浅谈超声波桩基检测中的基本物理量

阐述了超声波与超声波基本物理量,完整解析在桩基检测中各超声波物理量的含义,分析了影响超声波波形的因素,为保证桩基工程检测质量奠定基础。

基于超声波技术的水泥混凝土公路路面隐藏病害识别方法

公路路面隐藏病害程度微小,导致对其的识别效果难以得到保障,为此,文中提出基于超声波技术的水泥混凝土路面隐藏病害识别方法,将HAD-UP2000型多功能数字式超声波探伤仪作为检测设备,结合水泥混凝土路面特性,对具体的参数进行设置,实现对水泥混凝土路面信息的获取。在路面隐藏病害识别阶段,根据测点反馈的超声波检测声时值之间的关系,确定具体的病害状态。测试结果表明,设计方法对于不同类型水泥混凝土公路路面隐藏病害的识别结果的F1-Score值始终在0.84以上。

添加氧化铝对微生物修复裂缝影响的分析

微生物修复裂缝技术由于环保经济的特点被广泛关注,但修复效率因混凝土内碱性环境受到很大影响;开展提高该技术的修复效率与效果的研究具有重要意义。探究高碱性环境下Al2O3对微生物钙化的促进作用,然后添加Al2O3对不同裂缝宽度的混凝土试件进行修复,修复中检测浸出液pH值与尿素含量,修复后通过声时值、碳酸钙生成效率、无侧限抗压强度等指标评价修复效果。结果表明:Al2O3能够降低碱性环境对细菌活性的抑制,提升其脲酶活性与碳酸钙转化效率。添加Al2O3使试件浸出液pH值从12降为9,pH值为9时更适合菌种的繁殖,尿素利用率显著提升到81%,提高了碳酸钙的产出率,明显缩短修复时间。添加Al2O3修复试件的声时值接近无裂缝试件,明显优于无添加试件。添加Al2O3后2mm裂缝试件的碳酸钙生成率为77.32%,远高过无添加试件的20.98%。添加Al2O3修复试件强度恢复远高于无添加Al2O3修复试件,且强度恢复随裂缝宽度减小而增加。因此,混凝土修复过程中添加Al2O3能有效提高修复效率,减少修复时间,为后续实际工程中微生物快速高效修复裂缝提供重要参考。

Stability of finite difference numerical simulations of acoustic logging-while-drilling with different perfectly matched layer schemes

In acoustic logging-while-drilling （ALWD） finite difference in time domain （FDTD） simulations, large drill collar occupies, most of the fluid-filled borehole and divides the borehole fluid into two thin fluid columns （radius -27 mm）. Fine grids and large computational models are required to model the thin fluid region between the tool and the formation. As a result, small time step and more iterations are needed, which increases the cumulative numerical error. Furthermore, due to high impedance contrast between the drill collar and fluid in the borehole （the difference is 〉30 times）, the stability and efficiency of the perfectly matched layer （PML） scheme is critical to simulate complicated wave modes accurately. In this paper, we compared four different PML implementations in a staggered grid finite difference in time domain （FDTD） in the ALWD simulation, including field-splitting PML （SPML）, multiaxial PML（M- PML）, non-splitting PML （NPML）, and complex frequency-shifted PML （CFS-PML）. The comparison indicated that NPML and CFS-PML can absorb the guided wave reflection from the computational boundaries more efficiently than SPML and M-PML. For large simulation time, SPML, M-PML, and NPML are numerically unstable. However, the stability of M-PML can be improved further to some extent. Based on the analysis, we proposed that the CFS-PML method is used in FDTD to eliminate the numerical instability and to improve the efficiency of absorption in the PML layers for LWD modeling. The optimal values of CFS-PML parameters in the LWD simulation were investigated based on thousands of 3D simulations. For typical LWD cases, the best maximum value of the quadratic damping profile was obtained using one do. The optimal parameter space for the maximum value of the linear frequency-shifted factor （a0） and the scaling factor （β0） depended on the thickness of the PML layer. For typical formations, if the PML thickness is 10 grid points, the global error can be reduced to 〈1% using the optimal PML parameters, and the error will decrease as the PML thickness increases.

