SiC_p/Cu复合材料的SPS烧结及组织性能

以化学镀Cu包覆SiC粉末和高压氢还原法制备的Ni包SiC复合粉末为原料,用放电等离子体烧结法制备了SiCp/Cu复合材料。分析了增强相含量和烧结温度对致密化的影响,比较了非包覆粉末和包覆粉末制备的复合材料的界面结合状况,然后对SiCp/Cu复合材料的热膨胀行为和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:包覆粉末能够促进材料的致密化并且能获得良好的界面结合,所得SiCp/Cu复合材料的致密度达96.7%,抗压强度达1061MPa。SiCp/Cu复合材料的热膨胀系数介于7.5×10-6～11.4×10-6·K-1之间,并且随SiC体积分数的增加而降低。材料在热循环过程中出现热滞现象,热滞现象受增强相的含量及界面结合状况的影响。

锻造对WC/钢烧结复合材料冲击韧性的影响

比较了三种WC/钢烧结复合材料在相同的热处理条件下 ,经锻造与未锻造两种不同状态的冲击韧性值 ;研究了锻造对这类脆性材料冲击韧性的影响。结果表明 ,锻造使材料的冲击韧性大幅度提高。原因是锻造使材料组织中大块硬质相“碎化” ,WC粒子的形态、分布状况和钢基体的密度、显微组织结构发生变化的结果。

两相烧结复合材料的热·力学性能与组成的依存关系

为了对梯度功能材料进行合理的组织设计,笔者以Mo/SZ系为代表在全组成范围内详细讨论了两相烧结复合材料的热传导特性和变形、破坏特性与复合组织的依存关系.从而得知此复合材料的热传导率、变形及破坏举动等特性不仅与组成有关,而且强烈依存于复合材料的组织特征.

关于多晶复合材料的讨论

简述了超硬材料中复合材料烧结体的概念,对PCD、PDC、cBN和P cBN中的一些常识性问题进行了讨论。

石墨—B_4C复合烧结体的减磨特性

本文研究了耐热性能极其优异的复合烧结材料石墨-B_4C的减磨特性。含B_4C分别为5、10、15、20％(重量)的复合材料,经热压成型后在室温至500℃的温度范围内测试了其包括减磨性能在内的机械性能。结果表明,石墨-B_4C复合烧结体具有优异的减磨性能,特别是在市售石墨减磨材料所不能使用的300℃以上的高温下。

MnZn-FeNi复合烧结软磁材料的性能和结构研究

采用粉末冶金法制备MnZn-FeNi复合软磁材料,研究样品的软磁性能和力学性能。采用排水法、金相显微镜和X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对烧结体的密度、微观结构和相组成进行测试分析。用物理性能综合测试仪测试样品的软磁性能,同时,测试样品的显微硬度、压缩强度等力学性能。结果表明,复合烧结软磁材料较适宜的烧结温度为1573~1673K时,能获得较优异的综合性能,初始磁导率μi=1128,饱和磁化强度Ms=4349kA/m,抗压强度σ=155MPa,维氏硬度(HV)为3689MPa。

流体润滑工况下复层烧结材料的润滑特性

为解决烧结材料工作过程中形成的动压油膜易渗流进多孔基体进而导致润滑性能变差的问题,采用粉末冶金工艺制备了具有不同孔隙结构的复层烧结材料,以期实现高承载能力与良好润滑性能的统一。首先,基于Darcy定律建立了极坐标下该复层烧结材料的流体润滑模型,利用有限差分法进行数值模拟,考察了不同转速下表面Darcy流动对油膜润滑特性的影响;然后,在油润滑工况下进行端面摩擦试验,以验证模拟结果。结果表明:复层烧结材料的油膜润滑性能明显优于普通单层烧结材料,且在一定孔隙率范围内,随着表层孔隙率降低,复层烧结材料的润滑性能变得更好;计入表面Darcy流动时复层烧结材料的油膜润滑性能相对改善,改善效果随转速增加而渐趋显著;摩擦试验与数值分析所得结论具有较好的一致性。研究工作可为复层烧结材料的摩擦学性能分析与结构设计提供一定的理论基础。

