国产走航式声学海流剖面仪的应用分析

针对国产走航式声学海流剖面仪的应用性能进行评价,为用户及生产厂家提供借鉴。首先,就国产走航式声学海流剖面仪的实际数据,从不同角度和层面,全面分析和考察了其测量数据的各项性能,有针对性地绘制了各类图件,并通过数据质量、数据有效性、测流精度、测流深度等各方面的分析比对,对国产走航式声学海流剖面仪做出定性评价。其次,通过与国外同类仪器的以往应用情况进行对比分析,发现在船只转向和往复航行、加速和减速航行、高速航行时,国产走航式声学海流剖面仪表现更佳。最后,基于应用中的不足给出相关建议。

基于ARM的声学海流剖面仪信号模拟器的设计与实现

根据声学海流剖面仪接收的单频脉冲信号和M序列编码的信号形式,设计了一种S3C2410芯片下基于SPI总线接口技术的声学海流剖面仪信号模拟器。该信号模拟器即能够产生单频脉冲信号又可以产生M序列编码信号,以便提供给声学剖面仪调试使用。模拟器的设计包括了硬件电路设计和软件设计。其中主要完成了SPI接口部分电路设计,编写了LINUX操作系统下SPI驱动程序及上层应用程序。最终设计出来的信号模拟器可以顺利产生这两类信号,从而达到了调试模拟声学海流剖面仪的目的。

声学多普勒海流剖面仪

本文介绍ＡＤＣＰ发展概况、测量原理、系统设计、系统组成、信号处理方法及误差分析等。

ADCP坐底验潮数据在海上油气田开发中的应用

在海上油气田开发过程中,海洋环境贯穿勘探、开发、钻井、工程、生产及弃置全部环节,海洋水文信息对场址勘察、平台建设和后期运营均有重要意义。采用坐底式声学多普勒海流剖面仪(ADCP)对拟建海底设施区域进行了为期31 d的全剖面海流观测,基于数据分析结果,获得了不同层位潮流流速、流向等水文信息,切实提供了有效的环境参数支持。

基于PAADCP的海流流速的误差分析及校正方法

为了更加合理、有效地利用海流测速数据,必须进行误差分解和校正。通过分析相控阵声学多普勒海流剖面仪(PAADCP)测试海流流速的原理,提出了海试数据粗差区别与动态校正的算法,采用小波多尺度分析方法,降低了系统误差和随机误差,建立了海流流速的误差分析与校正方法。利用海试实测的垂向流速数据,分析了一般情况下的海流流速的误差,得到垂向流速的均值±0.02 m/s,误差精确度小于0.23 m/s,验证了方法的有效性及合理性。所得算法和方法对于海流测速数据的实时处理和后处理具有实用价值。

一种针对ADCP单ping流速数据的质量控制方法研究

针对TRDI公司生产的ADCP数据后处理问题,以转换至大地坐标系的.ENX格式原始数据文件为对象,提出了直接对单ping流速数据进行质量控制的处理思路。选择具有代表性的样本数据,经对比发现VTG格式的GPS地面速度信息质量优于GGA格式信息。利用VTG船速计算绝对流速,通过对比处理效果与进行显著性检验,发现箱线图法对异常值的判别效果最好。将箱线图法处理后数据按照时间间隔进行平均,并与同样本的平均数据文件比对流速的平滑性,结果表明前者的数据质量优于后者。

深海下放式声学海流剖面测量技术

下放式声学多普勒海流剖面仪（LADCP）是20世纪90年代出现的新的海流剖面测量方式，是把特制的ADCP用绞车按一定的速度下放到海底并回收到海面，在下放和回收中不断测量海流剖面，经数据反演获得全深度剖面上的海流速度。LADCP能够快速获得大范围、全深度的海流剖面，一般采用CTD／LADCP捆绑式测量。

ADCP对悬浮沉积物浓度的测量及其误差分析研究

为实时、连续地测量海水中悬浮沉积物 ,利用声学多普勒海流剖面仪(ADCP),可以在测流的同时 ,测量海洋悬浮沉积物浓度。描述了利用后散射强度 ,估计悬浮沉积物浓度的原理。在现场测试中 ,利用采水器采集水样 ,通过水样分析并结合声信号的衰减特征对ADCP的测量结果进行修正。作者还结合现场测试结果 ,对这一测量方法的精度进行了分析。现场实验表明 ,经公式校正后 ,ADCP测得的后散射强度与实测水样所获得的悬浮沉积物浓度之间有很好的相关性 ,相关系数达0.88,由此证明 ,此测量方法具有很好的实用价值和应用前景。

