复变分析与量子力学:演化算符的微扰方法

本文给出了获得演化算符微扰展开到任意阶显式的一种简单方法．

达茂旗干旱牧区59年气候变化规律分析

气候变化是影响我国北方干旱牧区草原生态的重要因子,利用达茂旗周边12个气象站点空间插值1954~2012年的气温、降水量等气象资料,采用线性倾向估计法、Mann-Kendll 突变诊断和 mor-let 复变小波分析等方法,对达茂旗气候特征进行了分析。结果表明：近59年来,达茂旗年均气温呈上升趋势,上升速率为0.41℃/（10 a）,降水变化趋势不明显。通过 M-K 突变检验,进一步验证了年平均气温及降水的变化趋势,同时,确定了研究区年平均气温在20世纪80年代的增暖是一突变现象,具体是从1986年开始。通过 morlet 复变小波分析,研究区年平均气温演变过程中存在着3~7 a,8~16 a,17~32 a 的3类尺度的周期变化规律；在年降水演变过程中存在3~6 a,7~9 a,12~22 a 的3类尺度的周期变化规律。

高地应力条件下高边墙洞室劈裂破坏机制分析方法与工程应用研究

本文以瀑布沟水电站主厂房高边墙洞室为工程背景,开展高地应力条件下高边墙洞室开挖卸荷真三维地质力学模型试验,系统研究劈裂破坏现象的产生条件与影响因素;在地质力学模型试验研究的基础上,通过理论方法建立基于应变梯度的地下洞室劈裂破坏弹塑性损伤软化模型,根据复变函数构建高边墙洞室劈裂破坏解析分析方法,依托ABAQUS平台开发地下洞室劈裂破坏计算分析程序。通过模型试验、理论研究和和数值模拟,有效揭示出地下洞室劈裂破坏的产生条件与破坏机制。论文主要研究成果如下:(1)通过高地应力条件下高边墙洞室劈裂破坏真三维物理模型试验,精细模拟出地下洞室开挖卸荷出现的平行分层劈裂破坏现象,揭示地下洞室劈裂破坏的产生条件与影响因素,获得地下洞室围岩位移、应变和应力呈现波峰与波谷间隔分布的振荡性衰减变化规律。(2)通过岩石破坏过程的尺寸效应与应变梯度特征分析,建立含应变梯度的可描述岩石塑性硬化和应变软化的屈服函数,基于应变梯度和塑性损伤理论建立深部洞室劈裂破坏弹塑性损伤软化模型。(3)通过复变函数保角变换法获得由高边墙洞室外域到单位圆外域的映射函数,推导出相关位移场与应力场的复数表达形式,提出高边墙洞室劈裂破坏弹塑性解析分析方法,获得高地应力条件下高边墙洞室位移和应力的解析变化规律。(4)根据建立的劈裂破坏弹塑性损伤软化模型,提出隐式时间积分格式,构建高阶六面体单元并推导其高阶单元的形函数与刚度矩阵,提出地下洞室劈裂破坏的数值分析方法,并依托有限元软件ABAQUS开发相应的计算分析程序。(5)通过模型试验、理论分析和数值模拟,揭示出地下洞室的劈裂破坏机制,即:洞区初始最大主应力平行于洞轴方向且量值达到一定程度(0.21~0.7倍围岩单轴抗压强度)是高边墙洞室产生劈裂破坏的重要条件。当洞区平行于洞轴方向的初始最大主应力量值超过0.7倍围岩单轴抗压强度时,高边墙洞室将由劈裂破坏向分区破裂转化。开挖卸荷高边墙洞壁应力出现波峰与波谷间隔交替的振荡变化是引起劈裂破坏的根本力学成因。研究分析表明:弄清劈裂破坏范围并合理优化洞室布局对保证高边墙洞室施工和运行安全十分重要。

野渡无人舟自横——谈流体流动中物体的稳定性

独怜幽草涧边生，上有黄鹂深树鸣；春潮带雨晚来急，野渡无人舟自横．这是一首优美的山水诗名篇，它被选入唐诗三百首及绝句百首．历代文艺评论家认为它是一首田园隐逸诗，近来也有人认为含托讽之意．作者韦应物(737-约792)，长安(今陕西两安)人。

