浅谈钢筋砼中钢筋的腐蚀和复修

本文作者针对钢筋砼中的钢筋腐蚀产生的原因及破坏性进行了分析,并对复修的几种办法进行阐述。

Study on effects and treatment of ocean oil pollution

Because of the special physico-chemical properties and toxicity of oil in ocean, it causes the acute and chronic toxicity in marine life, through food chain comes into human body, has a serious harm on human＇s health. This test analysis influence of oil pollution in ocean, provides theoretical guidance of governing.

Evaluation of Blast-Resistant Performance Predicted by Damaged Plasticity Model for Concrete

in order to evaluate the capacity of reinforced concrete （RC） structures subjected to blast Ioadings, the damaged plasticity model for concrete was used in the analysis of the dynamic responses of blast-loaded RC structures, and all three failure modes were numerically simulated by the finite element software ABAQUS. Simulation results agree with the experimental observations. It is demonstrated that the damaged plasticity model for concrete in the finite element software ABAQUS can predict dynamic responses and typical flexure, flexure-shear and direct shear failure modes of the blast-loaded RC structures.

Tissue engineering for the repair of peripheral nerve injury

Peripheral nerve injury is a common clinical problem and affects the quality of life of patients. Traditional restoration methods are not satisfactory. Researchers increasingly focus on the field of tissue engineering. The three key points in establishing a tissue engineering material are the biological scaffold material, the seed cells and various growth factors. Understanding the type of nerve injury, the construction of scaffold and the process of repair are necessary to solve peripheral nerve injury and promote its regeneration. This review describes the categories of peripheral nerve injury, fundamental research of peripheral nervous tissue engineering and clinical research on peripheral nerve scaffold material, and paves a way for related research and the use of conduits in clinical practice.

Fast Fault Isolation and Restoration of Looped MV Network

A new fault isolation and restoration technique employing local Ethemet network for the looped MV circuit is presented. It can isolate all short circuit faults in the loop within 300 ms and restore the supply of healthy sections in less than 1.2 s. A reliable fault location method of isolating the single phase-to-ground fault （SPGF） in the non-effectively earthed network, which makes use of the fault generated transient signals, is also proposed. And the method locates the SPGF by examining transient zero-mode current correlation, which is not influenced by the neutral grounding mode and need no additional device. Laboratory test and simulation results show the proposed techniques are feasible, and significantly improve the supply reliability.

Introduction of a Japan Concrete Institute Guideline： Practical Guideline for Investigation, Repair and Strengthening of Cracked Concrete Structures

There are many cracked concrete structures worldwide. Although there have been numerous efforts to eliminate cracks, some cracks are very harmful and should be repaired as soon as possible. On the other hand, some cracks are almost harmless. So, a good guideline regarding how to deal with cracks in concrete structures is needed. In this guideline, the practical investigation, repair and strengthening method of cracked concrete structures is discussed. And the detecting subjects are cracks generated immediately after casting and during the service time. This guideline targets on the owners （including managers） of concrete structure and the engineers working for the maintenance of concrete structure. JCI （Japan Concrete Institute） published first version of ＂Practical Guideline for Investigation and Repair of Cracked Concrete Structures＂ in 1980, and then the fourth version titled ＂Practical Guideline for Investigation, Repair and Strengthening of Cracked Concrete Structures--2009＂ was published. This guideline is very practical when cracks are observed in existing concrete structures, in any other countries as well as in Japan. These three authors led the establishment of this guideline.

Operation Phase Problems of Prefabricated Residential Buildings with Integrated Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Panel Walls

Growing technical problems with the maintenance of precast concrete housing stock result in the search for efficient repair methods. The paper analyses the effects of flaws in the design concept and assembly accuracy of integrated AAC （autoclaved aerated concrete） panel walls, type GWO （Gazobetonowa Wielka P｜yta Ostonowa which means large cover panel from aerated concrete in English）, used as curtain walls in a system of precast concrete housing blocks erected in Lublin. The results of in-situ observations and laboratory tests of the panel walls have been described, and the opinion on the further use of these elements has been presented. As for the analysed case, there is no possibility of replacing damaged elements, thus, additional reinforcement with steel tendons has been proposed as a repair measure.

Screening and diagnosis of endometrial cancer in Lynch syndrome

Lynch syndrome （LS） is an autosomal dominant inherited cancer predisposition syndrome caused by a mismatch of DNA repair （MMR system）. Lifetime risk of developing endometrial and ovarian cancer in LS is higher than in the general population and gynecologic screening appears interesting. Screening is based on several tests： pelvic ultrasound, endometrial biopsy and hysteroscopy for endometrial cancer, pelvic ultrasound and CA125 for ovarian cancer. Those tests appear efficient for the diagnosis of gynecologic cancers in LS. Nevertheless, screening tests have not proved clinical benefit until now, and potential problems of compliance, risk of false negative cases, and interval cancer associated with screening do justify offering prophylactic surgery to patients. Women with LS should be informed of the potential benefits and risks of screening and the importance of evaluation in case of gynecologic symptoms or abnormal bleeding. Chemoprevention by progestin-containing oral contraceptives and the treatment ofthe potential benefits and risks of screening and the importance of evaluation in case of gynecologic symptoms or abnormal bleeding. Chemoprevention by progestin-containing oral contraceptives and the treatment of premalignant lesion are available options for reducing the risk of endometrial cancer in LS population.

