微泡造影剂介导的声空效应对胶质瘤大鼠血脑屏障通透性及替莫唑胺疗效的影响

目的观察微泡造影剂联合超声对胶质瘤大鼠血脑屏障通透性及化疗药物疗效的影响。方法通过透射电镜观察超微结构、Western blotting检测紧密连接蛋白claudin-5的表达、脑组织伊文蓝染色检测并确认影响Wistar大鼠血脑屏障通透性的最佳造影剂浓度及最佳超声模式。采用大鼠胶质瘤细胞系9L脑纹状体注射建立Wistar大鼠胶质瘤模型,予以替莫唑胺化疗(50mg/kg,连用5d)后,计算瘤体大小,ELISA检测血清中肿瘤标志物胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)的浓度。结果微泡造影剂联合超声可使血脑屏障内皮细胞间的连接松弛,最佳造影剂浓度为1ml/kg,最佳超声模式为间隙触发(间隙400ms)10min;声空效应组大鼠中伊文蓝通过血脑屏障的含量明显多于对照组(P<0.05)。替莫唑胺化疗后,声空效应组肿瘤体积明显低于对照组,而血清GFAP浓度明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论微泡造影剂联合超声可提高胶质瘤大鼠血脑屏障通透性及化疗药物的疗效。

四元平面方阵对空声时延定位误差分析

四元平面方阵是最简单的半空域无源定位传声器阵列,其定位精度受多种因素影响,其定位误差主要由时延估计误差引起,针对这种阵列的定位误差进行了分析与仿真,主要讨论了时延估计误差对定位精度的影响,最后从仿真结果看出该阵的测角精度较高,测距精度很差。

Experimental and numerical investigations on acoustic damping of monoclinic crystalline wideband sound absorbing structures

In order to overcome the limitations of traditional microperforated plate with narrow sound absorption bandwidth and a single structure,two multi-cavity composite sound-absorbing materials were designed based on the shape of monoclinic crystals:uniaxial oblique structure(UOS)and biaxial oblique structure(BOS).Through finite element simulation and experimental research,the theoretical models of UOS and BOS were verified,and their sound absorption mechanisms were revealed.At the same time,the influence of multi-cavity composites on sound absorption performance was analyzed based on the theoretical model,and the influence of structural parameters on sound absorption performance was discussed.The research results show that,in the range of 100-2000 Hz,UOS has three sound absorption peaks and BOS has five sound absorption peaks.The frequency range of the half-absorption bandwidth(α>0.5)of UOS and BOS increases by 242% and 229%,respectively.Compared with traditional microperforated sound-absorbing structures,the series and parallel hybrid methods significantly increase the sound-absorbing bandwidth of the sound-absorbing structure.This research has guiding significance for noise control and has broad application prospects in the fields of transportation,construction,and mechanical design.

交织错落木质空间——波哥大El Fabuloso酒吧餐厅

项目概况 EI Fabuloso位于哥伦比亚首都波哥大最繁华的街道，是一个可容纳500人的高端酒吧及餐饮空间。空间被一整套薄木材组织所包围，它们构成了空间的声学设计元素。

一种增强型Chirp扩频声波通信系统设计

空中声学通信由于其简单的设备需求而备受关注。仅需要简单的声学前端设备如麦克风和扬声器即可完成。然而,当通信的误码率低于某个阈值时,我们为了通信的需求不得不在通信频带范围和通信距离之间做取舍。此外,多径衰弱和多普勒效应等问题是声波通信中常常需要解决的难题。为此,我们提出了一种高速、长距离、鲁棒性Chirp扩频通信方案,用于动态信道条件下的空声通信。该方案在已提出Chirp扩频方案上进行改进,针对严格正交的条件做了修改,在单个符号持续时间内添加多个载波,从而提高数据传输速率。它在0m距离情况下能提供500bps的数据速率,且保证误码率为0。

一种硬质高岭岩剥片实验研究

以醋酸钾作为插层剂制备高岭石-醋酸钾复合体,高岭石层间距从0.714nm增大到1.42nm,夹层率为80%。利用复合体的结构不稳定性,进行功率超声剥片。讨论了在一定功率超声场中,浆液体积、浆液浓度和超声时间对剥片作用的影响。实验结果表明:在输入功率为150W、变幅杆断面直径100mm、超声频率为18kHz的条件下,浆液体积为200mL、浆液浓度为10%、超声时间为15min时超声剥片的效果最佳。声空化作用产生的冲击波、质点产生的巨大加速度是引起高岭石-醋酸钾插层复合体顺层剥离的根本原因。在声空化作用下,浆液中高岭石颗粒间的高速碰撞使其颗粒进一步变细。

