Exploitation of sustainable energy sources requires the use of unique conversion and storage systems,such as solar panels,batteries,fuel cells,and electronic equipment.Thermal load management of these energy conversio...Exploitation of sustainable energy sources requires the use of unique conversion and storage systems,such as solar panels,batteries,fuel cells,and electronic equipment.Thermal load management of these energy conversion and storage systems is one of their challenges and concerns.In this article,the thermal management of these systems using thermoelectric modules is reviewed.The results show that by choosing the right option to remove heat from the hot side of the thermoelectric modules,it will be a suitable local cooling,and the thermoelectric modules increase the power and lifespan of the system by reducing the spot temperature.Thermoelectric modules were effective in reducing panel temperature.They increase the time to reach a temperature above 50℃ in batteries by 3 to 4 times.Also,in their integration with fuel cells,they increase the power density of the fuel cell.展开更多
Cylindrical nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery with high specific volume capacity was prepared by using the oxyhydroxide Ni(OH)2 and AB5 type hydrogen storage alloy and adjusting the designing parameters of posi...Cylindrical nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery with high specific volume capacity was prepared by using the oxyhydroxide Ni(OH)2 and AB5 type hydrogen storage alloy and adjusting the designing parameters of positive and negative electrodes. The oxyhydroxide Ni(OH)2 was synthesized by oxidizing spherical β-Ni(OH)2 with chemical method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and the Fourier transform infrared (PT-IR) spectra indicated that 7-NiOOH was formed on the oxyhydroxide Ni(OH)2 powders, and some H2O molecules were inserted into their crystal lattice spacing. The battery capacity could not be improved when the oxyhydroxide Ni(OH)2 sample was directly used as the positive active materials. However, based on the conductance and residual capacity of the oxyhydroxide Ni(OH)2 powders, AA size Ni-MH battery with 2560 mA.h capacity and 407 W·h·L^-1 specific volume energy at 0.2C was obtained by using the commercial spherical β-Ni(OH)2 and AB5-type hydrogen-storage alloy powders as the active materials when 10% mass amount of the oxyhydroxide Ni(OH)2 with 2.50 valence was added to the positive active materials and subsequently the battery designing parameters were adjusted as well. The as-prepared battery showed 70% initial capacity after 80 cycles at 0.5C. The possibility for adjusting the capacity ratio of positive and negative electrodes from 1 : 1.35 to 1 : 1.22 was demonstrated preliminarily. It is considered the as-prepared battery can meet the requirement of some special portable electrical instruments.展开更多
Rapid development of portable or wearable devices, which is inspired by requirements of instant messaging,health monitoring and handling official business, urgently demands more tiny, flexible and light power sources....Rapid development of portable or wearable devices, which is inspired by requirements of instant messaging,health monitoring and handling official business, urgently demands more tiny, flexible and light power sources. Fibershaped batteries explored in recent years become a prospective candidate to satisfy these demands. With 1D architecture,the fiber-shaped batteries could be adapted to various deformations and integrated into soft textile and other devices.Numerous researches have been reported and achieved huge promotion. To give an overview of fiber-shaped batteries,we summarized the development of fiber-shaped batteries in this review, and discussed the structure and materials in fiber-shaped batteries. The flexibility of batteries with the potential application of the batteries was also exhibited and showed the future perspective. Finally, challenges in this field were discussed, hoping to reveal research direction towards further development of fiber-shaped batteries.展开更多
Sb-based materials have been considered one of the most promising anode electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries,whereas they were commonly synthesized through time-consuming and costly processes.Here,Sb@Sb2O3/re...Sb-based materials have been considered one of the most promising anode electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries,whereas they were commonly synthesized through time-consuming and costly processes.Here,Sb@Sb2O3/reduced graphene oxide(Sb@Sb2O3/rGO)composite was successfully synthesized by a facile one-pot chemical method at ambient temperature.Based on the XRD and TGA analysis,the mass fractions of Sb and Sb2O3 in the Sb@Sb2O3/rGO composite are ca.34.05%and 26.6%,respectively.When used as an alternative electrode for lithium ion batteries,a high reversible capacity of 790.9 mA·h/g could be delivered after 200 cycles with the capacity retention of 93.8%at a current density of 200 mA/g.And a capacity of 260 mA·h/g could be maintained even at 2000 mA/g.These excellent electrochemical properties can be attributed to its well-constructed nanostructure.The Sb and Sb2O3 particles with size of 10 nm were tightly anchored on rGO sheets through electronic coupling,which could not only alleviate the stress induced by the volume expansion,suppress the aggregation of Sb and Sb2O3 particles,but also improve the electron transfer ability during cycling.展开更多
