸柴油机表面辐射噪声源试验分析与改进

针对某单缸柴油机表面辐射噪声过大,整机声功率级超标的问题,采用9点声功率法与近场声压扫描阵面法相结合的识别方法,进行了柴油机主要表面辐射噪声源识别的试验分析,发现齿轮室盖、油底壳、水油箱是单缸柴油机主要表面噪声源的主要辐射部件。通过采用频谱分析方法,进一步研究了主要辐射部件振动特性与表面噪声辐射特性之间的关系。在此基础上,设计了一种具有高插入损失的紧贴式齿轮室盖隔声结构、选择了具有高阻尼特性的复合阻尼钢板油底壳、选取了新型尼龙合金复合材料制造的水油箱来降低单缸柴油机的表面辐射噪声。综合以上各种降噪方法,使得单缸柴油机整机噪声水平降低了1.5dB(A),优于国家标准要求。

V型双缸柴油机噪声源识别试验研究

以某V型双缸柴油机为研究对象,结合单缸熄火法与近场声压扫描法对该柴油机噪声源进行识别试验研究。首先,在不同工况下采用单缸熄火法分离出燃烧噪声和机械噪声,量化内部激励噪声源对整机噪声的贡献度,识别在工况下燃烧噪声和机械噪声的辐射频谱特性;然后,利用近场声压扫描快速定位工况下主要辐射表面的主要辐射部件,识别燃烧噪声和机械噪声的主要传递路径;最后,根据识别结果进行隔声降噪试验验证。该识别方法可为明确柴油机降噪方向与降噪具体目标提供参考。

Experimental investigation on mechanical behaviors of granites after high-temperature exposure

To investigate the influence of temperature on the physical,mechanical and acoustic emission characteristics of granites,uniaxial compression test,variable-angle shear test,acoustic emission signal monitoring and the measurement of physical parameters including mass,size and P-wave velocity were carried out on granite samples treated at temperatures T ranging from 25 to 900℃.The results show that the density and P-wave velocity decrease gradually with increasing T.As the temperature increases,the peak compressive stress decreases while the peak strain increases,due to the fact that a high temperature induces the escaping of waters within granites,the expanding of mineral grains and the generations of fractures.With the increment of T,both the peak shear stress and the cohesion decrease,whereas the frictional angle increases.During the compressing and shearing tests,the maximum acoustic emission counts show a decreasing trend when T increases from 25 to 900℃.When T exceeds 573℃,the crystal lattice structure of quartz changes fromα-phase toβ-phase,decreasing the mechanical behavior of granites to a great extent.In addition,the results also indicate that T=500−600℃ is the critical temperature ramge to characterize the influence of temperature on the physical,mechanical and acoustic emission characteristics of granites.