胆囊内隆起性病变的超声显像特征

目的 探讨二维超声及彩色多普勒血流显像 (CDFI)对胆囊内隆起性病变的超声图像改变。方法 观察 6 8例胆囊内隆起性病变超声特征及血流供应情况。结果 二维超声可显示病变形态、大小 ;CDFI在胆囊癌组病灶内显示为较丰富高速高阻型血流 ,良性病变组则显示较少或无血流信号。结论 超声显像对胆囊内良恶性病变诊断效果好 ,是一种无创性可重复和经济的影像检查方法。

膀胱平滑肌瘤的超声表现

膀胱平滑肌瘤是一种发病率极低的膀胱良性肿瘤,来源于间叶组织。本组收集了经手术病理证实的膀胱平滑肌瘤16例,分析其声图像特征,以期提高超声医师对该病的认识,为临床诊断提供更多的信息。

原发性胆囊癌超声诊断分析

目的:旨在探寻原发性胆囊癌声像图规律,为临床诊治提供可靠依据。方法:对经手术病理证实的38例原发性胆囊癌的超声图像特征及临床特点进行了综合分析。结果:阐明了胆囊形态大小,囊壁、粘膜面改变,实质肿块回声及其它临床特征在原发性胆囊癌的诊断价值。

超声诊断胆囊疾病对选择性腹胆镜切除术的应用价值

目的 观察超声对选择性腹胆镜的诊断应用价值。方法 用超声诊断对1382例胆囊疾病推荐腹胆镜手术结果进行对照。结果 超声诊断符合率为98．84％。结论 超声诊断胆囊疾病简便、准确，对选择性腹胆镜有重要价值。

超声诊断胎儿淋巴囊肿30例分析

胎儿淋巴囊肿是一种比较少见的胎儿畸形，是由于胎儿淋巴系统梗阻所致。我们收集的30例孕期12～28周胎儿淋巴囊肿病例超声图像特征，现分析报告如下。

胰腺假性囊肿内镜超声图像的特征

目的 研究胰腺假性囊肿内镜超声图像的特征,探讨内镜超声在胰腺假性囊肿诊断中的价值。方法 对35例胰腺假性囊肿患者进行超声内镜检查。结果 在35例胰腺假性囊肿中,单发31例,多发4例,共有囊肿41个;位于胰头13个,胰体3个,胰尾19个,胰体尾6个。囊壁光滑29例,毛糙6例;囊液透声良好19例,有絮状回声16例,囊内有分隔1例,囊壁有钙化1例,伴有胰管扩张7例;胰腺实质回声不均匀21例,胰实质钙化4例,胰腺萎缩2例,胰腺癌2例,胰腺未见异常6例。5例在胃肠道有压迹,其中1例压迫十二指肠降段致梗阻;胃底静脉曲张4例,2例引起消化道出血。结论 内镜超声可以清晰显示囊肿的大小、部位、形态以及与胰腺的关系,且能进行EUS引导下的穿刺检查,对假性囊肿的诊断和鉴别诊断均有重要意义。

中孕急诊B超33例的体会

目的:了解中孕急诊B超的病因及其超声图像特征,提高诊断准确率。方法:回顾性分析近5年来我院中期妊娠因阴道流血、腹痛或其它不适来院就诊并做急诊B超33例的图像特征,全部病例均经手术病理或临床随访证实。结果:33例中孕急诊B超可分为宫内性与宫外性原因两大类。宫内性有晚期流产3例占9.1％,胎死宫内4例占12.1％,胎盘前置状态5例占15.2％,胎盘早剥5例占15.2％,宫颈机能不全2例占6.1％,葡萄胎1例,宫颈息肉1例,各占3.0％。宫外性有急性阑尾炎3例占9.1％,急性胰腺炎1例占3.0％,泌尿系结石2例占6.1％,附件肿块3例占9.1％,胆囊结石或炎症2例占6.1％,肠梗阻1例占3.0％。并各有其超声图像特征。超声诊断符合率达87.9％。结论:超声对中孕急诊有很高的诊断价值,但有一定的假阴性,应引起重视。

