用复合活化剂强化重油蒸馏过程的探索

研究了用FCC—回炼油和微量的酚调配而成的复合活化添加剂做活性剂,强化大庆重油减压蒸馏过程。考察对减压馏出油的影响。实验结果表明,复合活化添加剂比FCC—回炼油具有更高的活性。可使减压馏出油(下称VGO)收率净增3.71m%—4.91m%,说明微量酚具有相当大的助活化作用。

磷酸-复合活化剂法制竹屑活性炭的研究

以竹屑为原料,用磷酸 复合活化剂(由磷酸添加一种酸性化合物A和一种盐类化合物S)法制备活性炭。研究了磷酸 复合活化剂用量、炭活化温度、炭活化时间等对活性炭的得率、灰分和pH值的影响,确定了适宜的制备竹屑活性炭工艺条件:磷酸浓度为38°Be′/60℃、添加剂A2%、添加剂S4%(A和S以磷酸质量分数计)、炭活化温度450℃、炭活化时间3h。在此条件下所得活性炭的得率为36%、灰分含量4.8%、pH值4.6。对竹屑活性炭的吸附性能、比表面积和孔隙性质也进行了分析。结果表明:竹屑活性炭的比表面积为1500m2/g、比孔容积1.10mL/g、平均孔隙半径1.46nm、焦糖脱色率(A法)120%和亚甲基蓝吸附值225mg/g。

复合活化剂制备稻壳活性炭影响因素及特性

以稻壳为原料,Zn Cl2-Cu Cl2为复合活化剂,制备稻壳活性炭,并以BET比表面积和吸附性能为指标,通过正交试验对制备的工艺条件进行优化,并对制得的稻壳活性炭采用氮气吸附等温线、X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征。结果表明,稻壳可以被制得大比表面积活性炭。影响活性炭比表面积和吸附性能最重要的因素是氯化锌浓度和活化温度,最佳制备工艺条件是氯化锌浓度5 mol/L,氯化铜浓度0.4 mol/L,活化温度500℃,活化时间2 h。该条件下制得的稻壳活性炭比表面积为1 924 m2/g,碘吸附值为1 041 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为188 mg/g。

复合活化剂组分质量比对活性炭微球电容性能的影响

为了制备高体积比电容活性炭微球(AMCMB),以KOH/NaOH为复合活化剂,在850℃下对中间相沥青微球(MPMB)进行活化处理。考察了KOH/NaOH复合活化剂不同组份质量比对AMCMB收率、振实密度及比电容的影响。结果表明:随着NaOH含量的增加,AMCMB的比电容呈现先增加后减小的趋势,并在质量比ζ(KOH:NaOH)=5:1时达到最大值81F/cm3,其孔径以微孔为主,中孔含量较高,平均孔径约为2.21nm,比表面积达2788m2/g,适合用作超级电容器电极材料。

复合活化剂对高掺量矿渣胶凝材料性能及其作用机理的影响

针对水泥-高掺量矿渣胶凝材料早期强度发展缓慢的现象,自行设计开发了一种用于激发矿渣早期水化活性的复合活化剂,对比研究了复合活化剂与纯硫酸盐对水泥-矿渣胶凝材料性能以及水化机理的影响。结果表明:复合活化剂与纯硫酸盐均能在水化1 d内提高水泥熟料和矿渣的反应程度,促进矿渣产物形态提前由外部水化产物向内部水化产物过渡,提升胶凝材料早期宏观性能;然而使用纯硫酸盐激发的胶凝材料后期性能下降,可能是由于生成过量钙矾石所造成;复合活化剂则通过促进水泥熟料水化、加速矿渣溶解、反应以及改善微观结构性能等提高胶凝材料早期强度提升,对后期性能无副作用。

煤矸石高效活化剂的研制

根据不同离子的复合效应,研制了一种煤矸石WH-1高效复合活化剂,并初步探讨了在无熟料煤矸石粉注浆材料中的应用。研究结果表明,采用WH-1活化剂可有效激发煅烧煤矸石潜在的火山灰活性,显著提高煤矸石粉注浆材料早期强度,并可保证后期有较高的强度,能满足注浆材料对强度性能使用的要求。掺3%3d和28d强度可分别达到3.5MPa和9.4MPa。

复合活化制备高体积比电容多孔炭

能量密度是超级电容器的关键性能指标,而提高多孔炭的体积比电容是提高超级电容器能量密度的关键.该文介绍制备超级电容器用高体积比电容多孔炭的一种方法.

