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市场“雅尔塔”招致天价重罚 法三大移动运营商操弄市场成被告
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作者 尹趣 《世界电信》 2006年第1期8-11,共4页
在1997~2003年的数年间,法国三大移动运营商即Or-ange、SFR和BouyquesTelecom,在一个相对封闭、进入门槛很高的市场上,定期秘密交换商业数据,协调商业策略和市场举措,订立攻守同盟,人为影响销售价格;更为严重是各公司高层直接参与,密... 在1997~2003年的数年间,法国三大移动运营商即Or-ange、SFR和BouyquesTelecom,在一个相对封闭、进入门槛很高的市场上,定期秘密交换商业数据,协调商业策略和市场举措,订立攻守同盟,人为影响销售价格;更为严重是各公司高层直接参与,密传信息,私分市场,即通过所谓“雅尔塔”方式,稳定各自的市场份额,避免互相竞争,对其他运营商和消费者造成损害。为此,法国竞争监管委员会对三家公司做出总共5.34亿欧元的重罚。消费者协会还将动员消费者进行诉讼,意在追讨给消费者造成的据估计高达12亿欧元的损失。 展开更多
关键词 移动市场 移动远营商 反竞争 雅尔塔 处罚法国 消费者
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Identity Transformation of China through the Anti-Monopoly Law Penalty on Japanese Automotive Parts and Bearings Enterprises
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作者 Ji Huanhuan 《International English Education Research》 2014年第11期1-6,共6页
The identity transformation of China is analyzed through the legal punishment given by China's National Development and Reform Commission on Japanese automotive parts and bearings enterprises that broke China's Mono... The identity transformation of China is analyzed through the legal punishment given by China's National Development and Reform Commission on Japanese automotive parts and bearings enterprises that broke China's Monopoly Law by price- fixing in the automotive parts market of China for more than ten years. The standards for illegal conduction this penalty based are the international Cartel rules, the specific legal procedure is beyond the main concern of this study so the obscurity of how this penalty decided is kept aside for the sake of respecting the painstaking labor fruits of relevant executive departments as well as for dispensing political sensitivity related to any academic analysis developed. Three Japanese newspaper reports concerning this penalty fine are selected for critical discourse analysis. Emotional ambience of them is derogative, neutral, and approving respectively. Foucault's triad relationship of discourse-power-identity is borrowed and the postmodernists' view of the "other" is corroborated with the self-presentation of China. Positive self-presentation is underscored by the contrast of negative other-presentation and vice versa, the negative commendation on this punishment event revealed in certain news coverage is to lessen the negative image of Japanese enterprises because of their shared Japanese identity. However their fundamental tone maybe, the fact that China evolves to be able to handle the illegal international events in its confines with dignity is tacitly recognized as a warning in three newspapers. The new identity of China is thus highlighted as the role of the other by the Japanese media. The reason why Japanese accept it instead of staging substantial resistance is analyzed from the Japanese cultural considerations of the hierarchical sequence or the "weizhiyishi" (positional consciousness or postural consciousness), and the practical reasons of why Hitachi and Nachi commit self-confession is analyzed. All these responses from Japanese side are the manifestation of China's being in charge of the situation, it has the ball at its feet in this power gaming. 展开更多
关键词 Identity transformation power gaming discursive analysis penalty fine
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Chinese Procuratorialsupervision of the Implementation of Criminal Profile
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作者 Jing CHEN Juan LI 《International Journal of Technology Management》 2015年第4期99-101,共3页
In the criminal justice system, the criminal execution though is the last part, but with the conviction and sentencing of the system have the same importance. Criminal conviction and sentencing execution is guaranteed... In the criminal justice system, the criminal execution though is the last part, but with the conviction and sentencing of the system have the same importance. Criminal conviction and sentencing execution is guaranteed to achieve, but also fairness and justice contained in the Criminal Code. In criminal law enforcement issues related to research more deeply refined today, supervision of Criminal changes have also been made to perform individually and have a very important significance. A direct result of the implementation of the activities of Criminal debtor prison of term prison sentences and the way to change the location, and the status of implementation as well as criminal penalties for the personal interests are closely related, and therefore it is a very, important enforcement regime. Under our current legal environment, the high amount of crime, large numbers of people in custody are restdting in criminal arduous tasks. It is coupled with the existing legal provisions for change-flawed execution of supervision that is extremely prone to change in the course of execution carried favoritism, money corruption. Meanwhile, the new introduction of the "Criminal Law Amendment eight," is for which the commutation, parole perform content changes made adjustments and changes.But for the first time, it provides for community corrections system officially to be incorporated into China' s Criminal Law among but the corresponding lack of prosecutorial oversight and other content specific legal provisions, changes are related to the implementation of community Corrections supervision given probation, parole, probation and other penalties to bring the practical operation of the nroblerns. 展开更多
关键词 Chinese Criminal IMPLEMENTATION Prosecutorial Supervision
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