A promising preparation method for lithium hexafluorophosphate(LiPF6)was introduced.Phosphorus pentafluoride(PF5) was first prepared using CaF2 and P2O5 at 280℃for 3 h.LiPF6 was synthesized in acetonitrile solvent by...A promising preparation method for lithium hexafluorophosphate(LiPF6)was introduced.Phosphorus pentafluoride(PF5) was first prepared using CaF2 and P2O5 at 280℃for 3 h.LiPF6 was synthesized in acetonitrile solvent by LiF and PF5 at room temperature(20-30℃)for 4 h.The synthesized LiPF6 was characterized by infrared spectrometry and X-ray diffraction(XRD). Atomic absorption and ion chromatography results show that the purity of synthesized LiPF6 reaches 99.98%.Thermal stability of self-synthesized LiPF6 was analyzed by differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry.The results indicate that the self-synthesized LiPF6 has higher purity,lower impurity contents and better thermal stability than the commercial LiPF6.展开更多
In the paper,an operational program of electric bus charging station is proposed,which is special for "The Construction Project for Expo 2010 Temporary Electric Bus Charging Station".Based on the quick-chang...In the paper,an operational program of electric bus charging station is proposed,which is special for "The Construction Project for Expo 2010 Temporary Electric Bus Charging Station".Based on the quick-change mode,a vehicle operating schedule model has been established to meet the capacity of transport.Then,according to the quantity of passengers and utilization of batteries,a calculative method of parameters,such as the number of spare batteries and bus departure rules,has been provided.Furthermore,optimal simulation software designed for operating process of the charging station has been identified incorporating actual running data from electric buses and monitoring system of the charging station,and the rationality of the design is verified in the preliminary commissioning and the official operation.展开更多
A new method of preparing thin film metal-hydride electrodes for metal-hydride batteries is described. The method consists of simultaneous deposition of multi-component metallic species onto a substrate while bombardi...A new method of preparing thin film metal-hydride electrodes for metal-hydride batteries is described. The method consists of simultaneous deposition of multi-component metallic species onto a substrate while bombarding the growing, deposited thin film electrode with a low energy hydrogen ion beam An amorphous LaNi4 hydride thin film electrode has been prepared by this Hydrogen Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (HIBAD) technique. The electrochemical discharge capacity and cycle life of this electrode in a 6 M KOH solution surpass previously reported values for La-Ni thin film electrodes prepared by other deposition methods.展开更多
With the proliferation of energy storage and power applications, electric vehicles particularly, solid-state batteries are considered as one of the most promising strategies to address the ever-increasing safety conce...With the proliferation of energy storage and power applications, electric vehicles particularly, solid-state batteries are considered as one of the most promising strategies to address the ever-increasing safety concern and high energy demand of power devices. Here, we demonstrate the Al4B2O9 nanorods-modified poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid polymer electrolyte (ASPE) with high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window, decent mechanical property and nonflammable performance. Specifically, because of the longer-range ordered Li+ transfer channels conducted by the interaction between Al4B2O9 nanorods and PEO, the optimal ASPE (ASPE-1) shows excellent ionic conductivity of 4.35×10^−1 and 3.1×10^−1 S cm^−1 at 30 and 60℃, respectively. It also has good electrochemical stability at 60℃ with a decomposition voltage of 5.1 V. Besides, the assembled LiFePO4//Li cells show good cycling performance, delivering 155 mA h g−1 after 300 cycles at 1 C under 60℃, and present excellent low temperature adaptability, retaining over 125 mA h g^−1 after 90 cycles at 0.2 C under 30℃. These results verify that the addition of Al4B2O9 nanorods can effectively promote the integrated performance of solid polymer electrolyte.展开更多
A polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-[60]fullerene (POSS-C60) dyad was designed and used as a novel electron acceptor for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) with an inverted device configuration. T...A polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-[60]fullerene (POSS-C60) dyad was designed and used as a novel electron acceptor for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) with an inverted device configuration. The studies of time-resolved photoinduced absorption of the pristine thin film of poly[(4,4'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]silole)-2,6-diyl-alt-(4,7-bis (2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)-5,5'-diyl] (SiPCPDTBT) and the composite thin film of SiPCPDTBT:POSS-C60 indicated efficient electron transfer from SiPCPDTBT to POSS-C60 with inhibited back-transfer. BHJ PSCs made by SiPCPDTBT mixed with POSS-C60 yielded the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 1.50%. Under the same operational conditions, PCEs observed from BHJ PSCs made by SiPCPDTBT mixed with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester were 0.92%. These results demonstrated that POSS-C60 is a potentially good electron acceptor for inverted BHJ PSCs.展开更多
Despite red phosphorous(P)-based anodes hold great promise for advanced lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacity, their practical application is hindered by poor electronic conductivity and drastic...Despite red phosphorous(P)-based anodes hold great promise for advanced lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacity, their practical application is hindered by poor electronic conductivity and drastic volume changes during charge-discharge processes. In order to tackle these issues, herein, a facile grinding method was developed to embed sub-micro-and nano-sized red P particles in N,P-codoped hierarchical porous carbon(NPHPC). Such a unique structure enables P@NPHPC long-cyclic stability(1120 mAh g^-1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g^-1) and superior rate performance(248 mA h g^-1 at 6400 mA g^-1). It is believed that our method holds great potential in scalable synthesis of P@carbon composites for future practical applications.展开更多
文摘Exploitation of sustainable energy sources requires the use of unique conversion and storage systems,such as solar panels,batteries,fuel cells,and electronic equipment.Thermal load management of these energy conversion and storage systems is one of their challenges and concerns.In this article,the thermal management of these systems using thermoelectric modules is reviewed.The results show that by choosing the right option to remove heat from the hot side of the thermoelectric modules,it will be a suitable local cooling,and the thermoelectric modules increase the power and lifespan of the system by reducing the spot temperature.Thermoelectric modules were effective in reducing panel temperature.They increase the time to reach a temperature above 50℃ in batteries by 3 to 4 times.Also,in their integration with fuel cells,they increase the power density of the fuel cell.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Department of Education (05Z008) and the Science and Technology Projects of Guangdong Province (2007B030101007).
文摘Cylindrical nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery with high specific volume capacity was prepared by using the oxyhydroxide Ni(OH)2 and AB5 type hydrogen storage alloy and adjusting the designing parameters of positive and negative electrodes. The oxyhydroxide Ni(OH)2 was synthesized by oxidizing spherical β-Ni(OH)2 with chemical method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and the Fourier transform infrared (PT-IR) spectra indicated that 7-NiOOH was formed on the oxyhydroxide Ni(OH)2 powders, and some H2O molecules were inserted into their crystal lattice spacing. The battery capacity could not be improved when the oxyhydroxide Ni(OH)2 sample was directly used as the positive active materials. However, based on the conductance and residual capacity of the oxyhydroxide Ni(OH)2 powders, AA size Ni-MH battery with 2560 mA.h capacity and 407 W·h·L^-1 specific volume energy at 0.2C was obtained by using the commercial spherical β-Ni(OH)2 and AB5-type hydrogen-storage alloy powders as the active materials when 10% mass amount of the oxyhydroxide Ni(OH)2 with 2.50 valence was added to the positive active materials and subsequently the battery designing parameters were adjusted as well. The as-prepared battery showed 70% initial capacity after 80 cycles at 0.5C. The possibility for adjusting the capacity ratio of positive and negative electrodes from 1 : 1.35 to 1 : 1.22 was demonstrated preliminarily. It is considered the as-prepared battery can meet the requirement of some special portable electrical instruments.
