釜式再沸器壳侧循环流动的模拟计算

本文利用釜式再沸器壳侧循环流动与管束传热的分格模型，进行了管束中不同管列循环流速的模拟计算．考察了管束直径、液面高度、管束排布方式、管间距和加热方式对循环流速的影响．并对计算结果进行了分析．

Experimental Study on Full-Surface Buckling of Variable Curvature Cylindrical Shell Using Multi-camera 3D-DIC System

To achieve full-surface strain measurement of variable curvature objects,a 360°3D digital image correlation(DIC)system is proposed.The measurement system consists of four double-camera systems,which capture the object’s entire surface from multiple angles,enabling comprehensive full-surface measurement.To increase the stitching quality,a hierarchical coordinate matching method is proposed.Initially,a 3D rigid body calibration auxiliary block is employed to track motion trajectory,which enables preliminary matching of four 3D-DIC sub-systems.Subsequently,secondary precise matching is performed based on feature points on the test specimen’s surface.Through the hierarchical coordinate matching method,the local 3D coordinate systems of each double-camera system are unified into a global coordinate system,achieving 3D surface reconstruction of the variable curvature cylindrical shell,and error analysis is conducted on the results.Furthermore,axial compression buckling experiment is conducted to measure the displacement and strain fields on the cylindrical shell’s surface.The experimental results are compared with the finite element analysis,validating the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed multi-camera 3D-DIC measuring system.

锆合金多层复合材料包壳厚度超声扫描显微检测方法研究

锆合金多层复合材料采用多层结构,最外层为锆合金包壳,厚度约为0.3~0.6 mm,中间层为某种金属粉末的轧制物。轧制工艺需要精确测量各复合层在轧制后的厚度以对轧制过程进行质量控制;常规超声波测厚技术由于灵敏度和分辨率的限制无法满足包壳测厚要求。本文提出将超声扫描显微（SAM）测厚技术用于锆合金包壳的厚度测量,并对其测厚机理进行理论分析,开展SAM测厚技术的实验验证。结果表明,采用SAM技术可以有效对厚度约为0.3~0.6 mm的锆合金多层复合材料包壳进行厚度测量。

Fast Prediction of Acoustic Radiation from a Hemi-capped Cylindrical Shell in Waveguide

In order to predict acoustic radiation from a structure in waveguide, a method based on wave superposition is proposed, in which the free-space Green＇s function is used to match the strength of equivalent sources. In addition, in order to neglect the effect of sound reflection from boundaries, necessary treatment is conducted, which makes the method more efficient. Moreover, this method is combined with the sound propagation algorithms to predict the sound radiated from a cylindrical shell in waveguide. Numerical simulations show the effect of how reflections can be neglected if the distance between the structure and the boundary exceeds the maximum linear dimension of the structure. It also shows that the reflection from the bottom of the waveguide can be approximated by plane wave conditionally. The proposed method is more robust and efficient in computation, which can be used to predict the acoustic radiation in waveguide.

Research on the overload protection reliability of moulded case circuit-breakers and its test device

This paper analyzed the reliability and put forward the reliability index of overload protection for moulded case circuit breaker. The success rate was adopted as its reliability index of overload protection. Based on the reliability index and the reli- ability level, the reliability examination plan was analyzed and a test device for the overload protection of moulded case cir- cuit-breaker was developed. In the reliability test of overload protection, two power sources were used, which reduced the time of conversion and regulation between two different test currents in the overload protection test, which made the characteristic test more accurate. The test device was designed on the base of a Windows system, which made its operation simple and friendly.

Morphological and toxicity characteristics of Pseudo-nitzschia pungens strain PP0201-01 isolated from the East China Sea

The morphology and toxicity of Pseudo-nitzschia strain PP0201-01, isolated near the estuary of Changjiang (Yangtze) River in Year 2002 and tentatively identified as Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, were studied. The strain was identified morphologically as P. pungens using scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The ana- lytical results of LC-PDA (liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector), LC-MS (liquid chromatogra- phy with mass detector), and the toxicity data from mouse bioassay, showed that no domoic acid was produced by the strain. However, the mechanism of domoic acid production by Pseudo-nitzschia species is complicated. More works are needed to assess the toxic species and to evaluate the potential risk of amnesic shellfish poison- ing (ASP) in China.

