潜艇使用声抗器材防御鱼雷方案优化模型及模型求解策略

建立了基于多实体有限状态机的潜艇使用声抗器材防御鱼雷效能计算“过程仿真”模型和以此为基础的“过程仿真+方案搜索”防御方案优化模型。为降低方案优化模型的计算复杂度,设计并实现了针对“求使得过程中指标函数最小值最大方案”优化模型、提高方案优化模型求解效率的“淘汰标准即时提高、劣等方案及时淘汰”方案求解策略,并编制了单线程和多线程程序,对求解效率进行实验。实验情况表明,其可有效提高模型的求解效率。

微孔分布范围对穿孔板吸声性能的影响

根据渗入工艺加工微穿孔板吸声结构产生的微孔不规则分布的特点,研究了微孔不同分布范围的穿孔板的吸声特性。研究发现,随着微孔分布范围的逐渐缩小,穿孔板的共振频率逐渐向低频方向移动。随着穿孔分布范围的变化,微穿孔板的表面法向声阻变化不大,表面法向声抗相对较大。利用穿孔板理论对微孔不同分布范围的穿孔板的吸声特性进行模拟,发现穿孔板理论仅适用于微孔分布范围较大的穿孔板。通过分析穿孔板阻抗的作用,使其在微孔分布范围较小的情况下,也能模拟穿孔板的吸声性能。

水面舰水声对抗综合仿真环境研究

在水声对抗仿真研究中,由于依据声纳方程建立的声抗模型误差较大,因此可通过信号仿真及半实物仿真方法来提高模型精度,但这将为水声对抗仿真环境的构建带来较大困难。为了尽可能真实地评估水面舰水声对抗系统对抗来袭鱼雷的作战效果,建立了包括作战平台、声抗平台以及半实物平台的水面舰水声对抗综合仿真环境。本文给出了构建该综合仿真环境的解决方法,并介绍了该环境中的三个子环境的组成及作用,而后描述了本综合仿真环境的功能及运行效果。该综合仿真环境的构建,对提高评估结果的可信度以及水面舰水声对抗系统的研制和使用有着重要的意义。

A novel approach to conductive EMI noise source modeling

A new approach to conductive electromagnetic interference （EMI） noise source modeling, i. e. the source internal impedance extraction, is presented. First, the impedance magnitude is achieved through an exciting probe and a detecting probe, or through calculations based on insertion loss measurement results when inserting a series nigh-value known impedance or a shunt low-value known impedance in the circuit. Then the impedance phase is extracted by the Hilbert transform （HT） of the logarithm of the obtained impedance magnitude. Performance studies show that the estimated phase error can increase greatly at a zero frequency in the Hilbert transform because of the existence of a singular point, and this effect can be eliminated by introducing a zero-point when the noise source does not include a series-connected capacitive component. It is also found that when the frequency is nigher than 150 kHz, the estimated phase error is not sensitive to the inductive source but sensitive to the capacitive source. Finally, under the conditions of the same measurement accuracies for impedance magnitude, the accuracy of complex impedance based on the HT can be improved about 10 times when compared with the accuracy of estimated parameters based on the impedance magnitude fitting method （IMFM）.

Design and Test of a CMOS Low Noise Amplifier in Bluetooth Transceiver

A RF low noise amplifier,integrated in a single bluetooth transceiver chip and fabricated in 0.35μm digital CMOS technology,is presented.Under the consideration of ESD protection and package,design methodology is discussed from the aspects of noise optimization,impedance match,and forward gain.At 2.05GHz,the measured S 11 is -6.4dB, S 21 is 11dB with 3dB-BW of 300MHz,and NF is about 5.3dB.It indicates that comprehensive consideration of parasitics,package model,and reasonable process is necessary for RF circuit design.

ADRC FRACTIONAL ORDER PID CONTROLLER DESIGN OF HYPERSONIC FLIGHT VEHICLE

Active disturbance rejection controller（ADRC）uses tracking-differentiator（TD）to solve the contradiction between the overshoot and the rapid nature.Fractional order proportion integral derivative（PID）controller improves the control quality and expands the stable region of the system parameters.ADRC fractional order（ADRFO）PID controller is designed by combining ADRC with the fractional order PID and applied to reentry attitude control of hypersonic vehicle.Simulation results show that ADRFO PID controller has better control effect and greater stable region for the strong nonlinear model of hypersonic flight vehicle under the influence of external disturbance,and has stronger robustness against the perturbation in system parameters.

Galvanic corrosion behavior of copper/titanium galvanic couple in artificial seawater

The corrosion behaviors of copper and copper/titanium galvanic couple （GC） in seawater were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） and electrochemical noise （EN） techniques in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy （SEM） method. The results show that the corrosion process of copper in seawater can be divided into two stages, in which corrosion resistance and SE show the same evolution trend of initial increase and subsequent decrease, while SG changes oppositely. However, the ensemble corrosion process of copper/titanium GC in seawater includes three stages, in which corrosion resistance and SE show the evolution features of initial decrease with a subsequently increase, and the final decrease again;while SG changes oppositely. The potential difference between copper and titanium in their galvanic couple can accelerate the initiation of pitting corrosion of copper, and both the minimum and maximum corrosion potentials of copper/titanium GC are much more positive than those of pure copper.

