基于复合相渗的特低渗透油藏递减率新模型

特低渗透油藏储层物性差，为提高低效井产能常配合压裂等措施，造成产量大幅度波动，预测递减率难度大．为此，以朝阳沟油田朝55区块为例，重点考虑特低渗透油藏自然递减规律和措施工作量的影响，对产量递减多因素分析理论模型进行简化，建立了基于复合相渗的特低渗透油藏递减率新模型．研究结果表明，基于复合相渗的产量递减率模型法产油量平均误差为2．97％，与Arps相比，误差降低1．91百分点，考虑了措施工作量影响后，预测产量能够反映波动状况，预测精度更高，有利于指导油田开发规划．

大庆外围低渗透裂缝性油藏含水率预测方法

大庆外围低渗透裂缝性油藏同时具有储集油气的基质系统和作为渗流通道的裂缝系统,与非裂缝性油藏相比具有特殊的含水率变化趋势,常规含水率预测方法不适用。依据低渗透裂缝性油藏油水两相渗流特征,提出了基质、裂缝系统相渗复合方法,给出大庆外围低渗透裂缝性油藏复合相对渗透率曲线,然后根据油藏工程理论,推导出含水率、采出程度计算公式,建立了裂缝性油藏含水率预测方法,结合大庆外围朝阳沟油田低渗透裂缝发育区块进行了实例计算与分析。结果表明,基于复合相渗的含水率预测方法预测相对误差为4.47%,与现有方法中误差最小的水驱规律曲线相比,计算精度提高了2.26百分点,能够较为准确地预测低渗透裂缝性油藏含水率。研究成果为裂缝性油藏开发决策和开发规划提供了理论依据。

杏六区薄差储层水驱油特征

通过对杏六区薄差储层典型相对渗透率曲线进行筛选,采用流动系数作为权重系数对单层归一化后的曲线进行复合,得到复合相对渗透率曲线。由复合相对渗透率曲线可知,杏六区薄差储层具有残余油饱和度、束缚水饱和度小,驱油效率低,共渗区范围较窄的相渗特征。根据相对渗透率曲线计算含水率和采出程度,得出含水率与采出程度的关系曲线分为"凸"型和"S"型两种。通过研究杏六区薄差储层的驱油效率与渗透率、原油黏度、驱替压力梯度的关系曲线可知,驱油效率随渗透率、驱替压力梯度的增加而增加,随地层原油黏度的增加而降低。对驱油效率与微观结构孔隙参数进行相关性分析。结果表明,孔隙半径与驱油效率之间的相关系数最小,仅仅为0.090,驱油效率和喉道半径之间的相关性最大,相关系数为0.437;另外,微观孔隙结构参数中孔隙半径对驱油效率的影响较小,喉道半径与孔喉比对驱油效率的影响较大。

Bending properties and fracture mechanism of C/C composites with high density preform

C/C composites with banded structure pyrocarbon were fabricated by fast chemical vapor infiltration（CVI）,with C3H6 as carbon source,N2 as carrier gas,and three-dimensional（3D） 12K PAN-based carbon fabric with high density of 0.94 g/cm3 as preform.Experimental results indicated that the fracture characteristics of C/C composites were closely related to the frequency of high-temperature treatment（HTT） at the break of CVI process.According to the load？displacement curves,C/C composites showed a pseudoplastic fracture after twice of HTT.After three times of HTT,load？displacement curves tended to be stable with a decreasing bending strength at 177.5 MPa.Delamination failure and intrastratal fiber fracture were observed at the cross-section of C/C composites by scanning electronic microscope.Because the content of pyrocarbon and fibers has a different distribution in layers,the C/C composites show different fracture characteristics at various regions,which leads to good toughness and bending strength.

Thermal Stability of Silica-Zirconia Membranes

The thermal stability, phase transformation, surface morphology, pore size distribution and permeation of the defect-free silica-zirconia membrane were investigated by using X-ray diffraction （XRD）, atomic force microscopy （AFM）, gas adsorption analyzer （BET）, and gas permeation apparatus, respectively. Using silica as the stabilizing agent, the defect-free membrane was much more stable than pure zirconia. The crystal transformation of zirconia in the silica-stabilized membrane could be prohibited by the interaction between silica and zireonia. ZrO2 crystals were kept tetragonal below 900℃, the size of which did not change with temperature between 700℃ and 900℃. It was further verified by the AFM observation, pore size analysis and permeation study. This thermal stability makes the silica-zirconia membrane a good choice as the intermediate layer for zeolite and Pd-based membranes.

Effect of nanofibers at surface of carbon fibers on microstructure of carbon/carbon composites during chemical vapor infiltration

Before densification by chemical vapor infiltration,carbon or SiC nanofibers were grown on the surface of carbon fibers by catalytic chemical vapor deposition using electroplated Ni as catalyst.The modification and mechanism of nanofibers on the pyrocarbon deposition during chemical vapor infiltration were investigated.The results show that the nanofibers improve the surface activity of the carbon fibers and become active nucleation centers during chemical vapor infiltration.They can induce the ordered deposition of pyrocarbon and adjust the interface bonding between pyrocarbon and carbon fibers during the infiltration.

Supplement and optimization of classical capillary number experimental curve for enhanced oil recovery by combination flooding

In the middle of the last century,American scientists put forward the concept of capillary number and obtained the relation curve between capillary number and residual oil through experiments.They revealed that the corresponding residual oil saturation decreased with increasing of capillary number;after capillary number reached up to a limit,residual oil saturation would become stable and did not decrease.These important achievements laid a theoretical base for enhanced oil recovery with chemical flooding.On the basis of the theory,scholars developed chemical flooding numerical simulation software UTCHEM.During the numerical simulation study of combination flooding,the authors found that as the capillary number is higher than the limit capillary number,the changes of the residual oil saturation along with the capillary number differ from the classical capillary number curve.Oil displacement experiments prove that there are defects in classic capillary number experimental curve and it is necessary to mend and improve.Capillary number‘calculation’curve is obtained with a method of numerical simulation calculation and a complete description of capillary number curve is provided;On this basis,combination flooding capillary number experimental curve QL is obtained through experiments,which is different from the classical capillary curve;and based on which,an expression of corresponding combination flooding relative permeability curve QL is given and the corresponding relative permeability parameters are determined with experiments.Further oil displacement experiment research recognizes the cause of the singular changes of the capillary number curve."Combination flooding capillary number experimental curve QL"and"combination flooding relative permeability curve QL"are written in combination flooding software IMCFS,providing an effective technical support for the application of combination flooding technical research.