文章以新河方言的单字音声调为研究对象,通过Praat软件测量各个调类单字音的基频曲线,得到各个调类基频数据。在归一化和相对化的基础上,得到各个调类的T值数据和五度值。从调值、调长、调域三个方面入手,对新河方言单字调情况进行全面...文章以新河方言的单字音声调为研究对象,通过Praat软件测量各个调类单字音的基频曲线,得到各个调类基频数据。在归一化和相对化的基础上,得到各个调类的T值数据和五度值。从调值、调长、调域三个方面入手,对新河方言单字调情况进行全面的描写和分析,并对比老、中、青三代发音人单字调格局的代际差异。基于基频、调域、调长等声学特征,探讨上声和去声演变趋势。实验结果表明新河乌龙方言中平声、上声、去声和入声的调值在不同年龄段中有差异,老男M1四个调类的调值分别为21、115、214、45。中男M2四个调类的调值分别为31、212、213、45。青男M3四个调类的调值分别为31、213、213、45。其中,中男上声去声调值接近,青男上声和去声调值一致,进一步证实了上声调与去声调逐渐合并的趋势。本文首次用实验语音学方法研究青阳县新河方言的声调,有利于深化对该方言声韵调音系特征的认识,为新河方言的研究提供了一种新的研究视角。This paper takes the monosyllabic tones of Xinhe dialect as the research object, and uses Praat software to measure the fundamental frequency curves of each monosyllabic tone, and obtains the fundamental frequency data of each tone class. On the basis of normalization and relativism, the T-value data and five-degree values of each tone class are obtained. Starting from the three aspects of tone value, tone length and tone domain, this paper gives a comprehensive description and analysis of the tone pattern of Xinhe dialect, and compares the intergenerational difference of the tone pattern of the old, middle and Qing speakers. Based on the acoustic characteristics such as fundamental frequency, tone domain and tone length, the evolution trend of up-tone and down-tone is discussed. The experimental results show that the tone values of flat voice, up voice, out voice and in voice in Xinhe Oolong dialect are different in different age groups. The tone values of M1 in old men are 21, 115, 214 and 45, respectively. The modulation values of the four types of male M2 were 31, 212, 213 and 45, respectively. The tuning values of the four types of male M3 were 31, 213, 213 and 45, respectively. The upper and lower tone values of middle male are close to each other, and the upper and lower tone values of young male are the same, which further confirms the trend of merging the upper and lower tone gradually. This paper studies the intonation of Xinhe dialect in Qingyang County for the first time by using the experimental phonetics method, which is helpful to deepen the understanding of the phonetic characteristics of Xinhe dialect and provide a new research perspective for the study of Xinhe dialect.展开更多
Implementing acoustic emission experiments with large rock samples, LURR (Load/Unload Response Ratio) theory was studied. The loading conditions in the experiments were designed to simulate the complicated loading pro...Implementing acoustic emission experiments with large rock samples, LURR (Load/Unload Response Ratio) theory was studied. The loading conditions in the experiments were designed to simulate the complicated loading process of underground rocks. The damages emerging inside the rock samples were recorded by the acoustic emission technique during the loading process. The experimental results were consistent with prediction by LURR theory. Integrating the changing processes of LURR value Y and the location process of acoustic emission events showed agreement between the variation of LURR value Y and the damage evolution inside the rocks. Furthermore, the high value of Y emerged before the complete breakdown of materials. Therefore, the damage evolution of rock specimen can be quantitatively analyzed with LURR theory, thus the failure of the rock materials and the earthquake occurrence may be predicted. The experimental results gave a further verification of LURR theory.展开更多
Attracting released hatchery-reared fish to designated areas during the growth process is vital to realize the objectives of sea ranching. Based on the bottom artificial reefs and surface kelp culture facilities in th...Attracting released hatchery-reared fish to designated areas during the growth process is vital to realize the objectives of sea ranching. Based on the bottom artificial reefs and surface kelp culture facilities in the Xiangshan Bay sea ranch, we proposed systematic techniques related to acoustic conditioning of the black seabream(Sparus macrocephalus). Experiments conducted in 12 m × 10 m × 1.6 m ponds on Xixuan Island showed that black seabream was positively sensitive to 500–600 Hz periodic signals. Conditioned responses were apparent after 8 d. Two to three days were required for recovery of the memory of a conditioned response after a 20-day interval. According to the practical application requirements in the open sea, unattended acoustic conditioning equipment was developed. The ranching equipment was used in 12 m × 12 m × 2.5 m cages, and the behavior of black seabream juveniles was successfully guided after 7 days. Of the 16000 released fish, 82.5% of them were conditioned with a flexible grading net. To avoid inducing a stress response, the juveniles were released into the sea ranch in situ from the net cage. The acoustic conditioning equipments were moved into the open sea and the aggregation phenomenon of the released fish was observed when the sound was played. After 6 months of investigation and based on Sr+ marking, only one acoustically conditioned fish was found outside the 3.5-km^2 sea ranch area, thereby reached the goal of guiding activity. The practical effect in the Xiangshan Bay sea ranch showed the validity of the acoustic conditioning system, which may contribute to improve the operation of the sea ranches in the East China Sea.展开更多
