单纤维复合材料断裂实验表征界面研究

对不同表面处理剂处理的4种单纤维增强环氧基复合材料进行了断裂实验,从临界纤维长度、界面剪切强度和单纤维断裂实验中纤维断点周围基体形貌三方面对纤维和基体之间的界面粘结性能进行了分析和评价。实验观察得到的结果是KH 5 5 0处理纤维与环氧的界面粘结最强,其次是KH 5 5 0和KH 5 70混合处理纤维与环氧的界面、KH 5 70处理纤维与环氧的界面。

纤维增强复合材料断裂模型综述(英文)

聚合物基质复合材料由于其优异的机械性能自20世纪60年代就越来越广泛地应用于航空业和汽车业。然而,由于复合材料的断裂模式非常多样和复杂,对于复合材料损伤以及断裂的预测仍然是一个很大的挑战。该文总结了复合材料断裂的主要模型和方法。方法可分为3类:断裂准则法、连续介质损伤力学法和塑性法。断裂准则法主要考虑复合材料的起始或者最终的断裂极限;连续介质损伤力学法考虑了材料弹性模量的衰减;塑性法则是把材料的非线性性能当做塑性来考虑。复合材料分层的模型法,作为一种很特殊的失效模式,也包括在这篇综述中,这种失效跟纤维的方向和层板的组合方式很有关系。该文对这些模型的相对优势和劣势也进行了总结。

孔隙率对SiC_(p)/AZ91D复合材料单轴压缩裂纹萌生及扩展的影响

使用内聚力模型及有限元分析方法,在含实际形貌SiC_(p)颗粒增强AZ91D镁基复合材料有限元模型中引入孔隙缺陷。分析不同孔隙率对SiC_(p)/AZ91D复合材料在单轴压缩情况下的裂纹萌生及扩展的影响。结果表明:无孔隙的SiC_(p)/AZ91D复合材料裂纹萌生在颗粒尖角与基体交界处,含孔隙的复合材料在基体孔隙以及颗粒尖角与基体交界处均会萌生裂纹,复合材料的孔隙率越高,其抗压强度和屈服强度越低,断裂裂纹长度越长,孔隙率的增加使得复合材料的裂纹萌生和断裂的时间提前,加速了复合材料裂纹萌生扩展直至断裂。

复合材料失效分析程序与方法探讨

随着复合材料用量的增加,复合材料失效问题也日益突出。本文在对国内外复合材料失效分析调研与国内大量的复合材料案例分析的基础上,借鉴金属材料失效分析的经验,建立了复合材料失效分析程序,详细介绍了复合材料失效分析中常用的方法,为从事复合材料失效分析的人员制定方案、判断断裂性质及查找失效原因提供思路与技术支持。

水泥基复合材料各结构层次上破坏机制分析

根据水泥基复合材料内部结构的特点，详细分析了水泥基复合材料各结构层次上的破坏机制及其对材料宏观断裂行为的影响．通过综合比较，认为水泥基复合材料各结构层次上的破坏机制对其断裂行为影响迥异。

原位自生TiB_2/A356复合材料拉伸行为的细观分析

采用原位自生法制备了TiB2/A356复合材料,并对该材料的拉伸性能进行了研究。结果表明,随着颗粒体积分数的增加,复合材料的弹性模量、屈服强度和抗拉强度增大,而延性稍有下降。断口观察表明,其主要断裂机制为颗粒与基体界面脱粘和颗粒团聚内部疏松引起的脆性开裂。针对此种复合材料提出一种弹性模量简化计算模型,同时对其屈服强度也进行了细观分析。

相异双材料Ⅲ型平板搭接界面端分析

利用复合材料断裂复变的方法,对各向异性与正交异性双材料Ⅲ型平板搭接界面端问题进行了研究.根据复合材料弹性力学知识,建立了Ⅲ型界面端的控制方程.引入含待定系数的位移函数,采用特征值分析方法,研究解决了一类偏微分方程组的边值问题,得到了两种情形下的平板搭接界面端的应力场、位移场和应力强度因子的理论表达式,并讨论了它们的应力奇异性.获得了当(Q45)1=0时正交异性双材料Ⅲ型平板搭接界面端的应力场、位移场,与已有文献的结果一致,验证了本文结果的正确性.