Scale effects on non-cavitation hydrodynamics and noise of highly-skewed propeller in wake flow

Regarding the scale effects on propeller＇s noncavitation hydrodynamics and hydroacoustics, three similar 7bladed highly-skewed propellers in the wake flow are addressed with diameters of 250, 500 and 1 000 mm, respectively. The discrete line-spectrum noise and its standardized spectrum level scaling law, together with the total sound pressure level are analyzed. The non-cavitation noise predictions are completed by both the frequency domain method and the time domain method. As a fluctuated noise source, the time-dependent fluctuated pressure and normal velocity distribution on propeller blades are obtained by the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes （ URANS ） simulation. Results show that the pressure coefficient distribution of three propellers on the 0.7R section is nearly superposed under the same advance ratio. The periodic thrust fluctuation of three propellers can exactly reflect the tonal components of the axial passing frequency （APF） and the blade passing frequency （BPF）, and the fluctuation enhancement from the small to the middle propeller at the BPF is greater than that from the middle to the big one. By the two noise prediction methods, the increment of the total sound pressure level from the small to the big propeller differs by 2.49 dB. Following the standardized scaling law, the spectrum curves of the middle and big propellers are nearly the same while significantly differing from the small one. The increment of both the line-spectrum level and the total sound pressure increases with the increase in diameter. It is suggested that the model scale of the propeller should be as large as possible in engineering to reduce the prediction error of the empirical scalin~ law and weaken the scale effects.

Salt-assisted Synthesis of Hollow Bi_2WO_6 Microspheres with Superior Photocatalytic Activity for NO Removal

Hollow Bi2WO6 microspheres are successfully synthesized by a facile ultrasonic spray pyrolysis（USP） method using NaCl as a salt template.The as-prepared hollow microspheres assembled as nanoplates with dimensions of approximately 41-148 nm and are dispersed with non-uniform pores on the template surface.By swapping the salt template with KC1 or Na2SO4,different morphologies of Bi2WO6 are obtained.The experimental results demonstrate that NaCl plays a key role on the formation of Bi2WO6 with hollow structures.The specific growth mechanism of hollow microspheres was studied in detail.The Bi2WO6 hollow microspheres exhibit an excellent photocatalytic efficiency for NO removal under solar light irradiation,which is 1.73 times higher than for the Bi2WO6 obtained in the absence of any salt template.This enhancement can be ascribed to the simultaneous improvement on the surface area and visible light-harvesting ability from the hollow structures.Electron spin resonance（ESR） results suggest that both radicals of ·OH and ·O2^- are involved in the photocatalytic process over the BWO-NaCl sample.The production of ·O2^- radicals offers better durability for NO removal.

ACTIVE STRUCTURAL ACOUSTIC CONTROL IN ENCLOSURE USING RADIATION MODES

The problem of active structural acoustic control in an enclosure using radiation mode is investigated. The response of the coupled enclosure is derived in terms of radiation modes. The potential energy in the enclosure can be decomposed into independent parts and the radiation modes contribute to potential energy independently. The control strategy for minimizing first G radiation modes with large radiation efficiency is proposed, and the optimal model of control forces is presented. Finally, a numerical simulation for minimizing sound transmission into a rectangular enclosure using the proposed method is conducted. Simulation results indicate that one control force can control one radiation mode and controlling the first four-order radiation modes with four control forces can achieve significant potential energy reduction at the low frequency range.

Experimental studies on pillar failure characteristics based on acoustic emission location technique

Acoustic emission （AE） technique is a useful tool for investigating rock damage mechanism, and is used to study the temporal-spatial evolution process of microcracks during the similar pillar material experiment. A combined AE location algorithm was developed based on the Least square algorithm and Geiger location algorithm. The pencil break test results show that the location precision can meet the demand of microcrack monitoring. The 3D location of AE events can directly reflect the process of initiation, propagation and evolutionary of microcracks. During the loading process, stress is much likely concentrated on the area between pillar and roof of the specimen, where belongs to danger zone of macroscopic failure. When rock reaches its plastic deformation stage, AE events begin to decrease, which indicates that AE quiet period can be seen as precursor characteristic of rock failure.

