复杂全球化场景中的社会个体身份认同变迁——兼谈非国家行为主体兴起时代的国家认同重塑

当前的全球化发展既有时间趋势上的“东升西降”“逆全球化”与“再全球化”并存,也有地理空间上的多主体与多中心的竞争,展现日益复杂的图景。这种态势不仅对民族国家构成挑战,还深刻影响社会个体的身份认同。随着超国家、跨国家和次国家政治集团、经济组织、文化团体在世界范围内的涌现,非国家行为主体也成为与国家争夺社会个体身份认同的重要力量。社会个体除被国家赋予的国民身份之外,还被超国家、跨国家和次国家行为主体赋予其他诸多身份。由此,个体身份认同出现从国家向超国家、跨国家、次国家等行为主体迁移扩散的趋势。为重塑社会个体的国家认同,民族国家需要进行全面自我审视调整,从经济、政治和文化等方面进行主体性建设,在增强综合国力的同时巩固国家认同基础,以便在复杂全球化场景中保持自身对社会个体的权威性和影响力。

Spatial Scale Effects of Water Erosion Dynamics:Complexities, Variabilities, and Uncertainties

Severe water erosion is notorious for its harmful effects on land-water resources as well as local societies. The scale effects of water erosion, however, greatly exacerbate the difficulties of accurate erosion evaluation and hazard control in the real world. Analyzing the related scale issues is thus urgent for a better understanding of erosion variations as well as reducing such erosion. In this review article, water erosion dynamics across three spatial scales including plot, watershed, and regional scales were selected and discussed. For the study purposes and objectives, the advantages and disadvantages of these scales all demonstrate clear spatial-scale dependence. Plot scale studies are primarily focused on abundant data collection and mechanism discrimination of erosion generation, while watershed scale studies provide valuable information for watershed management and hazard control as well as the development of quantitatively distributed models. Regional studies concentrate more on large-scale erosion assessment, and serve policymakers and stakeholders in achieving the basis for regulatory policy for comprehensive land uses. The results of this study show that the driving forces and mechanisms of water erosion variations among the scales are quite different. As a result, several major aspects contributing to variations in water erosion across the scales are stressed: differences in the methodologies across various scales, different sink-source roles on water erosion processes, and diverse climatic zones and morphological regions. This variability becomes more complex in the context of accelerated global change. The changing climatic factors and earth surface features are considered the fourth key reason responsible for the increased variability of water erosion across spatial scales.

The Cultural Diaspora Perspective on Translation Studies

Along with the process of globalization, diaspora has already become an eye-catching cultural phenomenon. More people cross borders of nations, leave their homeland and live in new homes, but they still maintain the characteristics of native culture and convention. The cultural turn in translation studies offers the best chance to understand more about the complexities of textual transfer and the patterns of cultural interaction. By virtue of this mode of cultural interaction, this paper has analyzed the translation practice and translation strategies from the cultural diaspora perspective, to deeply understand the relations between translation and culture beyond linguistic analysis. As in-between culture identity translators may re-examine two cultures with different eyes to find the intersection of two cultures and gain a balanced point. This move requires translators who play the role of intermediaries between cultures, to select the heterogeneous reconstruction, so as to achieve the intercultural communication in the translation activity