彩色多普勒诊断胎儿宫内窘迫的临床价值

目的 应用彩色多普勒血流显像 (CDFI)探讨胎儿宫内窘迫 (IFD)的主要原因 ,判断胎儿生理病理状态和预后。 方法 对 2 8例经产后确诊为胎儿宫内窘迫的临床病例进行回顾性分析 ,并对二维灰阶超声 ( 2DE)和彩色多普勒血流显像 (CDFI)法诊断脐带异常进行对比分析。 结果 胎心率、胎动异常是判断胎儿有无缺氧和缺氧程度的主要指标 ;脐带、羊水异常是造成胎儿宫内窘迫的主要原因。应用CDFI超声产前诊断与产后诊断符合率 10 0 % ,应用二维灰阶超声产前诊断与产后诊断符合率 89%。 结论 CDFI超声较 2DE监测本病快捷、准确和直观 ,测量简单 ,为临床提供重要参考依据 ,对提高胎儿质量、预防和降低围产期胎儿死亡率具有重要的临床价值。

Sonographic features of duodenal lipomas in eight clinicopathologically diagnosed patients

AIM:To investigate the sonographic features and diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for duodenal lipomas (DLs).METHODS:A total of eight consecutive patients with DL diagnosed pathologically were included in the study.One EUS expert reviewed the ultrasonic images for all lesions,including the original layer of the duodenal wall,the echo intensity and the echo homogeneity.The size of the lesions and the perifocal structures were also investigated.The diagnosis by EUS was compared with the histological results.RESULTS:Using routine endoscopy,only one case was correctly diagnosed as DL.Four cases were classified as submucosal tumors,and three cases were mistaken for stromal tumors.All tumors appeared as round or oval intensive hyperechoic lesions with distinct anterior borders that originated from the submucosal layer on EUS.Tumors ranged from 8 to 36 mm in size,with an average size of 16 mm.Homogeneous echogenicity was seen in all cases except one that had a tubular structure inside the tumor.Echo attenuation was observed only in the area behind the tumors in five cases,and it was observed both inside and behind the tumors in three cases in which the posterior border was obscure or invisible.Seven (87.5%) cases were correctly diagnosed as DL,and one (12.5%) was mistaken as Brunner's gland adenoma by EUS.Pathologically,all tumors originated from the submucosal layer and consisted of mature fat cells without heteromorphism.Among the fat cells,there was a small amount of thick-wall vessels infiltrating the lymphocytes,and abundant fibrous connective tissues.CONCLUSION:On EUS,DL is featured as an intensive homogeneous hyperechoic submucosal lesion with marked echo attenuation and without involvement of the mucosa.

CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO－DIMENSIONAL AND COLOR DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN GRAVES＇DISEASE

Color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI) was performed in 24 patients with Graves' disease and the results were compared with those from 8 patients with Hashimoto's disease, 6 patients with simple diffuse goiter, and 15 normal volunteers. All cases were confirmed by clinical, laboratory tests or pathology. CDFI of Graves' disease showed diffuse or localized hypoechoes within the thyroid glands, rich flow signals in the hypoechoes, accelerated flow velocity, and decreased resistance in the superior thyroid arteries(STA) and arteries within the glands. These appearances were characteristic as compared with the controls. The rate of flow in STA of Graves' disease patients was 8 to 10 times higher than that in the normal volunteers. This study demonstrates that CDFI is convenient and efficient as compared with isotope scan and some other laboratory tests, and can be widely used in the diagnosis of Graves' disase.

EVALUATION OF THE DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR THE LOCALIZATION OF ACQUIRED ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULAS BY COLOR DOPPLER FLOW IMAGING

Objective. To evaluate the diagnostic criteria for the localization of acquired arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) by color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) based on the features of their hemodynamic changes. Methods. The shape and hemodynamic changes of involved vessels which could be helpful to localize the sites of fistulas were studied according to the observation of 10 cases of acquired AVFs. Results. The sites of the fistulas could be shown by two dimensional ultrasonography and color flow imaging in 40%and 80%cases, respectively. In all cases, turbulent high velocity flow was present at the sites of the fistulas, low resistant flow was present in the arteries proximal to the fistulas, and artery like flow was detected in the veins. Conclusion. CDFI was accurate for the localization of acquired AVFs, which were mainly localized by their hemodynamic changes shown by pulse Doppler ultrasound.

STATISTICAL PROBABILITY BASED ALGORITHM FOR EXTRACTING FEATURE POINTS IN 2-DIMENSIONAL IMAGE

An algorithm for automatically extracting feature points is developed after the area of feature points in 2-dimensional (2D) imagebeing located by probability theory, correlated methods and criterion for abnormity. Feature points in 2D image can be extracted only by calculating standard deviation of gray within sampled pixels area in our approach statically. While extracting feature points, the limitation to confirm threshold by tentative method according to some a priori information on processing image can be avoided. It is proved that the proposed algorithm is valid and reliable by extracting feature points on actual natural images with abundant and weak texture, including multi-object with complex background, respectively. It can meet the demand of extracting feature points of 2D image automatically in machine vision system.