Research on the Progress of Environmental Remediation Methodologies under the Conditions of Oil and Heavy Metal Pollution

In this paper, we conduct research on the progress of environmental remediation methodologies under the conditions of oil and heavy metal pollution. The main repair contaminated soil measures include chemical, physical and chemical measures, biological repair measures and agricultural ecological measures, engineering measures, etc. Selection principle is to adjust measures to local conditions, at the same time, take the technical, economic and effects of factors such as accessibility. After comparing the mentioned techniques, we conclude that the bioremediation method holds the best effectiveness for us to make contribution to the environmental protection. In final part, we give the conclusion and sct up the prospect.

Adiabatic correction for the esterification of acetic anhydride by methanol via accurate kinetics

In the field of adiabatic correction for complex reactions,a simple one-stage kinetic model was used to estimate the real reaction kinetics.However,this assumption simplified the real process,inevitably generated inaccurate or even unsafe results.Therefore,it was necessary to find a new correction method for complex reactions.In this work,esterification of acetic anhydride by methanol was chosen as an object reaction of study.The reaction was studied under different conditions by Reaction Calorimeter(RC1).Then,Thermal Safety Software(TSS)was used to establish the kinetic model and estimate the parameters,where,activation energies for three stages were67.09,81.02,73.77 kJ?mol^(-1)respectively,and corresponding frequency factors in logarithmic form were 16.05,19.59,15.72 s^(-1).In addition,two adiabatic tests were performed by Vent Sizing Package2(VSP2).For accurate correction of VSP2 tests,a new correction method based on Enhanced Fisher method was proposed.Combined with kinetics,adiabatic correction of esterification reaction was achieved.Through this research,accurate kinetic parameters for a three-step kinetic model of the esterification reaction were acquired.Furthermore,the correlation coefficients between simulated curves and corrected curves were 0.976 and 0.968,which proved the accuracy of proposed new adiabatic correction method.Based on this new method,conservative corrected results were able to be acquired and be applied in safety assessment.

The research progress on carbon fixation and oxygen release of phytoremediation

To create evaluation methods in reclamation area according to specific conditions in coal mines, introduced the re- search trends both at home and abroad on plants＇ carbon fixation and oxygen release, offered, at the same time, several method models on carbon fixation and oxygen release by plants, and gave some suggestions in this field on the basis of reading the ex- periences of former experts. Finally, used biomass method and instrument measurement method to analyze carbon emission benefits in the study area.

Strengthening and Restoration of Historical Structures Mirahor Ilyas Beg Mosque in Korca

The Mirahor Ilyas Beg Mosque, built in 1496 in Korea, is one of a few Ottoman mosques still existing in Albania and the only Ottoman monument in the city. The mosque was built using cut stone and brick. It has a strong image a cubic mass rising over a square plan. Inside there are found pictures of the mosque in the past and different famous mosques. During its existence, it was damaged from many earthquakes occurring at this area. Due to amortization, the mosque＇s structural properties were weakened and architectural values were dimmed. Proper strengthening methods need to be applied, not only to improve structural conditions, but also to preserve architectural features of the mosque. In this paper assessment of existing conditions of the structure is carried out Based on the obtained results, solutions for the structural problems are investigated. As for restoration, the repair methods to be applied were examined taking into consideration at what extent the historical values of the building will be preserved. The proposed strengthening methods are the ones which would affect the least the mosque＇s historical values.

Autogenous standard versus inside-out vein graft to repair facial nerve in rabbits

Objective： To evaluate autogenous vein grafts and inside-out vein grafts as conduits for the defects repair in the rabbit facial nerves. Methods： The 10 nun segments of buccal division of facial nerve were transected for 48 rabbits in this study. Then the gaps were immediately repaired by autogenous vein grafts or inside-out vein grafts in different groups. All the animals underwent the whisker movement test and electrophysiologic test during the following 16 weeks at different time points postoperatively. Subsequently, the histological examination was performed to observe the facial nerve regeneration morphologically. Results： At 8 weeks after operation, the facial nerve regeneration has significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in electrophysiologic test and histological observation. However, at the end of this study, 16 weeks after operation, there was no signifi- cant difference between inside-out vein grafts and standard vein grafts in enhancing peripheral nerve regeneration. Conclusion： This study suggest that both kinds of vein grafts play positive roles in facial nerve regeneration after being repaired immediately, but the autogenous inside-out vein grafts might accelerate and facilitate axonal regeneration as compared with control.