Properties and microstructure of Cu/diamond composites prepared by spark plasma sintering method

Cu/diamond composites have been considered as the next generation of thermal management material for electronic packages and heat sinks applications. Cu/diamond composites with different volume fractions of diamond were successfully prepared by spark plasma sintering（SPS） method. The sintering temperatures and volume fractions（50%, 60% and 70%） of diamond were changed to investigate their effects on the relative density, homogeneity of the microstructure and thermal conductivity of the composites. The results show that the relative density, homogeneity of the microstructure and thermal conductivity of the composites increase with decreasing the diamond volume fraction; the relative density and thermal conductivity of the composites increase with increasing the sintering temperature. The thermal conductivity of the composites is a result of the combined effect of the volume fraction of diamond, the homogeneity and relative density of the composites.

Microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of TiB/Ti-1.5Fe-2.25Mo composites synthesized in situ using SPS process

TiB/Ti-1.5Fe-2.25Mo composites were synthesized in situ using the spark plasma sintering （SPS） method at temperatures of 850-1150 °C. The effect of the sintering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites was investigated. The results indicate that the aspect ratio of the in situ synthesized TiB whiskers in Ti alloy matrix decreases rapidly with an increase in sintering temperature. However, both the relative density of the sintered specimens and the volume content of TiB whiskers in composites increase with increasing sintering temperature. Thus, the bending strength of the composites synthesized using SPS process increases slowly with increasing the sintering temperature from 850 to 1150 °C. TiB/Ti-1.5Fe-2.25Mo composite synthesized at 1150 °C using SPS method exhibits the highest bending strength of 1596 MPa due to the formation of fine TiB whiskers in Ti alloy matrix and the dense microstructure of the composite.

Effect of glass fibre(GF) addition on microstructure and tensile property of GF/Pb composites fabricated by powder metallurgy

GF/Pb compositeswerefabricated by the method of powder metallurgy, and the density, microstructure and tensile propertywerecharacterized considering the size and content ofglass fibre （GF）. The results show that relative densities decrease with increasing GF fraction, and the 50μm-GF reinforced specimens exhibit a better densification than the 300μm-GF reinforced ones. The GF particles distribute quite uniformly inPb matrix, and the composites fabricated at low sintering temperature （〈200℃） possess fine-grain microstructure. The addition of GF significantly improves the strength of the Pb composites, and the ultimate tensile strength of the Pb composite reinforcedwith the addition of 50μm-0.5% GF（mass fraction）is about 30MPa higher than that of GF-free sample. For all composites groups, increasing the reinforcement content from 0.5%to 2%（mass fraction）results in a decrease in both tensile strength and ductility.

Design and characterization of Ti6Al4V/20CoCrMo−highly porous Ti6Al4V biomedical bilayer processed by powder metallurgy

The aim of this work was to develop a Ti6Al4V/20CoCrMo−highly porous Ti6Al4V bilayer for biomedical applications.Conventional powder metallurgy technique,with semi-solid state sintering as consolidation step,was employed to fabricate samples with a compact top layer and a porous bottom layer to better mimic natural bone.The densification behavior of the bilayer specimen was studied by dilatometry and the resulting microstructure was observed by scan electron microscopy(SEM)and computed microtomography(CMT),while the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance were evaluated by compression and potentiodynamic tests,respectively.The results indicate that bilayer samples without cracks were obtained at the interface which has no negative impact on the densification.Permeability values of the highly porous layer were in the lower range of those of human bones.The compression behavior is dictated by the highly porous Ti6Al4V layer.Additionally,the corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V/20CoCrMo is better than that of Ti6Al4V,which improves the performance of the bilayer sample.This work provides an insight into the important aspects of a bilayer fabrication by powder metallurgy and properties of Ti6Al4V/20CoCrMo−highly porous Ti6Al4V structure,which can potentially benefit the production of customized implants with improved wear performance and increased in vivo lifetime.

