The SHIFT-G technology of inverse catalyst loading is used to optimize the catalyst grading in the residue hydrotreating unit. The results, taken from pilot tests and commercial units, have showed that the optimized c...The SHIFT-G technology of inverse catalyst loading is used to optimize the catalyst grading in the residue hydrotreating unit. The results, taken from pilot tests and commercial units, have showed that the optimized catalyst grading system can reasonably distribute the reaction load, effectively improve the prop- erties of hydrotreated products, prolong the operating cycle and promote economic benefits.展开更多
Pulsed signal experiment was carried out to determine the hydrodynamic behaviours of lateral flow biological aerated filter(LBAF). With the analysis of experimental results, LBAF is viewed as an approximate plug flow ...Pulsed signal experiment was carried out to determine the hydrodynamic behaviours of lateral flow biological aerated filter(LBAF). With the analysis of experimental results, LBAF is viewed as an approximate plug flow reactor, and hydraulic retention time distribution function was derived based on LBAF. The results show that flow rate and aeration strength are two critical factors which influence flow patterns in LBAF reactor. The hydrodynamic behaviour analysis of LBAF is the theoretical basis of future research on improving capacity factor and developing kinetic model for the reactor.展开更多
The changes in properties and structural parameters of four vacuum residue samples before and after ultrasonic treatment were analyzed. Ultrasonic treatment could increase the carbon residue value, decrease the averag...The changes in properties and structural parameters of four vacuum residue samples before and after ultrasonic treatment were analyzed. Ultrasonic treatment could increase the carbon residue value, decrease the average molecular weight and viscosity, which can barely inlfuence the density of vacuum residue. Meanwhile the constitution of residue can be varied including the decrease in the content of saturates, aromatics and asphaltenes, while the increase in the content of resins can lead to an increase in the total content of asphaltenes and resins. Among the four kinds of residue samples, there is a common trend that the more the content of asphaltenes in feedstock is, the more the increase in the content of resins, the more signiifcant decrease in the aromatic content and the less decrease in the saturates content after ultrasonic treatment of residue would be. Changes in the structure and content of asphaltenes caused by ultrasonic treatment have a signiifcant impact on the changes in residue properties. Ultrasonic treatment has changed the structural parameters of residue such as decrease in the total carbon number of average molecule (CTotal), the total number of rings (RT), the aromatic carbon number (CA),the aromatic rings number (RA) and the naphthenic rings number (RN) , and increase of characterization factor (KH). The study has indicated that ultrasonic treatment of vacuum residue can change the average structure of residue, and the changes in the content and structure of asphaltenes are the main cause leading to property changes. The results of residue hydrotreat-ing revealed that coke yield decreased, whereas the gas and light oil yield and conversion increased after ultrasonic treat-ment of vacuum residue.展开更多
In the present work, three medium softening point coal tar pitches were used for comparative thermal stability and under-storage stability investigation. Powders of the pitches were found to be different under storage...In the present work, three medium softening point coal tar pitches were used for comparative thermal stability and under-storage stability investigation. Powders of the pitches were found to be different under storage: one of the pitches was caked and slumped after 7-day or longer storage. For thermal stability investigation the soft temperature treatment (265℃) of coal tar pitches was used. Detailed study of initial and treated pitches was carried out. Experimental results demonstrated that LMW-HC (high low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons) and oxygen content influence pitch quality characteristics in a negative way under long-term storage and lead to highest properties change after thermal stability treatment.展开更多
Ubiquitous breadth of applications and data to quantify the sea and other features need an efficient means to provide information processing technology ensure. This paper analyzes the ubiquitous network application pl...Ubiquitous breadth of applications and data to quantify the sea and other features need an efficient means to provide information processing technology ensure. This paper analyzes the ubiquitous network application platform and its initial request for all kinds of computing and network resources. The current cloud computing technology distributed processing capabilities, which were assessed. And cloud computing in the future will provide a reference to the proposed application of research on cloud computing technology application and a new application fields.展开更多
Wireless local area network(WLAN) is an indivisible part of the next generation wireless system. In this paper, an open Wi-Fi platform is designed and developed with special consideration of real-time signal processin...Wireless local area network(WLAN) is an indivisible part of the next generation wireless system. In this paper, an open Wi-Fi platform is designed and developed with special consideration of real-time signal processing. Such system can help accelerate research and development of future wireless network, especially in the case of cellular/Wi-Fi co-existing networks. This platform is based on the Intel general-purpose processor and the universal software radio peripheral(USRP) radio front end. The design including the physical layer implementations is purely software and is optimized for real-time signal processing on the general purpose processor. In the lab experiment, this platform supports baseband rate up to 700 Mbps with 2 transmitters in 80 MHz bandwidth. A cellular-Wi-Fi signaling interface between the Wi-Fi access point(AP) and the 5G core network is also developed and validated as an example for wireless resource allocation.展开更多