This paper reported an acoustic experiment examining the effect of topic structure and syntax on boundary pitch parameters. Simple discourses containing three sentences were constructed and the boundary between the fi...This paper reported an acoustic experiment examining the effect of topic structure and syntax on boundary pitch parameters. Simple discourses containing three sentences were constructed and the boundary between the first sentence and the second sentence of each discourse varied along the following parameters： （1） topic internal, clause; （2） topic shift, clause; （3） topic internal, sentence; and （4） topic shift, sentence. Seven native speakers of Standard Chinese read the short discourses aloud. The offset f0, f0 Max, and f0 Min of the first sentence and the onset f0, f0 Max, and f0 Min of the second sentence were measured. It was found that relative to topic internal condition, topic shift condition induced higher onset f0 following the boundary. Moreover, this higher onset f0 was caused by the raising of both f0 max and f0 min, suggesting pitch register raising rather than pitch range expansion following the boundary. Syntactic structure as index by clause or sentence was found to have no effect on boundary pitch parameters. These results provide strong evidence for a role of topic strucutre in speech production展开更多
The quantitative photoacoustic investigation of different TiO2 thin films on Si substrates is presented using the elastic bending method. Photoacoustic signal amplitude and phase spectra versus modulation frequency we...The quantitative photoacoustic investigation of different TiO2 thin films on Si substrates is presented using the elastic bending method. Photoacoustic signal amplitude and phase spectra versus modulation frequency were measured and analyzed using different sample thicknesses. Within the proposed method particular attention is given to the analysis of optical, thermal, elastic and structural sample parameters. Considerable focus is devoted to the fitting procedure of experimental results using the two-layer sample theoretical model. Characteristics of previously developed photoacoustic apparatus are discussed, attempting to search the ideal experimental conditions which can provide a good signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity.展开更多
文摘文章以新河方言的单字音声调为研究对象,通过Praat软件测量各个调类单字音的基频曲线,得到各个调类基频数据。在归一化和相对化的基础上,得到各个调类的T值数据和五度值。从调值、调长、调域三个方面入手,对新河方言单字调情况进行全面的描写和分析,并对比老、中、青三代发音人单字调格局的代际差异。基于基频、调域、调长等声学特征,探讨上声和去声演变趋势。实验结果表明新河乌龙方言中平声、上声、去声和入声的调值在不同年龄段中有差异,老男M1四个调类的调值分别为21、115、214、45。中男M2四个调类的调值分别为31、212、213、45。青男M3四个调类的调值分别为31、213、213、45。其中,中男上声去声调值接近,青男上声和去声调值一致,进一步证实了上声调与去声调逐渐合并的趋势。本文首次用实验语音学方法研究青阳县新河方言的声调,有利于深化对该方言声韵调音系特征的认识,为新河方言的研究提供了一种新的研究视角。This paper takes the monosyllabic tones of Xinhe dialect as the research object, and uses Praat software to measure the fundamental frequency curves of each monosyllabic tone, and obtains the fundamental frequency data of each tone class. On the basis of normalization and relativism, the T-value data and five-degree values of each tone class are obtained. Starting from the three aspects of tone value, tone length and tone domain, this paper gives a comprehensive description and analysis of the tone pattern of Xinhe dialect, and compares the intergenerational difference of the tone pattern of the old, middle and Qing speakers. Based on the acoustic characteristics such as fundamental frequency, tone domain and tone length, the evolution trend of up-tone and down-tone is discussed. The experimental results show that the tone values of flat voice, up voice, out voice and in voice in Xinhe Oolong dialect are different in different age groups. The tone values of M1 in old men are 21, 115, 214 and 45, respectively. The modulation values of the four types of male M2 were 31, 212, 213 and 45, respectively. The tuning values of the four types of male M3 were 31, 213, 213 and 45, respectively. The upper and lower tone values of middle male are close to each other, and the upper and lower tone values of young male are the same, which further confirms the trend of merging the upper and lower tone gradually. This paper studies the intonation of Xinhe dialect in Qingyang County for the first time by using the experimental phonetics method, which is helpful to deepen the understanding of the phonetic characteristics of Xinhe dialect and provide a new research perspective for the study of Xinhe dialect.