Spiral Waves and Multiple Spatial Coherence Resonances Induced by Colored Noise in Neuronal Network

Gaussian colored noise induced spatial patterns and spatial coherence resonances in a square lattice neuronal network composed of Morris-Lecar neurons are studied.Each neuron is at resting state near a saddle-node bifurcation on invariant circle,coupled to its nearest neighbors by electronic coupling.Spiral waves with different structures and disordered spatial structures can be alternately induced within a large range of noise intensity.By calculating spatial structure function and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),it is found that SNR values are higher when the spiral structures are simple and are lower when the spatial patterns are complex or disordered,respectively.SNR manifest multiple local maximal peaks,indicating that the colored noise can induce multiple spatial coherence resonances.The maximal SNR values decrease as the correlation time of the noise increases.These results not only provide an example of multiple resonances,but also show that Gaussian colored noise play constructive roles in neuronal network.

The Numerical Simulation of Collapse Pressure and Boundary of the Cavity Cloud in Venturi

The idea that the collapse proceeds from the outer boundary of the cavity cloud towards its center for the ultrasonic cavitation proposed by Hasson and Morch in 1980s is further developed for calculating the collapse pressure and boundaries of cavity cloud at the collapse stage of bubbles for hydraulic cavitation flow in Venturi in present research. The numerical simulation is carried out based on Gilmore＇s eouations of bubble dynamics, which take account of the compressibility of fluid besides the viscosity and interfacial tension. The collapse of the cavity cloud is considered to proceed layer by layer from the outer cloud towards its inner part. The simulation results indicate that thepredicted boundaries of the cavity cloudat the collapse stage agree.well with the exPerimental ones.It is also found that the maximum collapse pressure of the cavity cloud is several times as high as the collapse pressure of outside boundary, and it is located at a point in the axis, where the cavity cloud disappears completely. This means that a cavity cloud has higher collapse pressure or strength than that of a single bubble due to the interactions of the bubbles. The effects of operation and structural parameters on the collapse pressure are also analyzed in detail.

Experimental investigation on failure process and spatio-temporal evolution of rockburst in granite with a prefabricated circular hole

To study the mechanism of rockburst and its spatio-temporal evolution criterion,a rockburst simulation experiment was performed on granite specimens,each with a prefabricated circular hole,under different lateral loads.Using micro camera,acoustic emission(AE)system,and infrared thermal imager,the AE characteristics and thermal radiation temperature migration were studied during the rockburst process.Then,the failure mode and damage evolution of the surrounding rock were analyzed.The results demonstrate that increasing the lateral load can first increase and then reduce the bearing capacity of the hole.In this experiment,the hole failure process could be divided into four periods:quiet,particle ejection,stability failure and collapse.Correspondingly,the AE signals evolved from a calm stage,to have intermittent appearance;then,they were continuous with a sudden increase,and finally increased dramatically.The failure of the surrounding rock was mainly tensile failure,while shear failure tended to first increase and then decrease.Meanwhile,damage to the hole increased gradually during the particle ejection period,whereas damage to the rockburst mainly occurred in the stability failure period.The thermal radiation temperature migration exhibited warming in shallow parts,inward expansion,cooling in the shallow parts with free surface heating,inward expansion,a sudden rise in temperature of the rockburst pits,and finally specimen failure.The initial reinforcement support should fully contribute to surface support.Furthermore,an appropriate tensile capacity and good energy absorption capacity should be established in support systems for high-stress roadways.

Prediction and optimization of aerodynamic noise in an automotive air conditioning centrifugal fan

The high aerodynamic noise induced by automotive air conditioning systems has important effects on the ride comfort, and the centrifugal fan is the largest noise source in these systems. It is very important to reduce the aerodynamic noise generated by the centrifugal fan. The flow field and the sound field on the whole centrifugal fan configuration have been carried out using the computational fluid dynamics. Simulation results show that the sound pressure level near the outlet of the centrifugal fan is too high. Based on the relationship between flow characteristics and the aerodynamic noise, four parameters of the centrifugal fan, i.e., impeller blade＇s outlet angle 0, volute tongue＇s gap t, collector inclination angle fl, and rotating speed n, were selected as design variables and optimized using response surface methodology. While keeping the function of flow rate unchanged, the peak noise level is reduced by 8 dB or 10.8%. The noise level is satisfactorily reduced.

Boiling Heat Transfer in an Acoustic Cavitation Field

An experimental study has been carried out investigatesystematically the effects of acoustic cavi- tation parameters andfluid subcooling on boiling of acetone around a horizontal circulartube. The experimental results show that acoustic cavitation enhancedremarkably the boiling heat transfer and decreased the incipientboiling superheat and that cavitation bubbles effect on boiling heattransfer reduced with cavitation distance. For boiling curves in aform of h-q', elevated cavitation distance shift nucleate boilingcurves to the right of the cor- responding ordinary pool boilingcurve. The associated mechanism of heat transfer enhancement isanalyzed with the consideration of cavitation bubble influence onvapor embryo.