Use of High-Yielding Bioenergy Plant Castor Bean(Ricinus communis L.) as a Potential Phytoremediator for Copper-Contaminated Soils

Copper （Cu） contamination in the environment has been increased during the years with agricultural and industrial activities. Biotechnological approaches are needed for bioremediation in these areas. The aims of this study were i） to evaluate the phytoreme- diation capacity of the high-yielding bioenergy plant castor bean （Ricinus communis L.） in vineyard soils （Inceptisol and Mollisol） contaminated with Cu and a Cu mining waste; ii） to characterize the castor bean as a Cu phytoremediation plant; and iii） to evaluate the nutrient uptake by castor bean. Castor bean plants cultivated in soil with toxic levels of Cu for 57 d exhibited high phytomass production, a high tolerance index of roots＇ fresh mass and shoots＇ dry mass, a high level of Cu phytoaccumulation in the roots and also, a robust capacity for Cu phytostabilization. Furthermore, castor bean plants did not significantly deplete soil nutrients （such as N, P, and Mg） during cultivation. Plants cultivated in Inceptisol, Mollisol and Cu mining waste exhibited a strong potential for Cu phytoaccumulation, with values of 5900, 3 052 and 2805 g ha-1, respectively. In addition, the castor bean＇s elevated phytomass production and strong growth in Cu-contaminated soils indicated a high level of Cu phytoaccumulation and a potential application in biofuels. These findings indicate that the castor bean is a efficient hyperaccumulator of Cu and a potential candidate plant for the phytoremediation of Cu-contaminated soil.

Orthopedic trauma of limbs associated with vascular injuries

Objective:To evaluate the treatment for patients with major vascular injuries associated with traumatic orthopedic injuries. Methods:A total of 196 patients,aged from 4-67 years with the mean age of 29.88 years,had major vascular injuries associated with traumatic orthopedic injuries and were treated in our hospital in a period of 44 years.The most common mechanism of trauma was blunt trauma (67.3%),open injuries accounted for 32.4% and 54.5% of the injuries were located in the lower extremities.The vascular injury frequently happened in the femoral artery (26.7%)and popliteal artery(20.3%).The treatment principle consisted of aggressive resuscitation,Doppler imaging and stable bone internal fixation with subsequent vascular repair and debridement.The vascular repair for injuries included end-to-end anastomosis(80 cases, 39.6%),interpositional vein graft(94,46.5%),vascular decompression through fracture distraction(18,8.9%), arterial ligation(6,3.0%),vein patch(2,1.0%), bypass graft(2,1.0%),venous repair including autogenous vein graft(9,24.3%)and ligation(28, 75.7%)and prophylactical fasciotomy(15,7.4%). Postoperative amputation was performed in 16 cases (16.3%). Results:No intraoperative death was observed and all fractures united within 6 months.Limbs were salvaged in 180 patients(91.8%).Among these patients,early complications were found in 19 patients(9.7%) and late complications were observed in 8 patients(4.1%). Conclusions:A well-organized approach,based on a specific treatment principle,not only improves clinical outcome but also does good to excellent functional recovery for patients with severe orthopedic injuries and concomitant vascular lesion.

Biomechanical effect of major extremity vessels in choosing repair methods for peripheral artery injury

Objective： To investigate the biomechanical effect of major extremity vessels to choose appropriate repair methods for vascular injuries of the extremities. Methods ： The data of 385 patients （337 males and 48 females, aged 18-71 years, mean = 32.6 years ） including 403 injured vessels, who suffered from vascular injuries of the extremities and were treated in our hospital from October 1960 to August 2005, were studied retrospectively in this article. We compared the results of different repair methods for the defect of vessels and evaluated different injured vessels for repairing arterial injuries with anastomosis and venous graft, respectively. Results： A significant difference was found between the defect lengths of the arteries repaired with anastomosis and venous graft （ P 〈 0. 0001 ）. The upper limits of the confidence interval in the defect lengths of the brachial artery, the femoral artery and the popliteal artery were 3.43 cm, 2. 38 cm and 2. 42 cm, respectively, when repaired with anastomosis. The lower limits were 2.16 cm, 2.16 cm and 1. 63 cm, respectively, when repaired with venous graft. The defect length of each artery repaired with venous graft had linear correlation with the graft length. Conclusion - Because of the longitudinal biomechanical difference of different options of repair arterial injuries. human peripheral vessels, are necessary for different arterial injuries.

The ft values of the superallowed Fermi beta decays

In this work, the ft values of the 0+ →0+ superallowed Fermi beta decays have been investigated. In the calculations, the shell model has been modified by Pyatov's restoration method because of the isospin breaking and the transition matrix elements have been found by means of the quasi-particle random phase approximation (QRPA).

A simple skin flap plasty to repair tracheocutaneous fistula after tracheotomy

The tracheocutaneous fistula after tracheostomy is a complex clinical problem. An ideal fistula closure is still difficult at present though a variety of fistula-closing methods have been reported in the literature. We used a turnover skin flap to cover the fistula. All the procedures were completed at bedside under local anesthesia. The fistula was successfully closed and well healed without complications within 7-9 days. It has been proven that this operation is simple, effective, and safe.