The fingerspelling recognition by hand shape is an important step for developing a human-computer interaction system. A method of fingerspelling recognition by hand shape using HLAC (higher-order local auto-correlat...The fingerspelling recognition by hand shape is an important step for developing a human-computer interaction system. A method of fingerspelling recognition by hand shape using HLAC (higher-order local auto-correlation) features is proposed. Furthermore, in order to use HLAC features more effectively, the use of image processing techniques: reducing an image resolution, dividing an image, and image pre-processing techniques, is also proposed. The experimental results show that the proposed method is promising.展开更多
The disposal of unwanted and expired medications has been a concern to public health practitioners, and patients alike. The objective of the current investigation was to look closely at the practice of patients and ca...The disposal of unwanted and expired medications has been a concern to public health practitioners, and patients alike. The objective of the current investigation was to look closely at the practice of patients and carers in Nablus-Palestine with regard to disposal of unused or expired medicines. The study was a cross-sectional survey administered via face-to-face structured interviews with randomly selected patients, community pharmacists and physicians from Nablus-Palestine. Two hundred and fifty patients/carers completed a questionnaire regarding medicines disposal current practice, effects on environment, and their views to overcome this problem. Most of the people completing the questionnaire (67%) stated that they throw unwanted medicines in the normal household bins, and about 75% think that this can impose illegal and environmental hazards. Nearly half of the questionnaire showed that main reason for need to dispose medicines was possessing expired ones with almost believe there should be more appropriate way to dispose medicines. About 95% said they have not been directed for safe disposal of medicines with 46% thinking that a national campaign can be very educative in this issue mainly through Ministry of Health (54%) followed by .73% of the sampled patients were in favor of national campaign to direct people to safe disposal of medicines. This pilot study in Nablus clearly highlights the need for appropriate method for safe disposal of medicines in Palestine through guidelines in pharmacies and hospitals. A well organized method for collecting unwanted medicines from people should be encouraged through appropriate teaching of patients and caters about effects of waste medicines on environment as well as being domestic hazard. The data and information is valuable for furthering discussions regarding patients behaviour and also provides a basis for future research into determining what quantities of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are disposed, enter the environment and what effects it can impose.展开更多
Iraq is one of the countries that is suffering from water shortage problems and, for this reason, wastewater treatment plants become a necessity to minimize this problem. In this study, the impact of A1-Hilla WWTP (w...Iraq is one of the countries that is suffering from water shortage problems and, for this reason, wastewater treatment plants become a necessity to minimize this problem. In this study, the impact of A1-Hilla WWTP (wastewater treatment plant) on the environment has been studied. This was achieved using SimaPro software package. This software is a powerful tool for analyzing the environmental impact on products during their whole life cycle. A huge amount of knowledge about the environment is built into the program and database, enabling to analyze a product with a minimum of specialized knowledge. The results of LCA (life cycle assessment) showed that the impact and damage on the environment by A1-Hilla WWTP was 41 bad points for each 1 m3 of treated wastewater. The most environmental impacts potentially were global warming, respiratory inorganics and non-renewable energy. The study also showed that most of the effects were the result of the use of cement, steel and electricity consumption.展开更多
Based on gradient control of carbon partitioning between martensite and austenite during heat treatment of steels,a stepping-quenching-partitioning(S-Q-P) process is developed for high strength steels.The S-Q-P proces...Based on gradient control of carbon partitioning between martensite and austenite during heat treatment of steels,a stepping-quenching-partitioning(S-Q-P) process is developed for high strength steels.The S-Q-P process involves several quenching processes at progressively lower temperatures between martensite-start(Ms) and martensite-finish(Mf) temperatures,each followed by a partitioning treatment at either the initial quenching temperature or above that temperature.A novel microstructure is designed based on the S-Q-P process.Sizes and distributions of retained austenite and high-carbon martensite surrounded by martensite laths can be manipulated by the partitioning duration and temperature,and quenching temperature of the S-Q-P process.Alloying element Si is employed in the S-Q-P steel to suppress formation of carbides and create suitable amount of retained austenite.A steel of 0.39C-1.22Mn-1.12Si-0.23Cr(wt.%) treated by the S-Q-P process is endowed with some special microstructural characteristics:some strips of retained austenite located at edges of martensite blocks with high density of dislocations and between martensite laths,some small blocks of twinned martensites distributed among bundles of the low-carbon martensite lath.The mechanical properties of the medium carbon steel after the S-Q-P process can reach ultimate tensile strength(Rm) of 1240 MPa,total elongation(EI) of 25%,and product of strength and ductility(PSD) of 31.2 GPa% that are much more improved than those after the conventional quenching-tempering(Q-T) and currently prevailing quenching-partitioning(Q-P) treatments.The PSD of the tested steel after the S-Q-P process increases by 67% and 32% as compared with those after the Q-T and Q-P processes,respectively.展开更多
文摘The SHIFT-G technology of inverse catalyst loading is used to optimize the catalyst grading in the residue hydrotreating unit. The results, taken from pilot tests and commercial units, have showed that the optimized catalyst grading system can reasonably distribute the reaction load, effectively improve the prop- erties of hydrotreated products, prolong the operating cycle and promote economic benefits.