基金Project(2016YFB0901503) supported by National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProjects(22075320,21875284) supported by the National Natureal Science Foundation of China。
文摘Rapid development of portable or wearable devices, which is inspired by requirements of instant messaging,health monitoring and handling official business, urgently demands more tiny, flexible and light power sources. Fibershaped batteries explored in recent years become a prospective candidate to satisfy these demands. With 1D architecture,the fiber-shaped batteries could be adapted to various deformations and integrated into soft textile and other devices.Numerous researches have been reported and achieved huge promotion. To give an overview of fiber-shaped batteries,we summarized the development of fiber-shaped batteries in this review, and discussed the structure and materials in fiber-shaped batteries. The flexibility of batteries with the potential application of the batteries was also exhibited and showed the future perspective. Finally, challenges in this field were discussed, hoping to reveal research direction towards further development of fiber-shaped batteries.
基金Project(51462032)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(17JR5RA066)supported by the Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Gansu Province,China
文摘Sb-based materials have been considered one of the most promising anode electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries,whereas they were commonly synthesized through time-consuming and costly processes.Here,Sb@Sb2O3/reduced graphene oxide(Sb@Sb2O3/rGO)composite was successfully synthesized by a facile one-pot chemical method at ambient temperature.Based on the XRD and TGA analysis,the mass fractions of Sb and Sb2O3 in the Sb@Sb2O3/rGO composite are ca.34.05%and 26.6%,respectively.When used as an alternative electrode for lithium ion batteries,a high reversible capacity of 790.9 mA·h/g could be delivered after 200 cycles with the capacity retention of 93.8%at a current density of 200 mA/g.And a capacity of 260 mA·h/g could be maintained even at 2000 mA/g.These excellent electrochemical properties can be attributed to its well-constructed nanostructure.The Sb and Sb2O3 particles with size of 10 nm were tightly anchored on rGO sheets through electronic coupling,which could not only alleviate the stress induced by the volume expansion,suppress the aggregation of Sb and Sb2O3 particles,but also improve the electron transfer ability during cycling.
基金Project(2007CB613607)supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘A promising preparation method for lithium hexafluorophosphate(LiPF6)was introduced.Phosphorus pentafluoride(PF5) was first prepared using CaF2 and P2O5 at 280℃for 3 h.LiPF6 was synthesized in acetonitrile solvent by LiF and PF5 at room temperature(20-30℃)for 4 h.The synthesized LiPF6 was characterized by infrared spectrometry and X-ray diffraction(XRD). Atomic absorption and ion chromatography results show that the purity of synthesized LiPF6 reaches 99.98%.Thermal stability of self-synthesized LiPF6 was analyzed by differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry.The results indicate that the self-synthesized LiPF6 has higher purity,lower impurity contents and better thermal stability than the commercial LiPF6.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Programme of China(No.2011AA05A108)the National NaturalScience Foundation of China(No.71041025)
文摘In the paper,an operational program of electric bus charging station is proposed,which is special for "The Construction Project for Expo 2010 Temporary Electric Bus Charging Station".Based on the quick-change mode,a vehicle operating schedule model has been established to meet the capacity of transport.Then,according to the quantity of passengers and utilization of batteries,a calculative method of parameters,such as the number of spare batteries and bus departure rules,has been provided.Furthermore,optimal simulation software designed for operating process of the charging station has been identified incorporating actual running data from electric buses and monitoring system of the charging station,and the rationality of the design is verified in the preliminary commissioning and the official operation.
