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词的二重性
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作者 王勤 《湘潭大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》 1985年第S2期225-228,共4页
语言中的词,以具有指称客观事物的功能做为语言的建筑材料成为词汇系统中的成员,以具有语言结构造句的功能充当语法系统中的单位。这是词的二重性。如果单就词汇系统中的词来说也有二重性,这是本文要谈的。 语言是一个民族全体成员传递... 语言中的词,以具有指称客观事物的功能做为语言的建筑材料成为词汇系统中的成员,以具有语言结构造句的功能充当语法系统中的单位。这是词的二重性。如果单就词汇系统中的词来说也有二重性,这是本文要谈的。 语言是一个民族全体成员传递信息、进行交际的工具,为全民族成员所共同理解和运用。词的形式(语音形式和书写形式)及其所代表的内容是该民族全体成员所共同规定的, 展开更多
关键词 备用材料 静态 二重性 入句 备用词 使用性 语音形式 语言 社会人群 汇系统
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The Modals as Pragmatic Softening Devices: Evidence From Late Modern English Grammar and Manner Books
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作者 Hiroshi Obara 《Journal of Literature and Art Studies》 2013年第8期518-524,共7页
In this research, the author considers the evidence provided by a corpus of Late Modem English grammars for our understanding of the development of the modals as politeness markers. It is possible to see how the modal... In this research, the author considers the evidence provided by a corpus of Late Modem English grammars for our understanding of the development of the modals as politeness markers. It is possible to see how the modals and their accompanied senses are explained in an official (and often either prescriptive or proscriptive) perspective. This is another aspect which cannot be ascertained from the usage based on corpora which seem to be popular as sources of evidence in historical pragmatics. In this sense, this research brings some novel perspective to this aspect of academic study. It is possible to notice that the significations involves concept or senses which extend across a semantic--pragmatic domain which includes politeness. We can see that certain softening senses are key elements to mark polite usage. The main data used come from the descriptions of the modal auxiliary verb in a corpus of grammar books from the period. Usage and manner books are also consulted as a secondary resource. The manner book in particular is quite helpful for our understanding of how linguistic politeness was regarded at the time. Such texts also help us to find a certain network of senses which are related to polite expressions. 展开更多
关键词 MODALS network of senses historical development politeness expression
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