Analgesis and Wound Healing Effect of Chitosan and Carboxymethyl Chitosan on Scalded Rats

Analgesis and wound healing effect of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan on scalded rats were investigated. A II degree scald model was established in rats, which was subsequently treated with chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan solution, respectively. The concentration of bradykinin and 5-hydroxytryptophan was detected by assaying enzyme-linked immunosorbent. Healing condition was observed and pathological sections were made to determine the healing effect of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan. Results showed that the concentration of bradykinin and 5-hydroxytryptophan peaked at the third hour post-wound in all groups, while the concentration of hydroxyproline peaked at the seventh day post-wound in both chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan group. The concentration of bradykinin and 5-hydroxytryptophan of carboxymethyl chitosan group was significantly lower than that of control(P < 0.05), while that of chitosan group was similar to that of control(P > 0.05). These findings indicated that carboxymethyl chitosan reduced the concentration of algogenic substances, resulting in analgesia. During the whole recovery process, the hydroxyproline concentration in chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan group on day 3 and 7 was significantly higher than that of control(P < 0.01); however the significance of such a highness decreased on day 14(P < 0.05). These findings indicated that chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan accelerated tissue repair. Meanwhile, chitosan performed better in healing than carboxymethyl chitosan in both decrustation and healing time. In conclusion, carboxymethyl chitosan showed significant analgesis and wound-healing promotion effect, but chitosan only showed wound-healing promotion effect.

Inversion Precipitable Water Vapor by GPS Observation of CMONOC

In this study, we have processed the GPS （Global Position System） and meteorological data from about 220 stations of CMONOC （Crustal Movement Observation Network of China in short） observed in 2014 by GAMIT software. The comparison result of ZTD （zenith total delay） calculated by GPS data and IGS （International GNSS （Global Navigation Satellite System） Service） ZTD product shows that the tropospheric delay based on calculation of CMONOC project data is accurate and reliable. Meanwhile, the PWV （precipitable water vapor） correlation coefficients between GPS observation and upper air sounding is close to 1, which proves that GPS observation data generated in CMONOC project applied to the weather forecast research is feasible. In addition, we make an isoline image for PWV distribution per hour on all stations covered the whole Chinese land area using interpolation algorithms. We observe obvious feature that the precipitable water in north and western area is less than south and east area all over this year. High latitudes area may be dry and low latitudes area is wet.

A new capacitive borehole tiltmeter for crustal deformation measurement and its performance analysis

Borehole inclinometers are important observation instruments used to measure ground tilt movement and monitor crustal deformation of solid tides and geological landslide disasters.They are widely used in oil exploration,mineral resource drilling,well logging,exploration and other fields.There is potential for development of rock stress strain monitoring tools.Many types of tiltmeters have been installed,such as SQ-7,FSQ,VS and JB.However,these tiltmeters are generally installed in a deep cave to avoid the interference of temperature,humidity,and human activities.With the urbanization of human society,suitable installation locations are difficult to find.To solve the problem,a two-component borehole tiltmeter,named the CBT-type tiltmeter,is proposed in this paper.It can be installed in a borehole less than500 m deep to eliminate environmental influences.The tiltmeter is composed of two sophisticated gravitational swing and two capacitive transducers.From preliminary theory and experiment analysis,its linear correlation coefficient is higher than 0.99,its co-seismic response is rapid and its noise level is up to 10 4arc seconds in practice.

Contemporary Crustal Motion and Deformation of South America Plate

This paper presents the contemporary motion and active deformation of South America plate and relative motion of Nazca-South America plate using space geodetic data. The South America plate is moving at average 14.5 mm/a with an azimuth of 15.2° and shrinking in the west-east at 10.9 mm/a. The geodetic deformations of sites with respect to the South America plate are in quite good agreement with the estimated deformations from NNR-NUVEL1A, but the deformation of the western South America regions is very large.

