While several studies have documented the large-scale, seasonal movements of horseshoe crabs, little is known about their fine-scale, daily movement patterns. In this study we used a fixed array ultrasonic telemetry s...While several studies have documented the large-scale, seasonal movements of horseshoe crabs, little is known about their fine-scale, daily movement patterns. In this study we used a fixed array ultrasonic telemetry system to track the movements of 12 male and 16 female horseshoe crabs in the Great Bay estuary, New Hampshire. Data were obtained during the mating season, as well as during the remainder of the summer and fall, in the years 2005-2008. During the mating season animals were often, but not always, active during the high tides when they were approaching and leaving the spawning beaches. On average, both males and females approached mating beaches during 33% of the high tides they experienced and they most often made the tran- sition from being inactive to active during the last two hours of an incoming tide. From April-October horseshoe crabs were significantly more active during high tide periods vs low tide periods, with no clear preference for diurnal vs nocturnal activity. After the mating season ended horseshoe crabs continued to move into shallower water at high tide and then return to deeper water at low tide. Observations by SCUBA divers suggest that during these excursions into the mudflats horseshoe crabs were digging pits in the sediment while foraging for food. Thus, the tidal rhythm of activity that has been so well documented during the mating season probably persists into the fall, and primarily involves foraging activities展开更多
Traditional wireless MWD telemetry systems such as mud pulse and electromagnetic telemetry are limited due to low carrier frequencies. The first acoustic telemetry system was studied as part of a drill stem testing sy...Traditional wireless MWD telemetry systems such as mud pulse and electromagnetic telemetry are limited due to low carrier frequencies. The first acoustic telemetry system was studied as part of a drill stem testing system in 2000, but there are some problems limited it to using for information transmission in drilling. In the paper, we study and simulation on the drill string channel characteristics. Based on the transmission equation of longitudinal wave in periodic drill string channel, we get a geometrical model for drill string channel. Two aspects are studied. Firstly, the equation for dispersion is established analyze and simulate the influence of length and cross-section to dispersion. Secondly, we introduce finite-difference for analyzing of transient response. Simulate transient response of drill string channel by changing the geometrical-characters of drill string. The paper gets characteristics of channel dispersion and signal attenuation, and useful for the choosing of best passband for carrier frequency. It is valuable for the acoustic telemetry to use for drilling applications.展开更多
基金supported by NSF IOB 0517229 and NSF IOS 0920342 grants to WHW Ⅲ and CCC
文摘While several studies have documented the large-scale, seasonal movements of horseshoe crabs, little is known about their fine-scale, daily movement patterns. In this study we used a fixed array ultrasonic telemetry system to track the movements of 12 male and 16 female horseshoe crabs in the Great Bay estuary, New Hampshire. Data were obtained during the mating season, as well as during the remainder of the summer and fall, in the years 2005-2008. During the mating season animals were often, but not always, active during the high tides when they were approaching and leaving the spawning beaches. On average, both males and females approached mating beaches during 33% of the high tides they experienced and they most often made the tran- sition from being inactive to active during the last two hours of an incoming tide. From April-October horseshoe crabs were significantly more active during high tide periods vs low tide periods, with no clear preference for diurnal vs nocturnal activity. After the mating season ended horseshoe crabs continued to move into shallower water at high tide and then return to deeper water at low tide. Observations by SCUBA divers suggest that during these excursions into the mudflats horseshoe crabs were digging pits in the sediment while foraging for food. Thus, the tidal rhythm of activity that has been so well documented during the mating season probably persists into the fall, and primarily involves foraging activities
文摘Traditional wireless MWD telemetry systems such as mud pulse and electromagnetic telemetry are limited due to low carrier frequencies. The first acoustic telemetry system was studied as part of a drill stem testing system in 2000, but there are some problems limited it to using for information transmission in drilling. In the paper, we study and simulation on the drill string channel characteristics. Based on the transmission equation of longitudinal wave in periodic drill string channel, we get a geometrical model for drill string channel. Two aspects are studied. Firstly, the equation for dispersion is established analyze and simulate the influence of length and cross-section to dispersion. Secondly, we introduce finite-difference for analyzing of transient response. Simulate transient response of drill string channel by changing the geometrical-characters of drill string. The paper gets characteristics of channel dispersion and signal attenuation, and useful for the choosing of best passband for carrier frequency. It is valuable for the acoustic telemetry to use for drilling applications.