KOH-K_2CO_3活化废弃焦粉制备活性炭的研究

采用KOH-K2CO3复合活化剂,对废弃焦粉在不同活化剂与焦粉比、活化温度、活化时间、粒径大小等工艺条件下进行正交实验,得出影响制备焦粉活性炭的主次因素为活化温度、活化剂与焦粉比、粒径大小、活化时间;制备焦粉活性炭的最优方案为活化剂与焦粉比6:1,活化温度850℃,活化时间100min,粒径大小<0.05mm。制备的焦粉活性炭其比表面积为303m2/g,总孔、中孔、微孔容积分别为0.392 4cm3/g、0.215 9cm3/g、0.143 1cm3/g。焦粉活性炭有利于吸附相对分子量较大的物质。

棉机织物的酶短蒸联合低温活化漂白工艺

采用生物酶短蒸联合低温活化氧漂工艺,对棉织物进行60℃的连续式前处理,研究复合生物酶、复合活化剂、双氧水和稳定剂用量及处理温度和时间对棉机织物前处理效果的影响,并优化工艺条件。试验结果表明:该低温前处理工艺处理织物的白度和毛效,较之传统高温前处理工艺偏低,退浆级别相同,织物强力损失减小,染色后织物能获得良好的表观深度、皂洗牢度和耐干/湿摩擦色牢度。

棉针织物一浴法低温练漂技术

将有机类漂白活化剂和仿酶催化剂复配,制备出新型双氧水低温漂白复合活化剂,并将其应用于棉针织物双氧水低温练漂工艺。优化的复合活化剂低温练漂工艺为:30%H2O210 g/L,复合活化剂1.5 g/L,稳定剂PBTCA 0.5 g/L,低温精练剂1 g/L,NaOH 1 g/L,浴比10∶1,60℃处理60 min。该工艺处理后的织物白度可达71.44%,强力损失率为2.4%,与传统高温练漂工艺的处理效果接近;经活性染料染色,染色织物的表观深度、耐皂洗色牢度及耐干、湿摩擦牢度均可达到传统高温练漂工艺的效果。

精梳纯棉筒子纱低温前处理实践

为解决精梳纯棉筒子纱高温98℃前处理工艺能耗高、纤维损伤大、手感差等问题,采用双氧水低温漂白复合活化剂和低温精练剂,进行60℃低温精练、漂白。结果表明,纱线前处理白度、毛效和染色效果与传统前处理工艺相当,且节约了大量的蒸汽能源,大幅降低了生产成本。

Photocatalytic activity and kinetics for acid yellow degradation over surface composites of TiO_2-coated activated carbon under different photocatalytic conditions

TiO2-coated activated carbon surface （TAs） composites were prepared by a sol-gel method with supercritical pretreatment. The photocatalytic degradation of acid yellow （AY） was investigated under UV radiation to estimate activity of catalysts and determine the kinetics. And the effects of parameters including the initial concentration of AY, light intensity and TiO2 content in catalysts were examined. The results indicate that TAs has a higher efficiency in decomposition of AY than P25, pure TiO2 particles as well as the mixture of TiO2 powder and active carbon. The photocatalytic degradation rate is found to follow the pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to the AY concentration. The new kinetic model fairly resembles the classic Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation, and the rate constant is proportional to the square root of the light intensity in a wide range. However, its absorption performance depends on the surface areas of catalysts. The model fits quite well with the experimental data and elucidates phenomena about the effects of the TiO2 content in TAs on the degradation rate.