MEASUREMENTS OF TOTAL CROSS SECTIONS FOR K－SHELL IONIZATION BY ELECTRON BOMBARDMENT

Cross sections for K-shell ionization have been measured at electron energies of 0.1-0.40 MeV for Cu and Sn, and of 0.30MeV for Ag. The present results have been compared with theoretical calculations and previously reported experimental values.

The Dynamic Characteristics of Strain Fields and Crustal Movement before the Wenchuan Earthquake (M_S=8.0)

In this paper, we analyze the crustal movements, strain field changes and large scale dynamic characteristics of horizontal deformation before the Wenchuan earthquake （ Ms = 8.0） using GPS data obtained from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China. The following issues are discussed. First, the strain fields of the Longmeushan fault zone located at the epicenter show slow accumulation, because of the tectonic dynamics process subjected to the eastward movement of the Bayan Har block. Second, the different movements between the Longmenshan fault and South China block are smaller than the errors of GPS observation. Third, the high value of compressive strain （2004 - 2007） is located at the epicenter, which shows that the local squeezing action is stronger than before. Fourth, the data from GPS reference stations in the Chinese Mainland show that crustal shortening is faster than before in the north-eastern direction, which is part of the background of the local tectonic dynamics increase in the Longmenshan fault zone.

Improvement of Theories and Methods in Geodetic Joint Inversion

This paper first establishes the prior globe dynamical model by geophysics,which is a solid earth elastic deformation model.Then,the parameters of the globe dynamic model can be obtained by inverting the geodetic data.The inverse method can be used in seismology and geology,and to make earthquake prediction.

鹰隼试翼 搏击长空——杭州科艺公司简介

杭州科艺电子信息机器公司是近年来内燃机测控行业中冉冉升起的一颗新星.它凭借雄厚的技术开发力量,以品质卓越的产品和热忱的售后服务,很快饮誉国内动力机械制造业,广泛服务于各大内燃机制造厂、各科研院所,倍受用户推崇和信赖.

Fission Track Dating of Authigenic Quartz in Red Weathering Crusts of Carbonate Rocks in Guizhou Province

The Cenozoic evolution history of Guizhou Province, which is located on the southeastern flank of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is unclear because of the lack of sedimentation records. The red weathering crusts widespread on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau may bear critical information about their evolution history. This work firstly determined the ages of four red weathering crusts in eastern, central and northern Guizhou. The material used in fission track dating is well-crystallized quartz occurring in many in-situ weathering crusts of carbonate rocks. The results showed that the fission track ages of quartz vary over a wide range from 1 to 25 Ma in the four profiles, significantly younger than the ages of the Triassic and Cambrian parent rocks. In combination with the evolution history of the regional geology during the period from 25 to 1 Ma, the ages of quartz can exclude the possibility that the origin of quartz has nothing to do with primary clastic minerals in parent rocks, authigenesis during diagenesis and hydrothermal precipitation or roplacement by volcanic activities. It is deduced that the well-crystallized quartz was precipitated from Si-rich weathering fluids during the weathering process of carbonate rocks. The recorded ages of quartz from the four profiles are consistent with the episodes of the planation surfaces on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the forming stages of red soil in the tropics of South China, the tectonically stable periods in Guizhou, and the ages of weathering in other parts of the world during the Cenozoic era. That is to say, the ages of authigenic quartz dated by the fission track method are well feasible and credible.

GPS Observation and Study on Recent Crustal Movement in the Northeastern Area of Pamir,Xinjiang

Calculation of repeated observation data at the densified GPS monitoring network in northeastern area of Pamir together with data from IGS stations in the periphery of the area yielded the movement rate of more than 40 GPS station sites in the area, and, hence, the recent crustal deformation rate pattern and time series of fiducial GPS stations in the area were obtained. The result indicates that the principal movement direction of the GPS station sites is NNW, basically diagonal to the strike of Tianshan fold belt, i.e. a normal compression occurs in the Tianshan region. The movement pattern near Jiashi and its southwestern zone is some different from that of station sites in their surrounding areas, indicating a certain relation of tectonic deformation in Jiashi area to seismic activity during last years. The movement rate of station sites in the periphery of Tarim basin less varies and its direction is basically consistent. It indicates less or basically no deformation within Tarim basin.