哈密并网风电场次同步振荡的机理研究

随着可再生能源的快速发展,一些风电和光伏场站出现了困扰运行人员的振荡现象。2015年7月,哈密地区风电场出现的次同步振荡甚至导致火电机组跳闸。为研究此类振荡,该文首先建立三相功率元件并网系统的动力学模型,并提出新的复变动力学分析方法。引入矩阵特征曲线与广义导数的概念,然后推导得出复变动力系统的李雅普诺夫稳定与轨道稳定条件。详细研究三相功率元件并网系统的动力学模型,发现存在两种基本类型的霍普夫分叉。提出振荡现象来源于动力系统的周期解,它在静止坐标系中具有调频振荡的特征。最后通过数值仿真和哈密风电场录波数据分析,验证该文研究结论的正确性。

Distribution of stress and strain between adjacent particles in particulate reinforced metal matrix composites

The distribution of stress and strain between adjacent particles in particulate reinforced metal matrix composites wasinvestigated using cohesive zone models. It is found that the strain of the composite is concentrated in the matrix, and there is aregion with higher strain along the loading path, which can promote the formation of a void near the particles pole. The stress andstrain in matrix near the particles gradually decrease with the increase of the distance between particles. And it is calculated that thereis a critical distance within which the stress and strain fields of the neighboring particles can influence with each other. This criticaldistance increases with the increase of particle size. It is also found that the angle between the tensile direction and the center line ofparticles plays an important role in the stress and strain distribution. The model with the angle of 0° has the greatest influence on thedistribution of stress and strain in the matrix, while the model with the angle of 45° has the least influence on the distribution of stressand strain in the matrix.

Mutagenesis of D80-82 and G83 Residues in West Nile Virus NS2B: Effects on NS2B-NS3 Activity and Viral Replication

Flaviviral NS2B is a required cofactor for NS3 serine protease activity and plays an important role in promoting functional NS2B-NS3 protease configuration and maintaining critical interactions with protease catalysis substrates. The residues D80DDG in West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B are important for protease activity. To investigate the effects of D80DDG in NS2B on protease activity and viral replication, the negatively charged region D80DD and the conserved residue G83 of NS2B were mutated (D80DD/E80EE, D80DD/K80KK, D80DD/A80AA, G83F, G83S, G83D, G83K, and G83A), and NS3 D75A was designated as the negative control. The effects of the mutations on NS2B-NS3 activity, viral translation, and viral RNA replication were analyzed using kinetic analysis of site-directed enzymes and a transient replicon assay. All substitutions resulted in significantly decreased enzyme activity and blocked RNA replication. The negative charge of D80DD is not important for maintaining NS2B function, but side chain changes in G83 have dramatic effects on protease activity and RNA replication. These results demonstrate that NS2B is important for viral replication and that D80DD and G83 substitutions prevent replication; they will be useful for understanding the relationship between NS2B and NS3.

Thermal stress distribution around a thermally-insulated polygonal cutout in graphite/epoxy composite laminates under heat flux

In this study,the effect of influencing parameters on the stress distribution around a polygonal cutout within a laminated composite under uniform heat flux was analytically examined.The analytical method was developed based on the classical laminated plate theory and two-dimensional thermo-elastic method.A mapping function was employed to extend the solution of a perforated symmetric laminate with a circular cutout to the solution of polygonal cutouts.The effect of significant parameters such as the cutout angular position,bluntness and aspect ratio,the heat flux angle and the laminate stacking sequence in symmetric composite laminate containing triangular,square and pentagonal cutouts was studied.The Neumann boundary condition was used at the edges of the thermally insulated polygonal cutout.The laminate was made of graphite/epoxy(AS/3501) material with two different stacking sequences of [30/45]sand[30/0/-30]_(s).The analytical solutions were well validated against finite element results.

Lithospheric Structure Model of Central Indian Ocean Basin Using Ocean Bottom Seismometer Data

