This paper describes how scientist-philosopher Charles S. Peirce （1839-1914） develops theories that lead eventually to contemporary complex/dynamic systems. In both Peirce and complexity theory, possible bridges app...This paper describes how scientist-philosopher Charles S. Peirce （1839-1914） develops theories that lead eventually to contemporary complex/dynamic systems. In both Peirce and complexity theory, possible bridges appear between analogical/reductionist representations and metaphorical/creative symbols. In complex/dynamic terms, Peirce＇s scientific theories become a conceptual egg that hatches a century later in complex systems, which is relevant in turn to environmental science and engineering.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to look at some important educational aspects of complexity decision making m a mummsc^pnnary manner from the perspective of General Systems Theory （GST）. First, the major issues involved in...The aim of this paper is to look at some important educational aspects of complexity decision making m a mummsc^pnnary manner from the perspective of General Systems Theory （GST）. First, the major issues involved in complexity management and decision making are summarized as they are viewed in literature, and a review of GST and Systems Thinking is given. The discussion in the paper is developed within the context of GST in general, but concentrated on decision making in the three trends of GST： Operations Research, Cybernetics, and Managerial Cybernetics. Here, the role of Cybernetics in complexity decision making is particularly emphasized. The discussion is then extended to the latest developments in complexity decision making in Science of Complexity and Soft Systems Thinking. The study also includes a framework which is expected to guide instructors who are planning to offer contemporary courses on decision making. The framework provides some clues for assessing the level of complexity for a given situation and selecting the appropriate methodology for solution development.展开更多
Along with the further development of science and technology, computer hardware and the Intemet are in a rapid development, and information technology has been widely used in all fields so that complex problems are si...Along with the further development of science and technology, computer hardware and the Intemet are in a rapid development, and information technology has been widely used in all fields so that complex problems are simply solved. Because of the needs for the development, software starts to mutually integrate with complex power network, making the scale of software increase greatly. Such a growing trend of software promotes soft-ware development to go beyond a general understanding and control and thus a complex system is formed. It is necessary to strengthen the research of complex network theory, and this is a new way to help people study the complexity of software systems. In this paper, the development course of complex dynamic network is introduced simply and the use of complex power network in the software engineering is summarized. Hopefully, this paper can help the crossover study of complex power network and software engineering in the future.展开更多
This article traces the evolution of the field of second language acquisition/development(SLA/SLD). It chronicles the evolution in terms of different disciplines and theories that have been influential, beginning with...This article traces the evolution of the field of second language acquisition/development(SLA/SLD). It chronicles the evolution in terms of different disciplines and theories that have been influential, beginning with the origin of SLA/SLD in linguistic thinking and expanding its scope of inquiry to psycholinguistics. It has developed further with the disciplines of anthropology and sociology holding sway. More recently, newer cognitive theories have been influential. The article discusses the recent call for a transdisciplinary approach. More specifically, the author promotes the adoption of complex dynamic systems theory, in keeping with non-reductionist systems thinking. Not only is this sociocognitive theory an interdisciplinary theory, but it also highlights the dynamic, variable, nonlinear nature of second language development. This it does within an ecological conception of development, which insists on the relevance of context. It also maintains that SLA/SLD is not a matter of input becoming output, but rather that language patterns emerge from the interaction of its users, given the affordances that they perceive. The article concludes with a discussion of several instructional issues.展开更多
文摘This paper describes how scientist-philosopher Charles S. Peirce （1839-1914） develops theories that lead eventually to contemporary complex/dynamic systems. In both Peirce and complexity theory, possible bridges appear between analogical/reductionist representations and metaphorical/creative symbols. In complex/dynamic terms, Peirce＇s scientific theories become a conceptual egg that hatches a century later in complex systems, which is relevant in turn to environmental science and engineering.
文摘The aim of this paper is to look at some important educational aspects of complexity decision making m a mummsc^pnnary manner from the perspective of General Systems Theory （GST）. First, the major issues involved in complexity management and decision making are summarized as they are viewed in literature, and a review of GST and Systems Thinking is given. The discussion in the paper is developed within the context of GST in general, but concentrated on decision making in the three trends of GST： Operations Research, Cybernetics, and Managerial Cybernetics. Here, the role of Cybernetics in complexity decision making is particularly emphasized. The discussion is then extended to the latest developments in complexity decision making in Science of Complexity and Soft Systems Thinking. The study also includes a framework which is expected to guide instructors who are planning to offer contemporary courses on decision making. The framework provides some clues for assessing the level of complexity for a given situation and selecting the appropriate methodology for solution development.
文摘Along with the further development of science and technology, computer hardware and the Intemet are in a rapid development, and information technology has been widely used in all fields so that complex problems are simply solved. Because of the needs for the development, software starts to mutually integrate with complex power network, making the scale of software increase greatly. Such a growing trend of software promotes soft-ware development to go beyond a general understanding and control and thus a complex system is formed. It is necessary to strengthen the research of complex network theory, and this is a new way to help people study the complexity of software systems. In this paper, the development course of complex dynamic network is introduced simply and the use of complex power network in the software engineering is summarized. Hopefully, this paper can help the crossover study of complex power network and software engineering in the future.
文摘This article traces the evolution of the field of second language acquisition/development(SLA/SLD). It chronicles the evolution in terms of different disciplines and theories that have been influential, beginning with the origin of SLA/SLD in linguistic thinking and expanding its scope of inquiry to psycholinguistics. It has developed further with the disciplines of anthropology and sociology holding sway. More recently, newer cognitive theories have been influential. The article discusses the recent call for a transdisciplinary approach. More specifically, the author promotes the adoption of complex dynamic systems theory, in keeping with non-reductionist systems thinking. Not only is this sociocognitive theory an interdisciplinary theory, but it also highlights the dynamic, variable, nonlinear nature of second language development. This it does within an ecological conception of development, which insists on the relevance of context. It also maintains that SLA/SLD is not a matter of input becoming output, but rather that language patterns emerge from the interaction of its users, given the affordances that they perceive. The article concludes with a discussion of several instructional issues.