Cardo poly (ether sulfone) toughened E51/DETDA epoxy resin and its carbon fiber composites

A toughener that can effectively improve the interlaminar toughness in carbon fiber composites is crucial for various applications.We investigated,the toughening effects of phenolphthalein-based cardo poly(ether sulfone)(PES-C)on E51/DETDA epoxy and its carbon fiber composites(CFCs).Scanning electron microscopy showed that the phase structures of PES-C/epoxy blends change from island(of dispersed phase)structures to bi-continuous structures(of the matrix)as the PES-C content increased,which is associated with reaction-induced phase separation.After adding 15 phr PES-C,the glass transition temperature(T_(g))of the blends increased by 51.5℃,and the flexural strength,impact strength and fracture toughness of the blends were improved by 41.1%,186.2%and 42.7%,respectively.These improvements could be attributed to the phase separation structure of the PES-C/epoxy sys-tem.A PES-C film was used to improve the mode-II fracture toughness(G_(IIC))of CFCs.The G_(IIC) value of the 7μm PES-C film toughened laminate was improved by 80.3%compared to that of the control laminate.The increase in G_(IIC) was attributed to cohesive failure and plastic deformation in the interleaving region.

激光悬浮区熔Al_2O_3基共晶自生复合材料微观组织与力学性能

采用激光悬浮区熔定向凝固方法制备了高致密度Al_2O_3/YAG/ZrO_2共晶自生复合陶瓷材料,研究多元复相陶瓷在高温度梯度、不同生长条件下的凝固组织形态演化规律,定量表征凝固速率与氧化物陶瓷共晶间距的关系,在此基础上,考察其力学性能并分析凝固组织与断裂韧性的关系.研究结果表明:激光悬浮区熔Al_2O_3/YAG/ZrO_2三元自生复合材料呈现与热流方向平行、定向性良好的非规则层片共晶形貌,共晶组织随凝固速率的增大而快速细化,凝固速率为200μm/s时,最小层片间距达到0.46μm.平均层片间距λav与凝固速率V之间符合关系:λ_(av)V^(0.5)=12.4μm^(1.5)·s^(-0.5),且明显小于同等凝固速率条件下Al_2O_3/YAG二元共晶的平均层片间距.Al_2O_3/YAG/ZrO_2三元共晶平均硬度为(19.0±1.0)GPa,室温断裂韧性为(3.31±0.2)MPa·m^(1/2).与二元共晶相比,裂纹捕获、偏转以及共晶相热胀系数失配是三元共晶室温断裂韧性提高的主要原因.

Effects of temperature on fracture behavior of Al-based in-situ composites reinforced with Mg_2Si and Si particles fabricated by centrifugal casting

An aluminum-based in-situ composites reinforced with Mg2Si and Si particles were produced by centrifugal casting A1-20Si-5Mg alloy. The microstructure of the composites was examined, and the effects of temperature on fracture behavior of the composite were investigated. The results show that the average fraction of primary Si and Mg2Si particles in the composites is as high as 38%, and ultimate tensile strengths （UTS） of the composites first increase then decrease with the increase of test temperature. Microstructures of broken specimens show that both the particle fracture and the interface debonding affect the fracture behavior of the composites, and the interface debonding becomes the dominant fracture mechanism with increasing test temperature. Comparative results indicate that rich particles in the composites and excellent interface strength play great roles in enhancing tensile property by preventing the movement of dislocations.

Microstructure and fracture toughness of a TiAl-Nb composite consolidated by spark plasma sintering

A TiAl-Nb composite was prepared by spark plasma sintering （SPS） at 1250 °C and 50 MPa for 5 min from prealloyed TiAl powder and elemental Nb powder in a molar ratio of 9：1 for improving the fracture toughness of TiAl alloy at room temperature. The microstructure, phase constitute, fracture surface and fracture toughness were determined by X-ray diffractometry, electron probe micro-analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and mechanical testing. The results show that the sintered samples mainly consist of γ phase, O phase, niobium solid solution （Nbss） phase and B2 phase. The fracture toughness is as high as 28.7 MPa？m1/2 at room temperature. The ductile Nbss phase plays an important role in absorbing the fracture energy in front of the cracks. Moreover, B2 phase can branch the propagation of the cracks. The microhardness of each phase of the composite was also tested.

