MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are important post-transcriptional regulators of their target genes in plants and animals, miRNAs are usually 20-24 nucleotides long. Despite their unusually small sizes, the evolutionary history ...MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are important post-transcriptional regulators of their target genes in plants and animals, miRNAs are usually 20-24 nucleotides long. Despite their unusually small sizes, the evolutionary history of miRNA gene families seems to be similar to their protein-codingcounterparts. In contrast to the small but abundant miRNA families in the animal genomes, plants have fewer but larger miRNA gene families. Members of plant miRNA gene families are often highly similar, suggesting recent expansion via tandem gene duplication and segmental duplication events. Although many miRNA genes are conserved across plant species, the same gene family varies significantly in size and genomic organization in different species, which may cause dosage effects and spatial and temporal differences in target gene regulations. In this review, we summarize the current progress in understanding the evolution of plant miRNA gene families.展开更多
Micro-supercapacitors（MSCs） have emerged as one competitive candidate of high-performance, flexible, safe,portable and wearable energy storage devices. However, improving their electrochemical performance from elect...Micro-supercapacitors（MSCs） have emerged as one competitive candidate of high-performance, flexible, safe,portable and wearable energy storage devices. However, improving their electrochemical performance from electrode materials to assembled devices still remains huge challenges.Here, we for the first time synthesized two-dimensional（2D）,ultrathin, mesoporous polypyrrole-based graphene nanosheets uniformly anchored with redox polyoxometalate（mPPy@rGO-POM） by soft template approach. Further, using a layer-by-layer deposition and mask-assisted technique, the compactly stacked and sandwich-like hybrid film（mPGM）based on pseudocapacitive mPPy@rGO-POM nano sheets and electrochemically exfoliated graphene was directly fabricated as binder-and additive-free interdigital electrodes for all-solid-state planar micro-supercapacitors（mPGM-MSCs）. Notably, the resulted mPGM-MSCs exhibited outstanding areal capacitance（115 mF cm^-2）, remarkably enhanced volumetric capacitance（137 F cm^-3 at 1 mV s^-1） in comparison with MSCs based on the films of mPPy@rGO without POM anchoring（95 F cm^-3）, and non-porous polypyrrole-graphene（68 F cm^-3）.Further, mPGM-MSCs disclosed robust mechanical flexibility with ～96% of capacitance retention at a highly bending angle of 180°, and impressive parallel or serial interconnection for boosting capacitance or voltage output. As a consequence, our proposed strategy of filling the redox species into mesoporous graphene and other 2D nanosheets will open up new ways to manufacture high-compact and flexible energy storage devices ranging from supercapacitors to batteries.展开更多
文摘MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are important post-transcriptional regulators of their target genes in plants and animals, miRNAs are usually 20-24 nucleotides long. Despite their unusually small sizes, the evolutionary history of miRNA gene families seems to be similar to their protein-codingcounterparts. In contrast to the small but abundant miRNA families in the animal genomes, plants have fewer but larger miRNA gene families. Members of plant miRNA gene families are often highly similar, suggesting recent expansion via tandem gene duplication and segmental duplication events. Although many miRNA genes are conserved across plant species, the same gene family varies significantly in size and genomic organization in different species, which may cause dosage effects and spatial and temporal differences in target gene regulations. In this review, we summarize the current progress in understanding the evolution of plant miRNA gene families.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51572259)National Key R&D Program of China (2016YBFO100100 and 2016YFA0200200)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (201602737)Recruitment Program of Global Expert (1000 Talent Plan),DICPChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2016M601348)Exploratory Research Program of Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum (Group) Co.,LTD & DICP
文摘Micro-supercapacitors（MSCs） have emerged as one competitive candidate of high-performance, flexible, safe,portable and wearable energy storage devices. However, improving their electrochemical performance from electrode materials to assembled devices still remains huge challenges.Here, we for the first time synthesized two-dimensional（2D）,ultrathin, mesoporous polypyrrole-based graphene nanosheets uniformly anchored with redox polyoxometalate（mPPy@rGO-POM） by soft template approach. Further, using a layer-by-layer deposition and mask-assisted technique, the compactly stacked and sandwich-like hybrid film（mPGM）based on pseudocapacitive mPPy@rGO-POM nano sheets and electrochemically exfoliated graphene was directly fabricated as binder-and additive-free interdigital electrodes for all-solid-state planar micro-supercapacitors（mPGM-MSCs）. Notably, the resulted mPGM-MSCs exhibited outstanding areal capacitance（115 mF cm^-2）, remarkably enhanced volumetric capacitance（137 F cm^-3 at 1 mV s^-1） in comparison with MSCs based on the films of mPPy@rGO without POM anchoring（95 F cm^-3）, and non-porous polypyrrole-graphene（68 F cm^-3）.Further, mPGM-MSCs disclosed robust mechanical flexibility with ～96% of capacitance retention at a highly bending angle of 180°, and impressive parallel or serial interconnection for boosting capacitance or voltage output. As a consequence, our proposed strategy of filling the redox species into mesoporous graphene and other 2D nanosheets will open up new ways to manufacture high-compact and flexible energy storage devices ranging from supercapacitors to batteries.