ADCP资料处理中的船速计算

船载ADCP具有走航测流的特点,弥补了传统测流仪器只有停船才能观测的不足。它可以同时观测多层海流数据,获取连续性资料。ADCP测得流速是海水相对于船体的速度,在正常观测条件下,船速远大于海水流速,因而船速计算是ADCP资料处理的关键。本文对不同的船速计算方法进行了比较,对使用参考层法计算船速的原理、特点和效果进行了论述。

海洋内波ADCP监测技术研究

海洋内波与声场的相互关系是一个十分重要的研究课题。内波是影响声信道特征的重要因素;反之,受内波影响的声场也包含着海洋内波动力过程的信息。针对二者之间的关系,从工程的角度上介绍了利用声学多普勒海流剖面仪(ADCP)对海洋内波进行监测的原理和方法,并结合实际的海试情况给出声学多普勒海流剖面仪对海洋内波的监测结果,验证了方法的有效性。

船载ADCP资料处理

通过对大量走航ADCP观测资料的分析,提出一整套的ADCP资料质量控制和预处理方法,并对提出的ADCP"基准流速控制"的处理方法与传统的"选取参考层法"进行了比较,证明此方法不但可有效提高ADCP资料的处理精度,并可提高资料的处理效率,减少人为的干预因素。

Observed near-inertial waves in the wake of Typhoon Hagupit in the northern South China Sea

Energetic near-inertial internal waves （NlWs） were observed on the continental slope of the northern South China Sea in September 2008. Characteristics of the observed near-inertial waves were examined based on current data recorded by a moored acoustic Doppler current profiler. Results of a simple slab model indicated that the NIWs were generated by the surface winds of Typhoon Hagupit. Following Hagupit＇s passage, the wave field was dominated by baroclinic NIWs. The near-inertial currents were surface-intensified with a maximum of 0.52 m/s but still reached 0.1 m/s at the depth of 210 m. Moreover, the near-inertial currents were clockwise-polarized and slightly elliptical. A depth-leading phase of the near- inertial currents was evident, which indicated downward energy propagation. However, the rotary vertical wavenumber spectra suggested that upward energy propagation also existed, which was consistent previous theoretical study. The frequency of the NIWs, modified by the positive background vorticity, was 0.714 2 cycles per day, which was 0.02f0 higher than the local inertial frequency （f0）. The near-inertial kinetic energy evolved exponentially and had an e-folding timescale of about 3 days. The vertical phase and group velocity were estimated to be 10 and 2.1 m/h, respectively, corresponding to a vertical wavelength of 340 m. The NlWs were dominated by the second mode with a variance contribution of 〉50%, followed by the third mode, while the first mode was insignificant.

60m船用多功能ADCP悬浮沙浓度测量及比测数据分析

本文简述了 6 0 m船用多功能 ADCP悬浮泥沙测量的理论依据 。

Analysis of Equatorial Currents Observed by Eastern Indian Ocean Cruises in 2010 and 2011

Hydrographic and direct current measurements were made in the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean in May 2010 and April 2011 as part of the Eastern Indian Ocean Cruises(EIOC) organized by the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology(SCSIO).Analyses of the shipdrift Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler(ADCP) data indicate that the equatorial currents observed in May 2010 are characterized by a strongly eastward surface current(Wyrtki Jets,WJs) with a maximum velocity of 0.9 m s 1,while that observed in April 2011 is weak and without a consistent direction.The strongly eastward WJ transports the surface water eastward,resulting in a deeper upper mixed layer,as shown in the temperature and salinity profiles.However,it was found that the Equatorial Undercurrent(EUC) in the Eastern Indian Ocean is strong in April 2011 and weak in May 2010.The EUC was located approximately at the position of the thermocline,and it had higher salinity(up to approximately 35.5 psu) than the upper and lower waters.

Observations and Simulations of the Circulation and Mixing around the Andaman-Nicobar Submarine Ridge

Using data collected by an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler （ADCP） on a research cruise in April 2010 in the eastern Indian Ocean, the vertical cun＇ent structures surrounding the Andaman-Nicobar Submarine Ridge （ANSR） are analyzed to investigate the hydrographic responses to the topography in this region. The results show that the topography of ANSR can induce internal waves around the submarine ridge that have a maximum current velocity of 1 m s 1 The spatial struc- ture of the turbulent kinetic energy （TKE） and shear in this region during 2010 is investigated using the high-resolution Princeton Ocean Model （POM） forced by the satellite-based Advanced Scatterometer （ASCAT） winds including the tide, The results show that the model successfully simulates the internal waves around the ANSR. Numerical experiments further indicate that both the topography and tide play an important role in the gen- eration of the internal waves in this region.