Fracture mechanism of 2D-C/C composites with pure smooth laminar pyrocarbon matrix under flexural loading

Using natural gas as carbon source, 2D needle felt as preform, 2D-C/C composites were prepared by thermal gradient chemical vapor infiltration. Their microstructures were observed under polarized light microscope （PLM） and scanning electron microscope （SEM）, and the flexural behaviors before and after heat-treatment were studied with a universal mechanical testing machine. The fracture mechanism of the composites was discussed in detail. The results show that, carbon matrix exhibits pure smooth laminar （SL） characteristic including numerous wrinkled layered structures and some inter-laminar micro-cracks. With the decreasing density, the strength of the composites decreases and the toughness increases slightly; after 2500 °C heat-treatment, the inter-laminar micro-cracks in matrix increase, the strength decreases, and the toughness obviously increases. The fracture mode of the composites changes from brittle to pseudo-plastic characteristic due to more crack deflections in SL matrix.

GFRP管以及LRSFRP管约束高强混凝土圆柱的轴压性能

进行了18根GFRP约束高强混凝土圆柱和2根LRSFRP约束高强混凝土圆柱的轴压试验,研究了FRP管材料、直径和壁厚等参数对FRP约束高强混凝土圆柱轴压性能的影响。结果表明,GFRP管约束高强混凝土圆柱的轴压性能存在尺寸效应。即环向约束应力大小相同时,GFRP管约束高强混凝土圆柱的极限承载力和极限应变随着试件尺寸的增大而减小。随着GFRP管壁厚的增大,GFRP管约束高强混凝土圆柱的极限压应力和极限压应变相应提高。LRSFRP管约束高强混凝土圆柱的延性较GFRP管约束高强混凝土圆柱好。最后,研究了现有FRP管约束混凝土的本构模型对GFRP管和LRSFRP管约束高强混凝土圆柱的适用性。研究发现Teng等人的模型对GFRP约束高强混凝土圆柱的适用性较好。而现有主要FRP管约束混凝土的本构模型对LRSFRP管约束高强混凝土圆柱的适用性较差。

INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF MULTI-DIRECTIONAL LAMINATES

Based on the conventional compliance and area methods, a high precision method named the angle method is presented in this work. The interlaminar fracture toughness is determined by measurement of the load and the bending angle at the loading point without measurement of the crack length, and the improvement of the conventional compliance method is made, which is more precise and can be used to general DCB specimen with unequal flexural stiffness of the cantilevers. The interlaminar fracture toughness in 0/ θ(θ =0°,30°,60°,90°) interfaces of two epoxy composites, one being the carbon fibre reinforced brittle matrix T300/4211, the other the carbon fibre reinforced tough matrix T300/3261, is measured by both compliance and angle methods, and the relationship between fracture toughness and the ply angle θ is obtained. It is found that the interlaminar fracture toughness is correlated with the type of matrix and the ply angles near the crack front.

Fractal analysis of fracture surfaces in aluminum borate whisker-reinforced aluminum alloy 6061 composite

The effect of interface reaction on the fractal dimensions of fracture surface in aluminum borate whisker-reinforced aluminum alloy 6061 composite was investigated. The composite was fabricated by squeeze-casting technique. The fracture surfaces created in tensile test were measured by vertical sectioning method. Fractal phenomena were found in two plots, in which the measuring units were from 3 to 15 μm and 1 to 5 μm, respectively. The relation was established between the tensile properties and fractal dimension with measuring units of 3-15 μm. The results show that the ultimate tensile strength increases while the fracture surface roughness increases with fractal dimension increasing due to the change in fracture mode depending on the degree of interface reaction status induced by heat treatment. But when the measuring units are 1-5 μm, fractal dimension does not change with heat treatment.

Brazing of TiB_w/TC4 composite and Ti60 alloy using TiZrNiCu amorphous filler alloy

TiBw/TC4composite was brazed to Ti60alloy successfully using TiZrNiCu amorphous filler alloy,and the interfacialmicrostructures and mechanical properties were characterized by SEM,EDX,XRD and universal tensile testing machine.The typicalinterfacial microstructure was TiBw/TC4composite/β-Ti+TiB whiskers/(Ti,Zr)2(Ni,Cu)intermetallic layer/β-Ti/Ti60alloy whenbeing brazed at940°C for10min.The interfacial microstructure evolution was influenced strongly by the diffusion and reactionbetween molten fillers and the substrates.Increasing brazing temperature decreased the thickness of brittle(Ti,Zr)2(Ni,Cu)intermetallic layer,which disappeared finally when the brazing temperature exceeded1020°C.Fracture analyses indicated thatcracks were initialized in the brittle intermetallic layer when(Ti,Zr)2(Ni,Cu)phase existed in the brazing seam.The maximumaverage shear strength of joints reached368.6MPa when brazing was conducted at1020°C.Further increasing brazing temperatureto1060°C,the shear strength was decreased due to the formation of coarse lamellar(α+β)-Ti structure.