文摘A new method of preparing thin film metal-hydride electrodes for metal-hydride batteries is described. The method consists of simultaneous deposition of multi-component metallic species onto a substrate while bombarding the growing, deposited thin film electrode with a low energy hydrogen ion beam An amorphous LaNi4 hydride thin film electrode has been prepared by this Hydrogen Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (HIBAD) technique. The electrochemical discharge capacity and cycle life of this electrode in a 6 M KOH solution surpass previously reported values for La-Ni thin film electrodes prepared by other deposition methods.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51804344)the Huxiang Youth Talent Support Program (2019RS2002)+2 种基金the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Hunan Province,China (2018GK5026)the Innovation-Driven Project of Central South University (2020CX027)Guangdong Yang Fan Plan for Postdoctor Program
文摘With the proliferation of energy storage and power applications, electric vehicles particularly, solid-state batteries are considered as one of the most promising strategies to address the ever-increasing safety concern and high energy demand of power devices. Here, we demonstrate the Al4B2O9 nanorods-modified poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid polymer electrolyte (ASPE) with high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window, decent mechanical property and nonflammable performance. Specifically, because of the longer-range ordered Li+ transfer channels conducted by the interaction between Al4B2O9 nanorods and PEO, the optimal ASPE (ASPE-1) shows excellent ionic conductivity of 4.35×10^−1 and 3.1×10^−1 S cm^−1 at 30 and 60℃, respectively. It also has good electrochemical stability at 60℃ with a decomposition voltage of 5.1 V. Besides, the assembled LiFePO4//Li cells show good cycling performance, delivering 155 mA h g−1 after 300 cycles at 1 C under 60℃, and present excellent low temperature adaptability, retaining over 125 mA h g^−1 after 90 cycles at 0.2 C under 30℃. These results verify that the addition of Al4B2O9 nanorods can effectively promote the integrated performance of solid polymer electrolyte.
基金supported by the US NSF (DMR-0906898)the Joint Research Fund for Overseas Chinese Scholars, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (5082830)
文摘A polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-[60]fullerene (POSS-C60) dyad was designed and used as a novel electron acceptor for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) with an inverted device configuration. The studies of time-resolved photoinduced absorption of the pristine thin film of poly[(4,4'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]silole)-2,6-diyl-alt-(4,7-bis (2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)-5,5'-diyl] (SiPCPDTBT) and the composite thin film of SiPCPDTBT:POSS-C60 indicated efficient electron transfer from SiPCPDTBT to POSS-C60 with inhibited back-transfer. BHJ PSCs made by SiPCPDTBT mixed with POSS-C60 yielded the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 1.50%. Under the same operational conditions, PCEs observed from BHJ PSCs made by SiPCPDTBT mixed with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester were 0.92%. These results demonstrated that POSS-C60 is a potentially good electron acceptor for inverted BHJ PSCs.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2015CB932200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61704076)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20171018)Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor Program (54935012)the support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (31020180QD094)
文摘Despite red phosphorous(P)-based anodes hold great promise for advanced lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacity, their practical application is hindered by poor electronic conductivity and drastic volume changes during charge-discharge processes. In order to tackle these issues, herein, a facile grinding method was developed to embed sub-micro-and nano-sized red P particles in N,P-codoped hierarchical porous carbon(NPHPC). Such a unique structure enables P@NPHPC long-cyclic stability(1120 mAh g^-1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g^-1) and superior rate performance(248 mA h g^-1 at 6400 mA g^-1). It is believed that our method holds great potential in scalable synthesis of P@carbon composites for future practical applications.