Seasonal Suspended Particles Distribution Patterns in Western South Yellow Sea Based on Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Observation

An Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler （ADCP） observation site was set up in the Western South Yellow Sea from 2012 to 2013 to study the local suspended particle matters （SPM） distribution pattern. The SPM concentration could be semi-quantitatively represented by backscatter intensity （Sv）, converted by the echo intensity （E/） of ADCP. Results show two types of SPM in the water column： the quasi-biological SPM and quasi-mineral SPM. The quasi-biological SPM mainly exists in summer half year and is con- centrated above the thermocline. It has periodically diurnal variations with high concentration at night and low concentration in the daytime. The quasi-mineral SPM is located in lower part of the water column, with similar relation to monthly tidal current variation all year round. However, the daily quasi-mineral SPM distribution patterns vary between summer and winter half year. The sunlight is thought to be the origin factor leading to the diurnally vertical motion of the biological features, which might cause the diurnal Sv variation. Unlike in winter half year when tidal current is relatively single driving force of the monthly SPM pattern, the high speed current near the thermocline is also responsible for the concentration of quasi-mineral SPM in summer half year. The sediment input difference between summer and winter half year contribute to the varied daily variation of quasi-mineral SPM with re-suspended SPM ir~ winter and sediments from Yellow Sea Mud Area （YSMA） in summer. The seasonal variations in hydrodynamics, water structure and heavy-wind incidents are the primary factors influencing the differential seasonal SPM distribution patterns.

The upper-ocean response to typhoons as measured at a moored acoustic Doppler current profiler

A moored acoustic Doppler current profiler(ADCP) data,satellite-derived sea surface wind data,and the chlorophyll-a concentration were used to examine the influence of typhoon events on the upper ocean in the central Luzon Strait. The data were collected between August 27 and October 6,2011. Large changes in ocean dynamics and marine life were recorded in the upper layers over the short term during the transit of each of the three violent typhoons that passed over the region during the study period. The geostrophic flow during the period of ADCP monitoring was comparable to the Ekman flow,recently shown to be prominent in the upper layer. Based on the influence of the three typhoon events that swept the Luzon Strait or traversed Luzon Island on their way to the South China Sea,we postulated a typhoon-induced upwelling around the ADCP and found that upward isothermal displacements reached 11.8–39.0 m,which was confirmed by the sea-level anomaly data recorded at the same time. This variability in the upper ocean may play an important role in biological activity,especially in offshore deep-sea regions.

国内相控阵ADCP技术的开发研究

声学多普勒海流剖面仪(ADCP)是海洋勘测领域的一项高新技术,ADCP的相控阵技术在换能器阵体积重量不增大的条件下进一步提高了测量范围和测速精度。本文着重介绍我们开发相控阵ADCP的情况及实时处理的湖上试验结果。试验表明相控阵ADCP测流原理是可行的,测量精度可达到1cm/s。

Temporal variations in internal tide multimodal structure on the continental shelf, South China Sea

Temporal variations in multimodal structures of diurnal( D_1) and semidiurnal( D_2) internal tides were investigated on the continental slope of the Dongsha Plateau, based on 2-month moored acoustic Doppler current profiler observations. Harmonic analysis indicated that the D_1 components( K_1 and O_1) dominated the internal tide field. The vertical structure of the K_1 constituent presented a first-mode structure while the M_2 constituent seemed to exhibit a high-mode structure. Amplitude spectra analysis of the current data revealed differences in baroclinic current amplitudes between different water depths. Temporal variations in modal structures ware analyzed, based on the D_1 and D_2 baroclinic tides extracted from the baroclinic velocity field with band-pass filters. Analysis showed that the magnitude of the D_1 internal tide current was much larger than the D_2 current, and temporal variations in the modal structure of the D_1 internal tide occurred on an approximately fortnightly cycle. The EOF analyses revealed temporal transformation of multimodal structures for D_1 and D_2 internal tides. The enhancement of the D_1 internal tide was mainly due to the superposition of K_1 and O_1, according to the temporal variation of coherent kinetic energy.

Characteristics of nonlinear internal waves observed in the northern South China Sea

The South China Sea(SCS) is one of the most active areas of internal waves.We undertook a program of physical oceanography in the northern South China Sea from June to July of 2009,and conducted a 1-day observation from 15:40 of June 24 to 16:40 of June 25 using a chain of instruments,including temperature sensors,pressure sensors and temperature-pressure meters at a site(117.5°E,21°N) northeast of the Dongsha Islands.We measured fluctuating tidal and subtidal properties with the thermistor-chain and a ship-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler,and observed a large-amplitude nonlinear internal wave passing the site followed by a number of small ones.To further investigate this phenomenon,we collected the tidal constituents from the TPXO7.1 dataset to evaluate the tidal characteristics at and around the recording site,from which we knew that the amplitude of the nonlinear internal wave was about 120 m and the period about 20 min.The horizontal and vertical velocities induced by the soliton were approximately 2 m/s and 0.5 m/s,respectively.This soliton occurred 2-3 days after a spring tide.