Multilayer aluminum composites prepared by rolling of pure and anodized aluminum foils

Experimental results on processing,structural and mechanical characterization of a multilayer composite based on commercially pure aluminum foils were presented.A multilayer composite was produced by hot-rolling of anodized and non-anodized aluminum foils alternately sandwiched.In addition,the same process was applied for bonding of non-anodized foils.In both cases,obtained multilayer composites were compact and sound.In order to study composites microstructural evolution and mechanical properties,optical and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis,hardness,tensile and three-point flexural tests were performed.Microstructural characterization confirmed that the rod-like particles distributed in parallel rows in the composite aluminum matrix with anodized foils correspond to Al2O3.Maximum and minimum peaks of oxygen and aluminum,respectively,suggest that after the final hot-rolling of composite with non-anodized foils,a small amount of coarser particles were formed at boundaries between foils.Hardness,strength,modulus of elasticity and flexural strength of both multilayer composites were much higher than those of pure aluminum,whereas ductility was significantly less.The composite with anodized foils exhibited the highest strength and modulus of elasticity,but lower ductility compared to composite processed from non-anodized foils.Fracture failure corresponded to the change of ductility.

Compressive response and microstructural evolution of in-situ TiB_(2)particle-reinforced 7075 aluminum matrix composite

The hot forming behavior,failure mechanism,and microstructure evolution of in-situ TiB_(2)particle-reinforced 7075 aluminum matrix composite were investigated by isothermal compression test under different deformation conditions of deformation temperatures of 300−450℃ and strain rates of 0.001^(−1)s^(−1).The results demonstrate that the failure behavior of the composite exhibits both particle fracture and interface debonding at low temperature and high strain rate,and dimple rupture of the matrix at high temperature and low strain rate.Full dynamic recrystallization,which improves the composite formability,occurs under conditions of high temperature(450℃)and low strain rate(0.001 s^(−1));the grain size of the matrix after hot compression was significantly smaller than that of traditional 7075Al and ex-situ particle reinforced 7075Al matrix composite.Based on the flow stress curves,a constitutive model describing the relationship of the flow stress,true strain,strain rate and temperature was proposed.Furthermore,the processing maps based on both the dynamic material modeling(DMM)and modified DMM(MDMM)were established to analyze flow instability domain of the composite and optimize hot forming processing parameters.The optimum processing domain was determined at temperatures of 425−450℃ and strain rates of 0.001−0.01 s^(−1),in which the fine grain microstructure can be gained and particle crack and interface debonding can be avoided.

Distribution of stress and strain between adjacent particles in particulate reinforced metal matrix composites

The distribution of stress and strain between adjacent particles in particulate reinforced metal matrix composites wasinvestigated using cohesive zone models. It is found that the strain of the composite is concentrated in the matrix, and there is aregion with higher strain along the loading path, which can promote the formation of a void near the particles pole. The stress andstrain in matrix near the particles gradually decrease with the increase of the distance between particles. And it is calculated that thereis a critical distance within which the stress and strain fields of the neighboring particles can influence with each other. This criticaldistance increases with the increase of particle size. It is also found that the angle between the tensile direction and the center line ofparticles plays an important role in the stress and strain distribution. The model with the angle of 0° has the greatest influence on thedistribution of stress and strain in the matrix, while the model with the angle of 45° has the least influence on the distribution of stressand strain in the matrix.

Fabrication of AA2024−TiO2 nanocomposites through stir casting process

Given the nonuse of TiO2 nanoparticles as the reinforcement of AA2024 alloy in fabricating composites by ex-situ casting methods,it was decided to process the AA2024−xTiO2(np)(x=0,0.5 and 1 vol.%)nanocomposites by employing the stir casting method.The structural properties of the produced samples were then investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy;their mechanical properties were also addressed by hardness and tensile tests.The results showed that adding 1 vol.%TiO2 nanoparticles reduced the grain size and dendrite arm spacing by about 66%and 31%,respectively.Also,hardness,ultimate tensile strength,yield strength,and elongation of AA2024−1vol.%TiO2(np)composite were increased by about 25%,28%,4%and 163%,respectively,as compared to those of the monolithic component.The agglomerations of nanoparticles in the structure of nanocomposites were found to be a factor weakening the strength against the strengthening mechanisms.Some agglomerations of nanoparticles in the matrix were detected on the fractured surfaces of the tension test specimens.