The retromer is a protein complex that mediates retrograde transport of transmembrane cargoes from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network （TGN）. It is comprised of a cargo-selection subcomplex of Vps26, Vps29 and Vps3...The retromer is a protein complex that mediates retrograde transport of transmembrane cargoes from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network （TGN）. It is comprised of a cargo-selection subcomplex of Vps26, Vps29 and Vps35 and a membrane-binding coat subcomplex of sorting nexins （SNXs）. Previous studies identified SNX1/2 as one of the components of the SNX subcomplex, and SNX5/6 as candidates for the second SNX. How the retromer-associated cargoes are recognized and transported by molecular motors are largely unknown. In this study, we found that one of SNX1/2＇s dimerization partners, SNX6, interacts with the p150Gued subunit of the dynein/dynactin motor complex. We present evidence that SNX6 is a component of the retromer, and that recruitment of the motor complex to the membrane-associated retromer requires the SNX6-pl50Gued interaction. Disruption of the SNX6-pl50Glued interaction causes failure in formation and detachment of the tubulovesicular sorting structures from endosomes and results in block of CI-MPR retrieval from endosomes to the TGN. These observations indicate that in addition to SNX1/2, SNX6 in association with the dynein/dynactin complex drives the formation and movement of tubular retrograde intermediates.展开更多
In this paper,based on the adjacency matrix of the network and its powers,the formulas are derived for theshortest path and the average path length,and an effective algorithm is presented.Furthermore,an example is pro...In this paper,based on the adjacency matrix of the network and its powers,the formulas are derived for theshortest path and the average path length,and an effective algorithm is presented.Furthermore,an example is providedto demonstrate the proposed method.展开更多
基金We thank Yingfang Liu （Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Acad- emy of Sciences） for advice on PX domain structure and SNX6 mutations. We are particularly grateful to Yanmin Yang （Stanford University, USA） for insightful discussions and the Flag-MAP1B LC construct. We also thank Juan S Bonifacino （NIH, USA） for the rabbit anti-CI-MPR antibody, Hiroyoshi Ariga （Hokkaido University, Japan） for Flag- and HA-tagged human SNX6 overexpression constructs, and Li Yu （Tsinghua University, China） for the YFP-EEA1 expression construct. We thank Chonglin Yang （Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences）, Dahua Chen （Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences） and Li Yu for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30770675） and Chinese Academy of Sciences （KSCX1-YW-R-37）. J-J Liu is supported by the CAS 100-Tal- ents Program.
文摘The retromer is a protein complex that mediates retrograde transport of transmembrane cargoes from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network （TGN）. It is comprised of a cargo-selection subcomplex of Vps26, Vps29 and Vps35 and a membrane-binding coat subcomplex of sorting nexins （SNXs）. Previous studies identified SNX1/2 as one of the components of the SNX subcomplex, and SNX5/6 as candidates for the second SNX. How the retromer-associated cargoes are recognized and transported by molecular motors are largely unknown. In this study, we found that one of SNX1/2＇s dimerization partners, SNX6, interacts with the p150Gued subunit of the dynein/dynactin motor complex. We present evidence that SNX6 is a component of the retromer, and that recruitment of the motor complex to the membrane-associated retromer requires the SNX6-pl50Gued interaction. Disruption of the SNX6-pl50Glued interaction causes failure in formation and detachment of the tubulovesicular sorting structures from endosomes and results in block of CI-MPR retrieval from endosomes to the TGN. These observations indicate that in addition to SNX1/2, SNX6 in association with the dynein/dynactin complex drives the formation and movement of tubular retrograde intermediates.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under the Key Project under Grant Nos.10635040 and 60774073the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant No.BK2007075
文摘In this paper,based on the adjacency matrix of the network and its powers,the formulas are derived for theshortest path and the average path length,and an effective algorithm is presented.Furthermore,an example is providedto demonstrate the proposed method.