Effect of the Ultrasound Generated by Flat Plate Transducer Cleaning on Polluted Polyvinylidenefluoride Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration Membrane

Polyvinylidenefluoride （PVDF） hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane is frequently employed in water treatment. However, the fouling of ultrafiltration membranes affects the economic effectiveness of such process significantly. The ultrasound generated by flat plate transducer （UFPT） was used to clean the polluted PVDF ultrafiltration membrane with 2 g·L^-1 of citric acid aqueous solution in our study. The effects of UFPT intensity on the membrane surface were studied. The new membrane was easy to be polluted by the saturated CaCl2 solution. A synergistic effect of UFPT and 2 g·L^-1 citric acid aqueous solution could remove the foul of the membrane, and its flux could be recovered about 81%. The flux recovery of old membrane polluted was increased to 73.2% after 7 h soaking in citric acid aqueous solution, but its flux recovery without soaking was only increased to 56.2%.

Ultrasonic vibrations and coal permeability: Laboratory experimental investigations and numerical simulations

Ultrasonic vibrations in coal lead to cavitation bubble oscillation, growth, shrinkage, and collapse, and the strong vibration of cavitation bubbles not only makes coal pores break and cracks propagate, but plays an important role in enhancing the permeability of coal. In this paper, the influence of ultrasonic cavitation on coal and the effects of the sonic waves on crack generation, propagation, connection, as well as the effect of cracks on the coal permeability, are studied. The experimental results show that cracks in coal are generated even connected rapidly after ultrasonic cavitation. Under the effect of ultrasonic cavitation,the permeability increases between 30% and 60%, and the number of cracks in coal also significantly increased. Numerical experiments show that the effective sound pressure is beneficial to fracture propagation and connection, and it is closely related to the permeability. Moreover, the numerical simulations and physical experiments provide a guide for the coal permeability improvement.

Wavelet Transform-Based Distributed Compressed Sensing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN) are mainly characterized by a potentially large number of distributed sensor nodes which collectively transmit information about sensed events to the sink.In this paper,we present a Distributed Wavelet Basis Generation(DWBG) algorithm performing at the sink to obtain the distributed wavelet basis in WSN.And on this basis,a Wavelet Transform-based Distributed Compressed Sensing(WTDCS) algorithm is proposed to compress and reconstruct the sensed data with spatial correlation.Finally,we make a detailed analysis of relationship between reconstruction performance and WTDCS algorithm parameters such as the compression ratio,the channel Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR),the observation noise power and the correlation decay parameter by simulation.The simulation results show that WTDCS can achieve high performance in terms of energy and reconstruction accuracy,as compared to the conventional distributed wavelet transform algorithm.

Research on Strategy Marine Noise Map Based on i4Ocean Platform： Constructing Flow and Key Approach

Noise level in a marine environment has raised extensive concern in the scientific community.The research is carried out on i4 Ocean platform following the process of ocean noise model integrating,noise data extracting,processing,visualizing,and interpreting,ocean noise map constructing and publishing.For the convenience of numerical computation,based on the characteristics of ocean noise field,a hybrid model related to spatial locations is suggested in the propagation model.The normal mode method K/I model is used for far field and ray method CANARY model is used for near field.Visualizing marine ambient noise data is critical to understanding and predicting marine noise for relevant decision making.Marine noise map can be constructed on virtual ocean scene.The systematic marine noise visualization framework includes preprocessing,coordinate transformation interpolation,and rendering.The simulation of ocean noise depends on realistic surface.Then the dynamic water simulation gird was improved with GPU fusion to achieve seamless combination with the visualization result of ocean noise.At the same time,the profile and spherical visualization include space,and time dimensionality were also provided for the vertical field characteristics of ocean ambient noise.Finally,marine noise map can be published with grid pre-processing and multistage cache technology to better serve the public.

The Evaluation of the Sound Insulation of Partition in Expanded Frequency Range

This paper reports on an evaluation of airborne sound insulation in a wider frequency range then is used in classical measurements. For analyzing sound insulation was used frequency range from 50 Hz to 10 kHz via standard range I00 Hz to 3,15 kHz. For four constructions with different structure was measured sound reduction index depend on frequency and calculated Weighted sound reduction index according to EN ISO 717-1. Then the results were compared. The measurements were made for samples of construction with different sizes. The results of measurements show how the size of sample influence on measured sound insulation. This article could be useful for specialist of architect acoustic and all who interest in sound insulation.