文摘Implementing acoustic emission experiments with large rock samples, LURR (Load/Unload Response Ratio) theory was studied. The loading conditions in the experiments were designed to simulate the complicated loading process of underground rocks. The damages emerging inside the rock samples were recorded by the acoustic emission technique during the loading process. The experimental results were consistent with prediction by LURR theory. Integrating the changing processes of LURR value Y and the location process of acoustic emission events showed agreement between the variation of LURR value Y and the damage evolution inside the rocks. Furthermore, the high value of Y emerged before the complete breakdown of materials. Therefore, the damage evolution of rock specimen can be quantitatively analyzed with LURR theory, thus the failure of the rock materials and the earthquake occurrence may be predicted. The experimental results gave a further verification of LURR theory.
基金financially supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (No. 201303047)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51309150)
文摘Attracting released hatchery-reared fish to designated areas during the growth process is vital to realize the objectives of sea ranching. Based on the bottom artificial reefs and surface kelp culture facilities in the Xiangshan Bay sea ranch, we proposed systematic techniques related to acoustic conditioning of the black seabream(Sparus macrocephalus). Experiments conducted in 12 m × 10 m × 1.6 m ponds on Xixuan Island showed that black seabream was positively sensitive to 500–600 Hz periodic signals. Conditioned responses were apparent after 8 d. Two to three days were required for recovery of the memory of a conditioned response after a 20-day interval. According to the practical application requirements in the open sea, unattended acoustic conditioning equipment was developed. The ranching equipment was used in 12 m × 12 m × 2.5 m cages, and the behavior of black seabream juveniles was successfully guided after 7 days. Of the 16000 released fish, 82.5% of them were conditioned with a flexible grading net. To avoid inducing a stress response, the juveniles were released into the sea ranch in situ from the net cage. The acoustic conditioning equipments were moved into the open sea and the aggregation phenomenon of the released fish was observed when the sound was played. After 6 months of investigation and based on Sr+ marking, only one acoustically conditioned fish was found outside the 3.5-km^2 sea ranch area, thereby reached the goal of guiding activity. The practical effect in the Xiangshan Bay sea ranch showed the validity of the acoustic conditioning system, which may contribute to improve the operation of the sea ranches in the East China Sea.
文摘This paper reported an acoustic experiment examining the effect of topic structure and syntax on boundary pitch parameters. Simple discourses containing three sentences were constructed and the boundary between the first sentence and the second sentence of each discourse varied along the following parameters： （1） topic internal, clause; （2） topic shift, clause; （3） topic internal, sentence; and （4） topic shift, sentence. Seven native speakers of Standard Chinese read the short discourses aloud. The offset f0, f0 Max, and f0 Min of the first sentence and the onset f0, f0 Max, and f0 Min of the second sentence were measured. It was found that relative to topic internal condition, topic shift condition induced higher onset f0 following the boundary. Moreover, this higher onset f0 was caused by the raising of both f0 max and f0 min, suggesting pitch register raising rather than pitch range expansion following the boundary. Syntactic structure as index by clause or sentence was found to have no effect on boundary pitch parameters. These results provide strong evidence for a role of topic strucutre in speech production
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia(Grant No. 171016)the Slovenian Research Agency(Grant Nos. BI-RS/08-09-041 and P1-0034)
文摘The quantitative photoacoustic investigation of different TiO2 thin films on Si substrates is presented using the elastic bending method. Photoacoustic signal amplitude and phase spectra versus modulation frequency were measured and analyzed using different sample thicknesses. Within the proposed method particular attention is given to the analysis of optical, thermal, elastic and structural sample parameters. Considerable focus is devoted to the fitting procedure of experimental results using the two-layer sample theoretical model. Characteristics of previously developed photoacoustic apparatus are discussed, attempting to search the ideal experimental conditions which can provide a good signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity.