Influence of Microstructure Change of Seafloor Sediments on the Sound Velocity in them in the Course of Stress-strain

Test tools and methods for synchronizing acoustic measurements in the course of stress-strain for seafloor sediment are elaborated and the test data of 45 sediment samples from the seafloor in the South China Sea are analysed. The result shows that the coarser the sediment grains are, the smaller the porosity is and the larger the unconfined compression strength is, the higher the sound velocity is. In the course of stress-strain, the sediment sound velocity varies obviously with the stress. Acoustic characteristics of sediment in different strain phases and the influence of sediment microstructure change on its sound velocity are discussed. This study will be of important significance for surveying wells of petroleum geology and evaluating the base stabilization of seafloor engineering.

流泪

我绝不隐瞒;我常常流泪。 或许有人会嘲笑我的幼稚和软弱——一个走过多少坎坷,在岁月的风雨中跋涉了二十几年的男人,竟然常常流泪。 可我并不因此而自惭形秽。 我流泪,不是因为愤怒。 愤怒时我会双目圆睁,我会大声抗议,我会拂袖而去,我会反唇相讥……但我不会流泪。 我流泪,不是因为忧伤。 忧伤时,我会埋头读书,我会到幽静的林荫小道散步。

Sintering preparation of porous sound-absorbing materials from steel slag

Porous sound-absorbing materials were prepared from steel slag using waste expanded polystyrene（EPS） particles as pore former.The influences of the experimental conditions such as fly ash content,sintering temperature,sintering time,and pore former addition on the performance of the porous sound-absorbing materials were investigated.The results show that the porosity of the specimens can reach above 50.0%;the compressive strength and average sound-adsorption coefficient of the sintered specimens are above 3.0 MPa and 0.47,respectively.The optimum preparation conditions for the steel slag porous sound-absorbing materials are as follows：mass fraction of fly ash 50%,waste EPS particles 3.6 g,sintering temperature 1100℃,and sintering time 7.5h,which are determined by considering the properties of the sound-absorbing materials,energy consumption and cost.

Characterization of pitting corrosion of 7A60 aluminum alloy by EN and EIS techniques

The pitting corrosion behaviors of 7A60 aluminum alloy in the retrogression and re-aging （RRA） temper were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） and electrochemical noise （EN） techniques, and the microstructure and the second phase content of the alloy were observed and determined by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS）. The results show that there exist two different corrosion stages for 7A60 alloy in 3.5%NaCl solution, and the corrosion process can be detected by the appearance of EIS spectrum with two capacitive time constants and the wavelet fractal dimension D extracted from EN. SEM and EDS results also demonstrate that severe pitting corrosion in 7A60 alloy is mainly caused by electrochemical active MgZn2 particles, secondly by Al2MgCu and Mg2Si. Al7Cu2Fe particles make little contribution to the pitting corrosion of 7A60 alloy.

沐雨老区行(外一首)

六月月末,原国家外经贸部副部长程飞一行赴五台县革命老区旧地重访。其时,笔者正为编写《槐荫村志》驻足该县,故有幸忝入其列。爰赋诗一首,以志感怀。

Petrologic composition model of the upper crust in Bohai Bay basin,China,based on Lamé impedances

Seismic attributes, such as P- and S-wave velocity, Poisson＇s ratio, and acoustic impedances, all generally can be used for distinguishing different rock types. The nonuniqueness can be largely reduced using Lame impedances instead of acoustic impedances as additional constraints. We have followed this method to constitute a petrologic composition model of the upper crust in the Bohai Bay basin, China. We briefly review the seismic parameters used for discrimination of rock types and focus our attention on the sensitivity of different combinations of parameters to determine the composition of materials. Corrections for pressure and temperature are performed in order to compare elastic wave velocities and densities measured at room temperature and surface pressure in laboratory with those for representative rock parameters. In a second step, we find the rock classes in the tested area by contrasting known data to laboratory measurements on a variety of rock samples extracted in the area. The basic field data are P-wave velocity values collected along a seismic profile conducted in the Bozhong Depression. The different rock types belonging to a particular rock class are finally constrained by the seismic velocities, Poisson＇s ratio, density, acoustic impedance, and Lame imoedance related to the topmost 10 km of the Bohai Bav crust.