Analysis of the Motion and Deformation Characteristics along the Zhangjiakou-Bohai Fault

We have collected GPS data in the period of 1999-2007 from the Crustal Motion Observation Network of China along the Zhangjiakou-Bohai fault and its adjacent regions to study the characteristics of present-day crustal horizontal motion velocities in the research zone.Strain rate components are computed in the spheric coordinate system by the least square collocation method.According to the spatial distribution of the principal strain rate,dilation rate and maximum shear strain rate derived from GPS measurements,this paper analyses the deformation of the subordinary faults of the Zhangjiakou-Bohai fault.The principal compression strain rates are apparently greater than the principal extension strain rates.The larger shear strain rate is mainly in and around the Xianghe,Wenan and Tangshan areas in Hebei Province.According to the profiles across different segments of the Zhangjiakou-Bohai fault,the three segments glong the Zhangjiakou-Bohai fault show an obviously left-lateal strike-slip and compression characteristics.By analysis of the motion characteristics of the blocks,e.g.the Yanshan block,North China Plain block,Ordos block,and Ludong-Huanghai block in and around the North China region,this paper speculates that the dynamics of the motion styles of Zhangjiakou-Bohai fault may directly come from the relative movement between the Yanshan block and the North China plain block,and the ultimate dynamics may be the results of the collison between Indian plate and Eurasian plate,and the persistent northeastward extrusion of the Indian plate.

Average L-Shell Fluorescence Yields of Some Rare Earth Elements

Average L-shell fluorescence yields of some rare earth elements were determined using HPGe detector employing reflection geometry set up. Target atoms were excited using 59.5 keV gamma rays emerging from Am-241 source of strength 300 mCi. Background radiation and multiple scattering effects were minimized by properly shielding the detector. The elemental foils of uniform thickness and 99.9% purity were used in the present investigation. The fluorescent spectra were recorded in a 16 K multichannel - analyzer. The data were carefully analyzed and average L-shell fluorescence yields were calculated. The resulting yield values are compared with the available experimental and theoretical values.

Measurement of Walnut Properties and Analysis on the Compressive Stiffness of the Critical Value of Shell-cracking

Based on the measurement of walnut properties, a computational analysis was conducted on the compressive stiffness of the critical val-ue of shell-cracking. As indicated by the results, to crack the walnuts shell from its longitudinal or edge directions could save lots of efforts. The study provided theoretical basis for the design and improvement of walnut shell-cracking machine as well as theoretical references for the design, mak ng and use of some spec a crack ng-a d ng too s such as nutcracker.

VARIATIONS IN CRUSTAL THICKNESS OF THE KANE TRANSFORM IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN

A new approach was taken to investigate the crustal stucture of the Kane transform and its aseismic extension, using high quality bathymetry and gravity data. The gravity signatures associated with variations in crustal thickness of the transform were isolated from the observed free air anomaly, was continued downward to the mean depth of the crust/mantle interface and converted onto the relief on that surface. The crustal thickness of the transform was then calculated by subtracting seawater depth from the depth of the gravity inferred crust/mantle interface.3 D gravity investigation results indicate that the Kane transform and adjacent areas are associated with a crust thinner than normal oceanic crust. The transform trough is largely underlain by a crust less than 4.5km thick and in the nodal basins the crust may be as thin as 3 km. The crust beneath the fracture zone valley is 4-5.5 km thick. The rift valleys on the spreading segments are also characterized by thin crust (4-5 km thick). Thin oceanic crust extends to 20-30 km from the transform axis,except for some localized places such as the inside corner highs adjoining the ridge transform intersections. These gravity inferred results match fairly well with limited published seismic results. Thinning of the crust is mainly attributable to a thin layer 3, which in turn may be explained by the combined effects of reduced magma supply at the ends of the spreading segments and tectonic activities in the region.