基金Project(2001BA604A01) supported by the Key Project of National"Tenth Five Year"Science & Technology of China
文摘Pulsed signal experiment was carried out to determine the hydrodynamic behaviours of lateral flow biological aerated filter(LBAF). With the analysis of experimental results, LBAF is viewed as an approximate plug flow reactor, and hydraulic retention time distribution function was derived based on LBAF. The results show that flow rate and aeration strength are two critical factors which influence flow patterns in LBAF reactor. The hydrodynamic behaviour analysis of LBAF is the theoretical basis of future research on improving capacity factor and developing kinetic model for the reactor.
基金support provided by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.11CX05008A)the PetroChina Innovation Foundation(Grant No.2011D-5006-0405)the UPC Innovation Project of Postgraduate(Grant No.CX201304)
文摘The changes in properties and structural parameters of four vacuum residue samples before and after ultrasonic treatment were analyzed. Ultrasonic treatment could increase the carbon residue value, decrease the average molecular weight and viscosity, which can barely inlfuence the density of vacuum residue. Meanwhile the constitution of residue can be varied including the decrease in the content of saturates, aromatics and asphaltenes, while the increase in the content of resins can lead to an increase in the total content of asphaltenes and resins. Among the four kinds of residue samples, there is a common trend that the more the content of asphaltenes in feedstock is, the more the increase in the content of resins, the more signiifcant decrease in the aromatic content and the less decrease in the saturates content after ultrasonic treatment of residue would be. Changes in the structure and content of asphaltenes caused by ultrasonic treatment have a signiifcant impact on the changes in residue properties. Ultrasonic treatment has changed the structural parameters of residue such as decrease in the total carbon number of average molecule (CTotal), the total number of rings (RT), the aromatic carbon number (CA),the aromatic rings number (RA) and the naphthenic rings number (RN) , and increase of characterization factor (KH). The study has indicated that ultrasonic treatment of vacuum residue can change the average structure of residue, and the changes in the content and structure of asphaltenes are the main cause leading to property changes. The results of residue hydrotreat-ing revealed that coke yield decreased, whereas the gas and light oil yield and conversion increased after ultrasonic treat-ment of vacuum residue.
文摘In the present work, three medium softening point coal tar pitches were used for comparative thermal stability and under-storage stability investigation. Powders of the pitches were found to be different under storage: one of the pitches was caked and slumped after 7-day or longer storage. For thermal stability investigation the soft temperature treatment (265℃) of coal tar pitches was used. Detailed study of initial and treated pitches was carried out. Experimental results demonstrated that LMW-HC (high low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons) and oxygen content influence pitch quality characteristics in a negative way under long-term storage and lead to highest properties change after thermal stability treatment.
文摘Ubiquitous breadth of applications and data to quantify the sea and other features need an efficient means to provide information processing technology ensure. This paper analyzes the ubiquitous network application platform and its initial request for all kinds of computing and network resources. The current cloud computing technology distributed processing capabilities, which were assessed. And cloud computing in the future will provide a reference to the proposed application of research on cloud computing technology application and a new application fields.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61671436the Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Shanghai under Grant No. 15511102602, 16511104204
文摘Wireless local area network(WLAN) is an indivisible part of the next generation wireless system. In this paper, an open Wi-Fi platform is designed and developed with special consideration of real-time signal processing. Such system can help accelerate research and development of future wireless network, especially in the case of cellular/Wi-Fi co-existing networks. This platform is based on the Intel general-purpose processor and the universal software radio peripheral(USRP) radio front end. The design including the physical layer implementations is purely software and is optimized for real-time signal processing on the general purpose processor. In the lab experiment, this platform supports baseband rate up to 700 Mbps with 2 transmitters in 80 MHz bandwidth. A cellular-Wi-Fi signaling interface between the Wi-Fi access point(AP) and the 5G core network is also developed and validated as an example for wireless resource allocation.