筒子染色低温前处理工艺探讨

纯棉筒子纱染色前处理通常在高温98℃下进行,对纱线强度、手感都会产生较大的负面影响,同时不利于节能减排。新工艺利用双氧水低温漂白复合活化剂,实现了在60℃低温下精练、漂白,前处理白度、毛效和染色效果与传统前处理工艺相当;节约了大量蒸汽能源,减少了排放。

水溶性腐殖酸提取技术获突破

正据《中国化工报》报道,内蒙古永业生物技术有限责任公司完成的水溶性腐殖酸提取新技术已通过内蒙古科技厅组织的专家鉴定。依托该技术建设的产业化装置工艺和产品指标均已达到国际领先水平,生产的腐殖酸产品"乌金膏"已在全国40.5万亩农田得到示范和应用。该项目以内蒙古风化煤为原料,选用永业公司自主研发的、含复合活化剂的尿素水溶液。

毛耐文教授发明少熟料硅酸盐水泥生产新工艺

鉴于矿渣水泥成本高,早期强度低的弊病,新加坡中国技术发展有限公司总经理、发明家毛耐文教授发明了采用20～30％的熟料,再加少量复合活化剂和矿渣,即能生产出425#矿渣水泥的新工艺。复合添加剂不仅能破坏矿渣的玻璃体结构。

Removal of Cu(Ⅱ) from Aqueous Solution Using a Novel Crosslinked Alumina-Chitosan Hybrid Adsorbent

A novel biosorbent was developed by coating chitosan, a naturally and abundantly available biopolymer, on to activated alumina based on oil shale ash via crosslinking. The adsorbent was characterized by various techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scarming＇ elec.tron micros cop.y, the rmogravimetric-differentialthermal analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope. Batch isothermal equilibrium adsorption experiments were condcted to evaluate the adsorbent for the removal of Cu（Ⅱ） from wastewater. The effect of pH and agitation time on the adsorption capacity was also investigated, indicating that the optimum pH was 6.0. The equilibrium adsorp-tion data were correlated with Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of chitosan coated alumina sorbent as obtained from Langmuir adsorption isotherm was fotmd to be 315.46 mg.g-1 for Cu（Ⅱ）. The adsorbent loaded with Cu（Ⅱ） was readily regenerated using 0.1 mol.L-1 sodium hydroxide solution. All these indicated that chitosan coated alumina adsorbent not only have high adsorption activity, but also had good stability in the wastewater treatment process.

Catalytic Hydrolysis of Borohydride for Fuel Cells

Borohydrides present interesting options for the electrochemical power generation acting either as hydrogen source or anodic fuel for direct borohydride fuel cells(DBFC).In this work,Mg-Ni composite synthesized by mechanically alloying method,used as the catalyst for the hydrolysis of borohydride,has been investigated.Co-doping treatment has been carried out for the purpose of improving the hydrolysis rate further.The as-prepared and Co-doped Mg-Ni composites with low cost showed high catalytic activity to the hydrolysis of borohydride for hydrogen generation.After Co-doping,the hydrogen generation rate was around 280 ml·g-1·min-1.Borohydride would be a promising hydrogen source for fuel cells.

Workability Tests on Fresh Concrete Formulated with Eco-friendly Admixture

Extra-cellular compounds, secreted by microorganisms into their surroundings, can be integrated in concrete composition as admixtures. These substances are important in biofilm formation and some of them can be used as corrosion inhibitor of concrete reinforcement. This paper deals with products made with biological surface active compounds/agents allowing the development of more eco-friendly concrete. The influence of this environmentally friendly bio admixture on setting time, workability, bending and compressive strengths of various mortar based materials made of CEM I, CEM III and CEM V was studied. Mechanical tests were carried out to highlight the influence of admixture in workability and hardening of samples containing the biological product with ratio in the range of 0-2.5%. It was demonstrated that the presence of the new bio-compound admixture in mortar decreases their compressive strength after 28 days of standard curing, in spite of remaining higher than standard minimal strength. Furthermore, Vicat needle experiments have shown a tendency of this admixture to decrease the setting time. A discussion was finally proposed in order to correlate the setting times and the decrease of the mortar compressive strength, corresponding in fact to a hardening delay. This setting time delay could be linked to a delay of the admixtured mortar to increase its resistance. The slump results highlight the action of bio-admixture as a plasticizer on mortars because it increases their workability for a same water-cement ratio. This effect seems variable according to the added amount.