The intense deformation zone in the central Indian Ocean, south of Indian continent is one of the most complex regions in terms of its structure and geodynamics. The deformation zone has been studied and debated in 1990s for its genesis. It was argued that deformation is mainly confined to sedimentary and oceanic crustal layers, while the large wave length geoidal anomalies, on which the deformation region lies, called for deeper sources. The inter connection between deeper and the shallower sources is found missing. The current study focuses on the complexities of this region by analyzing OBS （ocean bottom seismometer） data. The data acquired by five OBS systems along a 300 km long south-north profile in the CIOB （central Indian Ocean basin） have been modeled and the crustal and sub-crustal structure has been determined using 2-D tomographic inversion. Four subsurface layers are identified representing the sediment column, upper crustal layer, lower crustal layer and a sub-crustal layer （upper mantle layer）. A considerable variation in thickness as well as velocity at all interfaces from sedimentary column to upper mantle is observed which indicates that the tectonic forces have affected the entire crust and sub-crustal configuration. The sediments are characterized by higher velocities （2.1 kin/s） due to the increased confining pressure. Modeling results indicated that the velocity in upper crust is in the range of 5.7-6.2 km/s and the velocity of the lower crust varies from 7.0-7.6 km/s. The velocity of the sub-crustal layer is in the range of 7.8-8.4 km/s. This high-velocity layer is interpreted as magmatic under-plating with strong lateral variations. The base of the 7.0 km/s layer at 12-15 km depth is interpreted as the Moho.

Deformation analysis of an incompressible composite cylindrical tube subjected to end axial loads and internal constraint

In this paper,the problem of axially symmetric deformation is examined for a composite cylindrical tube under equal axial loads acting on its two ends,where the tube is composed of two different incompressible neo-Hookean materials.Significantly,the implicit analytical solutions describing the deformation of the tube are proposed.Numerical simulations are given to further illustrate the qualitative properties of the solutions and some meaningful conclusions are obtained.In the tension case,with the increasing axial loads or with the decreasing ratio of shear moduli of the outer and the inner materials,it is proved that the tube will shrink more along the radial direction and will extend more along the axial direction.Under either tension or compression,the deformation along the axial direction is obvious near the two ends of the tube,while in the rest,the change is relatively small.Similarly,for a large domain of the middle part,the axial elongation is almost constant;however,the variation is very fast near the two ends.In addition,the absolute value of the axial displacement increases gradually from the central cross-section of the tube and achieves the maximum at the two endpoints.

Application research of multivariate linkage fluctuation analysis on condition evaluation in process industry

Abnormal conditions are hazardous in complex process systems, and the aim of condition recognition is to detect abnormal conditions and thus avoid severe accidents. The relationship of linkage fluctuation between monitoring variables can characterize the operation state of the system. In this study,we present a straightforward and fast computational method, the multivariable linkage coarse graining(MLCG) algorithm, which converts the linkage fluctuation relationship of multivariate time series into a directed and weighted complex network. The directed and weighted complex network thus constructed inherits several properties of the series in its structure. Thereby, periodic series convert into regular networks, and random series convert into random networks. Moreover, chaotic time series convert into scale-free networks. It demonstrates that the MLCG algorithm permits us to distinguish, identify, and describe in detail various time series. Finally, we apply the MLCG algorithm to practical observations series, the monitoring time series from a compressor unit, and identify its dynamic characteristics. Empirical results demonstrate that the MLCG algorithm is suitable for analyzing the multivariable linkage fluctuation relationship in complex electromechanical system. This method can be used to detect specific or abnormal operation condition, which is relevant to condition identification and information quality control of complex electromechanical system in the process industry.

Thermal Analysis of Metal Foam Matrix Composite Phase Change Material

In this paper,CPCM(Composite Phase Change Material)was manufactured with metal foam matrix used as filling material.The temperature curves were obtained by experiment.The performance of heat transfer was analyzed.The experimental results show that metal foam matrix can improve temperature uniformity in phase change thermal storage material and enhance heat conduction ability.The thermal performance of CPCM is significantly improved.The efficiency of temperature control can be obviously improved by adding metal foam in phase change material.CPCM is in solid-liquid two-phase region when temperature is close to phase change point of paraffin.An approximate plateau appears.The plateau can be considered as the temperature control zone of CPCM.Heat can be transferred fiom hot source and be uniformly spread in thermal storage material by using metal foam matrix since thermal storage material has the advantage of strong heat storage capacity and disadvantage of poor heat conduction ability.Natural convection promotes the melting of solid-liquid phase change material.Good thermal conductivity of foam metal accelerates heat conduction of solid-liquid phase change material.The interior temperature difference decreases and the whole temperature becomes more uniform.For the same porosity with a metal foam,melting time of solid-liquid phase change material decreases.Heat conduction is enhanced and natural convection is suppressed when pore size of metal foam is smaller.The thermal storage time decreases and heat absorption rate increases when the pore size of metal foam reduces.The research results can be used to guide fabricating the CPCM.