文摘The fingerspelling recognition by hand shape is an important step for developing a human-computer interaction system. A method of fingerspelling recognition by hand shape using HLAC (higher-order local auto-correlation) features is proposed. Furthermore, in order to use HLAC features more effectively, the use of image processing techniques: reducing an image resolution, dividing an image, and image pre-processing techniques, is also proposed. The experimental results show that the proposed method is promising.
文摘The disposal of unwanted and expired medications has been a concern to public health practitioners, and patients alike. The objective of the current investigation was to look closely at the practice of patients and carers in Nablus-Palestine with regard to disposal of unused or expired medicines. The study was a cross-sectional survey administered via face-to-face structured interviews with randomly selected patients, community pharmacists and physicians from Nablus-Palestine. Two hundred and fifty patients/carers completed a questionnaire regarding medicines disposal current practice, effects on environment, and their views to overcome this problem. Most of the people completing the questionnaire (67%) stated that they throw unwanted medicines in the normal household bins, and about 75% think that this can impose illegal and environmental hazards. Nearly half of the questionnaire showed that main reason for need to dispose medicines was possessing expired ones with almost believe there should be more appropriate way to dispose medicines. About 95% said they have not been directed for safe disposal of medicines with 46% thinking that a national campaign can be very educative in this issue mainly through Ministry of Health (54%) followed by .73% of the sampled patients were in favor of national campaign to direct people to safe disposal of medicines. This pilot study in Nablus clearly highlights the need for appropriate method for safe disposal of medicines in Palestine through guidelines in pharmacies and hospitals. A well organized method for collecting unwanted medicines from people should be encouraged through appropriate teaching of patients and caters about effects of waste medicines on environment as well as being domestic hazard. The data and information is valuable for furthering discussions regarding patients behaviour and also provides a basis for future research into determining what quantities of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are disposed, enter the environment and what effects it can impose.
文摘Iraq is one of the countries that is suffering from water shortage problems and, for this reason, wastewater treatment plants become a necessity to minimize this problem. In this study, the impact of A1-Hilla WWTP (wastewater treatment plant) on the environment has been studied. This was achieved using SimaPro software package. This software is a powerful tool for analyzing the environmental impact on products during their whole life cycle. A huge amount of knowledge about the environment is built into the program and database, enabling to analyze a product with a minimum of specialized knowledge. The results of LCA (life cycle assessment) showed that the impact and damage on the environment by A1-Hilla WWTP was 41 bad points for each 1 m3 of treated wastewater. The most environmental impacts potentially were global warming, respiratory inorganics and non-renewable energy. The study also showed that most of the effects were the result of the use of cement, steel and electricity consumption.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 program) (Grant No. 2010CB630805)
文摘Based on gradient control of carbon partitioning between martensite and austenite during heat treatment of steels,a stepping-quenching-partitioning(S-Q-P) process is developed for high strength steels.The S-Q-P process involves several quenching processes at progressively lower temperatures between martensite-start(Ms) and martensite-finish(Mf) temperatures,each followed by a partitioning treatment at either the initial quenching temperature or above that temperature.A novel microstructure is designed based on the S-Q-P process.Sizes and distributions of retained austenite and high-carbon martensite surrounded by martensite laths can be manipulated by the partitioning duration and temperature,and quenching temperature of the S-Q-P process.Alloying element Si is employed in the S-Q-P steel to suppress formation of carbides and create suitable amount of retained austenite.A steel of 0.39C-1.22Mn-1.12Si-0.23Cr(wt.%) treated by the S-Q-P process is endowed with some special microstructural characteristics:some strips of retained austenite located at edges of martensite blocks with high density of dislocations and between martensite laths,some small blocks of twinned martensites distributed among bundles of the low-carbon martensite lath.The mechanical properties of the medium carbon steel after the S-Q-P process can reach ultimate tensile strength(Rm) of 1240 MPa,total elongation(EI) of 25%,and product of strength and ductility(PSD) of 31.2 GPa% that are much more improved than those after the conventional quenching-tempering(Q-T) and currently prevailing quenching-partitioning(Q-P) treatments.The PSD of the tested steel after the S-Q-P process increases by 67% and 32% as compared with those after the Q-T and Q-P processes,respectively.