Suppress numerical dispersion in reversetime migration of acoustic wave equation using optimal nearly analytic discrete method

Using staggered-grid finite difference method to solve seismic wave equation,large spatial grid and high dominant frequency of source cause numerical dispersion,staggeredgrid finite difference method,which can reduce the step spatial size and increase the order of difference,will multiply the calculation amount and reduce the efficiency of solving wave equation.The optimal nearly analytic discrete(ONAD)method can accurately solve the wave equation by using the combination of displacement and gradient of spatial nodes to approach the spatial partial derivative under rough grid and high-frequency condition.In this study,the ONAD method is introduced into the field of reverse-time migration(RTM)for performing forward-and reverse-time extrapolation of a two-dimensional acoustic equation,and the RTM based on ONAD method is realized via normalized cross-correlation imaging condition,effectively suppressed the numerical dispersion and improved the imaging accuracy.Using ONAD method to image the groove model and SEG/EAGE salt dome model by RTM,and comparing with the migration sections obtained by staggered-grid finite difference method with the same time order 2 nd and space order 4 th,results show that the RTM based on ONAD method can effectively suppress numerical dispersion caused by the high frequency components in source and shot records,and archive accurate imaging of complex geological structures especially the fine structure,and the migration sections of the measured data show that ONAD method has practical application value.

Resonant Activation Induced by Four-Value Noise

The phenomenon of the resonant activation （RA） of a particle over a fluctuating potential barrier with a four-value noise is investigated. It is shown that the mean first passage time （MFPT） displays six minima as the function of the transition rates γ1, γ2, γ3, γ4, γ5, and 76 of the four-value noise, respectively. In addition, the effect of other parameters of the system, such as the noise strength D of the additive Gaussian white noise and the parameter value a, b, c, and d of the four-value noise, on the RAs is also investigated.

Suppression of strong random noise in seismic data by using time-frequency peak filtering

Time-frequency peak filtering (TFPF) is highly efficient in suppressing random noise in seismic data. Although the hypothesis of stationary Gaussian white noise cannot be fulfilled in practical seismic data, TFPF can effectively suppress white and colored random noise with different intensities, as can be theoretically demonstrated by detecting such noise in synthetic seismic data. However, a "zero-drift" effect is observed in the filtered signal and is independent of the average power and variance of the random noise, but related to its mean value. Furthermore, we consider the situation where the local linearization of the seismic data cannot be satisfied absolutely and study the "distortion" characteristics of the filtered signal using TFPF on a triangular wave. We found that over-compensation is possible in the frequency band for the triangular wave. In addition, it is nonsymmetrical and has a relationship to the time-varying curvature of the seismic wavelet. The results also present an improved approach for TFPF.

Full-Annulus Simulation of the Surge Inception in a Transonic Centrifugal Compressor

Full annulus simulations of the flow which develops in a transonic centrifugal compressor are performed at two stable operating points （peak efficiency and near surge） and during the path to surge. At stable conditions, the flow field properties are analyzed by comparisons with experimental data and numerical simulations using a phase lagged approach previously carried out. Regarding the stage overall performance, an excellent agreement is obtained between the numerical results （both with time lagged approach and full-annulus calculation） and the ex- periments. From the full-annnlus simulations, the change in flow pattern from peak efficiency to surge is found to be perfectly similar to that obtained from the simulations using the time lagged approach. In particular, pro- vided that the operating point is stable, the flow proves to be chorochronic. The full-annulus simulations were continued after a unique small change in the throttle law applied at the exit of the numerical domain. The mass flow, pressure ratio and efficiency then significantly drop all the more the time progresses. The simulation becomes unstable and the surge inception well underway. The path to surge is found to be due to the enlargement of the boundary layer separation on the suction side of the diffuser vanes in accordance with the conclusions drawn from the chorochronic simulations and experiments. But as the time progresses, the flow loses its chorochronic character. Stall cells rotating at around 7% of the rotor speed develop and lead to surge in around 5 revolutions.

Acoustic Goos-H?nchen effect

We report two models of the lateral displacement of acoustic-wave scattering on a fluid-solid interface that reveal an acoustic analog of the Goos-Hainchen effect in optics. This acoustic analog is called the acoustic Goos-Hainchen effect. Using newly proposed models, we made numerical calculations for the system ofa water-Perspex interface. Specifically, in the post-critical-angle region, we observed a lateral displacement （and transition time） of the reflected P-wave with respect to the incident P-wave. The first arrival of the acoustic signal from the interface is found to be a reflected P-wave rather than the sliding-refraction P-wave usually described in traditional acoustic-logging sliding P-wave theory. For both proposed models, the effective propagation speed of the reflected P-wave along the interface depends on not only the physical properties of the interracial media but also the incident angle. These observations are intriguing and warrant further investigation.