Effect of Si content on microstructure and properties of Si/Al composites

Si/Al composites with different Si contents for electronic packaging were prepared by spark plasma sintering （SPS） technique. Properties of the composites were investigated, including density, thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion and flexural strength. The effects of the Si content on microstructure and thermal and mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The results show that the Si/Al composites consist of Si and Al components and Al uniformly distributes among Si grains. The relative density of the Si/Al composites gradually increases with the decrease of Si content and reaches 98.0% when the Si content is 50%. The thermal conductivity, the coefficient of thermal expansion and the flexural strength of the composite all decrease with the increase of the Si content, and an optimal matching of them is obtained when the Si content is 60%（volume fraction）.

Effect of porosity and interface structures on thermal and mechanical properties of SiC_p/6061Al composites with high volume fraction of SiC

50 vol.% SiCp/Al composites with high thermal and mechanical properties were successfully produced by spark plasma sintering technique. The influences of sintering temperature on the thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion and bending strength of the SiCp/Al composites were carefully investigated. The results show that the SiCp/Al composites sintered at 520℃ exhibits a thermal conductivity of 189 W/(m·K), a coefficient of thermal expansion (50.200℃) of 10.03×10^-6 K^-1 and a bending strength of 649 MPa. The high thermal and mechanical properties can be ascribed to the nearly full density and the well interfacial bonding between the alloy matrix and the SiC particles. This work provides a promising pathway for producing materials to meet the needs of high performance electronic packaging.

Wear modes in open porosity titanium matrix composites with TiC addition processed by spark plasma sintering

This work focused on the influence of TiC reinforcing particles on the tribological properties of titanium matrix composites(TMCs)with open porosity,processed by spark plasma sintering(SPS).Materials composed of an equimolar mixture of Ti and TiH2 with 0,3,10 and 30 vol.% of TiC were sintered at 850 ℃.Nanoindentation and wear tests were carried out to assess the nanohardness and the wear resistance in a tribometer with a reciprocating sliding ball-on-flat configuration.Results showed a nanohardness increment from 5 to 14 GPa with increasing TiC content.The coefficient of friction(CoF)showed a minimum of 0.2 for 10% TiC grade,which also showed the lowest wear rate.For the low TiC content sample,adhesive wear with severe plastic deformation was identified.Meanwhile,medium content TiC sample showed a mechanical mixed layer(MML),whereas high TiC content composite showed abrasive as the main wear mechanism.In conclusion,the wear mechanisms,CoFs and wear volume changed with TiC content.

Preparation and sintering properties of zirconia-mullite-corundum composites using fly ash and zircon

Zirconia-mullite-corundum composites were successfully prepared from fly ash,zircon and alumina powder by a reaction sintering process.The phase and microstructure evolutions of the composite synthesized at desired temperatures of 1 400,1 500 and 1 600°C for 4 h were characterized by X-ray diffractometry and scanning electronic microscopy,respectively.The influences of sintering temperature on shrinkage ratio,apparent porosity and bulk density of the synthesized composite were investigated.The formation process of the composites was discussed in detail.The results show that the zirconia-mullite-corundum composites with good sintering properties can be prepared at 1 600°C for 4 h.Zirconia particles can be homogeneously distributed in mullite matrix,and the zirconia particles are around 5μm.The formation process of zirconia-mullite-corundum composites consists of decomposition of zircon and mullitization process.