Ultrasonographic Characteristics of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of the Pancreas

Objective To analyze the clinical and ultrasonographic imaging features of intraductal papillary mutinous neoplasm （1PMN） of the pancreas. Methods Twelve patients with IPMN underwent surgery between May 2005 and December 2008, including 4 （33.3%） with adenoma and 8 （66.7%） with adenocarcinoma. IPMN was classified preoperatively into 3 types based on sonographic findings of different sites： main duct, branch duct, and combined type. All clinical presentations and ultrasonographic findings of those paticnts were reviewed and the correlation be- tween ultrasonographic hndings and histopathological results was analyzed. Results There were 9 men and 3 women with a mean age of 60.1±9.6 years （range, 32-73）. OF all the 12 patients with IPMN, 9 （75.0%） had experienced some symptoms of epigastric discomfort and/or pain as cell as backache; 7 cases were with medical history of acute pancreatitis, 5 cases with diabetes, 4 cases with elevated CA19-9, and 2 cases with steatorrhea. All lesions of IPMN have been revealed by transabdominal ul- trasonography. The mean diameters of the lesions were 1.4±0.8 cm （range, 0.5-2.0） and 6.3±6.0 cm （range, 2.0-20.0） in adenomas and adenocarcinomas, respectively. And the mean diameters of the main duct in adelnomas and adenocarcinomas were 1.0±0.8 cm and 1.6±1.0 cm, respectively. Among the 4 adnomas, 3 （75.0%） cases were classified as branch type based on sonographic findings, and 2 were demonstrated as mural nodules in which no color signals was detected. Among the 8 adenocarcinomas, 5 （62.5%） cases were classifled as main duct type, and 3 （37.5%） as combined type. In 7 of the 8 adcnocarcinomas, mural nodules were detected within the dilated ducts or cysts of the lesions in which color flow signals were detected. Conclusions Transabdominal ultrasonography can reveal the pancreatic cystic lesions of IPMN as well as dilated pancreatic： ducts. Some characteristics should be noticed as suggesting the possibility of malignancy： clinical symptoms of pancreatic insufficiency, large tumor size, and mural nodules with color Doppler flow signals. Transabdominal ultrasonography could be a useful tool to help diagnose and make appropriate management of IPMN.

An Automated Approach to Passive Sonar Classification Using Binary Image Features

This paper proposes a new method for ship recognition and classification using sound produced and radiated underwater. To do so, a three-step procedure is proposed. First, the preprocessing operations are utilized to reduce noise effects and provide signal for feature extraction. Second, a binary image, made from frequency spectrum of signal segmentation, is formed to extract effective features. Third, a neural classifier is designed to classify the signals. Two approaches, the proposed method and the fractal-based method are compared and tested on real data. The comparative results indicated better recognition ability and more robust performance of the proposed method than the fractal-based method. Therefore, the proposed method could improve the recognition accuracy of underwater acoustic targets.

常见眼内疾病的三维超声表现初探

目的探讨眼内常见疾病的三维超声图像特征表现.方法应用三维超声重建技术对常见眼内疾病进行三维超声成像并描述其成像特征.图像采集方式为无定位系统的自由臂扫查,扫查时间为3～5 s.结果 48只患眼中46只获得较为满意的三维图像,患眼内视网膜脱离、脉络膜脱离、玻璃体内机化物的立体形态及范围,晶状体脱离及玻璃体内异物的空间位置,球内肿瘤的立体结构、表面及内部的特征均清晰可见.结论三维超声不但具有采集时间短的优点,而且所重建图像形象、直观、立体感强、空间位置关系明确,同时可观察到病变的表面及内部的细微结构特征,弥补了二维超声的不足,为眼内疾病的诊断提供了更多的信息.

超声检查对阑尾炎的诊断价值

目的探讨阑尾炎的超声图像特征和超声检查对阑尾炎的诊断价值。方法应用低频及高频超声对200例可疑阑尾炎进行右下腹及全腹检查，发现异常回声，测量其范围，观察周边及内部情况，总结分析其声像图特点。结果所有病例均经手术与病理证实，阑尾炎的超声诊断符合率为87％。结论高频超声对阑尾炎的直观显示可为临床提供客观的诊断依据。