Objective: We aimed to study the relative factors of lymph node metastasis of esophageal carcinoma, and to analyze the distribution rule of lymph node metastasis of post esophagectomy patients for guiding the radiothe...Objective: We aimed to study the relative factors of lymph node metastasis of esophageal carcinoma, and to analyze the distribution rule of lymph node metastasis of post esophagectomy patients for guiding the radiotherapy. Methods: To collect the patients' data (102 cases) in our hospital from 2001 to 2009, who were found lymph node metastasis confirmed by pathologic in a certain period of time after esophageal cancer surgery. The factors affected the lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer were analysed by single logistic regression and Logistic Regression Method. To analyze the rule of post-operative lymph node metastasis in different regions, according to the lymph node partition, in accordance with paragraphs of esophageal cancer in different groups. Results: Of the 102 patients after esophageal cancer surgery, who were confirmed by pathological examination, 50 cases had positive lymph node metastasis and 52 cases had negative, the lymph node metastasis rate was 49.0%. Lymph node metastasis rates of different depth, length and paragraph of tumor invasion had statistical difference (P < 0.05). The impact on lymph node metastasis rates of the different age and degree of differentiation had no statistical difference (P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the lesion length, depth of invasion and paragraph of tumor were meaningful factors affecting the lymph node metastasis. Of the 102 patients, 132 sites node metastasis were found by imaging study and histopathology with lower neck and supraclavicular node 59 (44.70%), upper mediastinum node 51 (38.64%), A-P windows node 1 (0.76%), anterior mediastinum node 1 (0.76%), Subcarinal node 5 (3.79%), paraesopha- geal node 3 (2.27%), hilar node 3 (2.27%), abdominal node 9 (6.82%). Conclusion: The length and depth of invasion, and paragraph of esophageal cancer are meaningful factors that affect the lymph node metastasis. The longer of lesion, deeper of infiltration and lower of paragraph, the easier to get independently lymph node metastasis. The postoperative lymph node metastasis was mainly distributed in the lower neck and supraclavicular region and upper mediastinal region, which is the focus of postoperative radiotherapy.展开更多
On November 14, 2001, an extraordinarily large earthquake (MS8.1) occurred on the Hoh Sai Hu segment of the Eastern Kunlun Fault, in the northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The seismogenic fault, the Hoh Sai Hu segment,...On November 14, 2001, an extraordinarily large earthquake (MS8.1) occurred on the Hoh Sai Hu segment of the Eastern Kunlun Fault, in the northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The seismogenic fault, the Hoh Sai Hu segment, is a left-lateral fault with a high slip rate in geological history, with the average slip rate reaching(14.8±2.8)mm/a since the late Pleistocene. Different slip rates of the Hoh Sai Hu segment can affect fault motion in the future. Therefore, this paper analyzes the effect of different slip rates and different initial friction coefficients on the fault plane of the Hoh Sai Hu segment of the eastern Kunlun Fault on the rupture behaviors of the fault. In this research, we apply the single degree of spring block model controlled by the rateand state-dependent frictional constitutive laws. Using the fault dislocation model and based on ancient earthquake research, historical earthquakes data and the achievements of previous researchers, we obtained the parameters of this model. Through numerical simulation of the rupturing motion of the Hoh Sai Hu segment in the next 6500 years under different slip rates, we find that a faster annual slip rate will shorten the recurrence interval of the earthquake. For example, the earthquake recurrence interval is 2100a at a slip rate of 0.014m/a, which agrees with previous research, but, the recurrence interval will be 1000~1500a and 2100～2500a, corresponding to the slip rates of 0.018m/a and 0.008m/a, respectively. The fault slip rate has no regular effect on the coseismic slip rate and fault displacement in an earthquake. The initial friction coefficient on the fault surface has an effect on the earthquake recurrence interval. A smaller initial friction coefficient will lengthen the earthquake recurrence interval. At the same time, the smaller initial friction coefficient will lead to larger slip rates and fault displacement when earthquakes occur.展开更多
文摘Objective: We aimed to study the relative factors of lymph node metastasis of esophageal carcinoma, and to analyze the distribution rule of lymph node metastasis of post esophagectomy patients for guiding the radiotherapy. Methods: To collect the patients' data (102 cases) in our hospital from 2001 to 2009, who were found lymph node metastasis confirmed by pathologic in a certain period of time after esophageal cancer surgery. The factors affected the lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer were analysed by single logistic regression and Logistic Regression Method. To analyze the rule of post-operative lymph node metastasis in different regions, according to the lymph node partition, in accordance with paragraphs of esophageal cancer in different groups. Results: Of the 102 patients after esophageal cancer surgery, who were confirmed by pathological examination, 50 cases had positive lymph node metastasis and 52 cases had negative, the lymph node metastasis rate was 49.0%. Lymph node metastasis rates of different depth, length and paragraph of tumor invasion had statistical difference (P < 0.05). The impact on lymph node metastasis rates of the different age and degree of differentiation had no statistical difference (P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the lesion length, depth of invasion and paragraph of tumor were meaningful factors affecting the lymph node metastasis. Of the 102 patients, 132 sites node metastasis were found by imaging study and histopathology with lower neck and supraclavicular node 59 (44.70%), upper mediastinum node 51 (38.64%), A-P windows node 1 (0.76%), anterior mediastinum node 1 (0.76%), Subcarinal node 5 (3.79%), paraesopha- geal node 3 (2.27%), hilar node 3 (2.27%), abdominal node 9 (6.82%). Conclusion: The length and depth of invasion, and paragraph of esophageal cancer are meaningful factors that affect the lymph node metastasis. The longer of lesion, deeper of infiltration and lower of paragraph, the easier to get independently lymph node metastasis. The postoperative lymph node metastasis was mainly distributed in the lower neck and supraclavicular region and upper mediastinal region, which is the focus of postoperative radiotherapy.
基金jointly sponsored by the Special Program of Basic R&D Fund,Institute of Geology,CEAthe Seismic Industry Research Program,CEA( 200808018)
文摘On November 14, 2001, an extraordinarily large earthquake (MS8.1) occurred on the Hoh Sai Hu segment of the Eastern Kunlun Fault, in the northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The seismogenic fault, the Hoh Sai Hu segment, is a left-lateral fault with a high slip rate in geological history, with the average slip rate reaching(14.8±2.8)mm/a since the late Pleistocene. Different slip rates of the Hoh Sai Hu segment can affect fault motion in the future. Therefore, this paper analyzes the effect of different slip rates and different initial friction coefficients on the fault plane of the Hoh Sai Hu segment of the eastern Kunlun Fault on the rupture behaviors of the fault. In this research, we apply the single degree of spring block model controlled by the rateand state-dependent frictional constitutive laws. Using the fault dislocation model and based on ancient earthquake research, historical earthquakes data and the achievements of previous researchers, we obtained the parameters of this model. Through numerical simulation of the rupturing motion of the Hoh Sai Hu segment in the next 6500 years under different slip rates, we find that a faster annual slip rate will shorten the recurrence interval of the earthquake. For example, the earthquake recurrence interval is 2100a at a slip rate of 0.014m/a, which agrees with previous research, but, the recurrence interval will be 1000~1500a and 2100～2500a, corresponding to the slip rates of 0.018m/a and 0.008m/a, respectively. The fault slip rate has no regular effect on the coseismic slip rate and fault displacement in an earthquake. The initial friction coefficient on the fault surface has an effect on the earthquake recurrence interval. A smaller initial friction coefficient will lengthen the earthquake recurrence interval. At the same time, the smaller initial friction coefficient will lead to larger slip rates and fault displacement when earthquakes occur.