Characteristics and wear behavior of cenosphere dispersed titanium matrix composite developed by powder metallurgy route

The cenosphere dispersed Ti matrix composite was fabricated by powder metallurgy route, and its wear and corrosion behaviors were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of the fabricated composite consists of dispersion of hollow cenosphere particles in a-Ti matrix. The average pore diameter varies from 50 to 150 μm. The presence of porosities is attributed to the damage of cenosphere particles due to the application of load during compaction as well as to the hollow nature of cenospheres. A detailed X-ray diffraction profile of the composites shows the presence of Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2 and α-Ti. The average microhardness of the composite （matrix） varies from HV 1100 to HV 1800 as compared with HV 240 of the as-received substrate. Wear studies show a significant enhancement in wear resistance against hardened steel ball and WC ball compared with that of commercially available Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The wear mechanism was established and presented in detail. The corrosion behavior of the composites in 3.56% NaCl （mass fraction） solution shows that corrosion potential （φcorr） shifts towards nobler direction with improvement in pitting corrosion resistance. However, corrosion rate of the cenosphere dispersed Ti matrix composite increases compared with that of the commercially available Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

Microstructure and properties of alumina-silicon carbide nanocomposites fabricated by pressureless sintering and post hot-isostatic pressing

A1203/5%SIC nanocomposites were fabricated by pressureless sintering using MgO as a sintering aid and then post hot-isostatic pressed （HIP）, which can subsequently break through the disadvantage of hot-pressing process. The MgO additive was able to promote the densification of the composites, but could not induce the grain growth of A1203 matrix due to the grain growth inhibition by nano-sized SiC particles. After HIP treatment, A12OJSiC nanocomposites achieved full densification and homogeneous distribution of nano-sized SiC particles. Moreover, the fracture morphology of HIP treated specimens was identical with that of the hot-pressed A1203/SiC nanocomposites showing complete transgranular fracture. Consequently, high fracture strength of 1 GPa was achieved for the A1203/5%SIC nanocomposites by pressureless sintering and post HIP process.

Mechanical and corrosion properties of Ti-35Nb-7Zr-xHA composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering

To improve the bioactivity of Ti?Nb?Zr alloy,Ti?35Nb?7Zr?xHA(hydroxyapatite,x=5,10,15and20,mass fraction,%)composites were fabricated by spark plasma sintering.The effects of the HA content on microstructure,mechanical and corrosionproperties of the composites were investigated utilizing X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),mechanicaltests and electrochemical tests.Results show that all sintered composites are mainly composed ofβ-Ti matrix,α-Ti andmetal?ceramic phases(CaO,CaTiO3,CaZrO3,TixPy,etc).Besides,some residual hydroxyapatites emerge in the composites(15%and20%HA).The compressive strengths of the composites are over1400MPa and the elastic moduli of composites((5%?15%)HA)present appropriate values(46?52GPa)close to that of human bones.The composite with15%HA exhibits low corrosion currentdensity and passive current density in Hank's solution by electrochemical test,indicating good corrosion properties.Therefore,Ti?35Nb?7Zr?15HA composite might be an alternative material for orthopedic implant applications.

Improving tribological and thermal properties of Al alloy using CNTs and Nb nanopowder via SPS for power transmission conductor

This study aimed at improving the tribological and thermal properties of Al alloy using CNTs and Nb nanopowder as reinforcements and spark plasma sintering(SPS)as the fabrication method.The SPS was conducted at 630℃,30 MPa,10 min,and 200℃/min.The tribology test was run with ball-on-disc tribometer using steel ball as the counter body.And the thermal test was processed with thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA)and laser flash apparatus(LFA).Results showed that the addition of 8 wt.%CNTs and 8 wt.%Nb reinforcements respectively decreased the coefficient of friction(COF)of the composite by 79%.The wear volume of the composite was decreased by 23%,and so was the wear rate.However,the thermal conductivity of the composite was equally improved by 44%.The tribology improvement was stimulated by a C film generated by CNTs and a protective Nb2O5 formed by Nb nanopowder.The thermal conductivity was improved by the grain refining property of Nb and the high thermal conductivity of CNTs.Therefore,these results indicated that Al-CNTs-Nb composite is a robust material for high transmission conductor capable of reducing sag and ensuring the durability of the composite.