The application of elastic impedance inversion in reservoir prediction at the Jinan area of Tarim Oilfield

The Triassic reservoir in the Jinan area of Tarim Oilfield consists largely of interbedded sand and shale. Because of the large overlap between sandstone and shale impedance, it is difficult to distinguish sandstone from shale by acoustic impedance alone. Compared to acoustic impedance, elastic impedance contains more lithologic and physical information of the reservoir. Based on meticulous well-tie calibration, elastic impedance data volumes for 10°, 20°, and 30° emergence angles are obtained using pre-stack elastic impedance inversion. A non-linear statistical relationship between elastic impedance and shale content is set up by a PNN neural network. The non-linear mapping relationship is used to predict the reservoir shale content from elastic impedance, which will depict and predict the reservoir oil-bearing sands.

Influence of inaccurate wavelet phase estimation on seismic inversion

On the assumption that the seismic wavelet amplitude spectrum is estimated accurately, a group of wavelets with different phase spectra, regarded as estimated wavelets, are used to implement linear least-squares inversion. During inversion, except for the wavelet phase, all other factors affecting inversion results are not taken into account. The inversion results of a sparse reflectivity model （or blocky impedance model） show that： （1） although the synthetic data using inversion results matches well with the original seismic data, the inverted reflectivity and acoustic impedance are different from that of the real model. （2） the inversion result reliability is dependent on the estimated wavelet Z transform root distribution. When the estimated wavelet Z transform roots only differ from that of the real wavelet near the unit circle, the inverted reflectivity and impedance are usually consistent with the real model; （3） although the synthetic data matches well with the original data and the Cauchy norm （or modified Cauchy norm） with a constant damping parameter has been optimized, the inverted results are still greatly different from the real model. Finally, we suggest using the L1 norm, Kurtosis, variation, Cauchy norm with adaptive damping parameter or/and modified Cauchy norm with adaptive damping parameter as evaluation criteria to reduce the bad influence of inaccurate wavelet phase estimation and obtain good results in theory.

Contrast-enhanced and targeted ultrasound

Ultrasonic imaging is becoming the most popular medical imaging modality,owing to the low price per examination and its safety.However,blood is a poor scatterer of ultrasound waves at clinical diagnostic transmit frequencies.For perfusion imaging,markers have been designed to enhance the contrast in B-mode imaging.These so-called ultrasound contrast agents consist of microscopically small gas bubbles encapsulated in biodegradable shells.In this review,the physical principles of ultrasound contrast agent microbubble behavior and their adjustment for drug delivery including sonoporation are described.Furthermore,an outline of clinical imaging applications of contrast-enhanced ultrasound is given.It is a challenging task to quantify and predict which bubble phenomenon occurs under which acoustic condition,and how these phenomena may be utilized in ultrasonic imaging.Aided by high-speed photography,our improved understanding of encapsulated microbubble behavior will lead to more sophisticated detection and delivery techniques.More sophisticated methods use quantitative approaches to measure the amount and the time course of bolus or reperfusion curves,and have shown great promise in revealing effective tumor responses to anti-angiogenic drugs in humans before tumor shrinkage occurs.These are beginning to be accepted into clinical practice.In the long term,targeted microbubbles for molecular imaging and eventually for directed anti-tumor therapy are expected to be tested.

Acoustic impedance inversion of zero-offset VSP data

Highly precise acoustic impedance inversion is a key technology for pre-drilling prediction by VSP data. In this paper, based on the facts that VSP data has high resolution, high signal to noise ratio, and the downgoing and upgoing waves can be accurately separated, we propose a method of predicting the impedance below the borehole in front of the bit using VSP data. First, the method of nonlinear iterative inversion is adopted to invert for impedance using the VSP corridor stack. Then, by modifying the damping factor in the iteration and using the preconditioned conjugate gradient method to solve the equations, the stability and convergence of the inversion results can be enhanced. The results of theoretical models and actual data demonstrate that the method is effective for pre-drilling prediction using VSP data.

High-Speed,Robust CMOS Dynamic Circuit Design

A novel circuit with a narrow pulse driving structure is proposed for enhancing the noise immunity and improving the performance of wide fan-in dynamic circuits. Also,an analytical mode that agrees well with simulations is presented for transistor sizing. Simulation results show that an improvement of up to 12% over the conventional technique at 1GHz is obtained with this circuit,which can run 1.6 times faster than the existing technique with the same noise immunity.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea L.) Extracts Obtained by Classical and Ultrasound Extraction

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Echinacea purpurea L. (Asteraceae) extracts obtained by classical and ultrasound solvent extraction were compared. The dry aerial part of plant was extracted by 70% etha-nol at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1︰10 (m/v) and 25°C. The extract obtained by classical solvent extraction contained 29% larger amounts of phenolic compounds and 20% higher content of flavonoids. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picril hydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging reached 93.6% and the values of EC50 were (34.16±0.65) μg·ml-1 and (65.48±1.12) μg·ml-1 for the extracts obtained by the classical and ultrasound extractions, respectively. The extracts, independent of the extraction technique applied, showed a considerable growth inhibition on Candida albicans and Saccharo-myces cerevisiae, while no growth inhibition zones were observed for Aspergillus niger. The diameters of inhibition zone observed for all the microorganisms were larger for extracts obtained by classical extraction than those by ul-trasound extraction.