不同复水条件对闽笋干质构特性的影响

目的:研究不同复水条件对闽笋干质构特性的影响。方法:采用预煮和热泡处理方式对闽笋干进行复水,通过质构仪测定分析不同热处理条件下闽笋干的硬度、弹性和咀嚼性的变化规律。结果:不同的热处理方式对笋干质构特性的影响有一定差异,在预煮20~60 min时,闽笋干的硬度和咀嚼性都显著降低(p <0.05),弹性则在预煮60 min时上升到0.88 g;经热泡处理后,闽笋干硬度呈先下降后上升的趋势,而弹性变化趋势与硬度相反。笋干在预煮60 min、热泡4 h条件下显示出最低的硬度和最高的弹性,咀嚼性基本维持在8 830左右,明显低于预煮组。相关性分析表明,硬度与咀嚼性呈显著正相关(p <0.01)。结论:笋干在预煮60 min、热泡4 h后具有良好的质构特性,能更好地反映笋干质地,可为笋干工业化复水研究以及烹调过程提供科学依据。

复水条件对淡干海参复水液中水溶性蛋白质含量的影响

以淡干海参在复水液中水溶性蛋白质含量为指标,通过单因素及正交试验优化淡干海参的复水条件,确定复水条件对其营养价值的影响。结果表明,经85℃热烫10 min,70℃保温40-50 h,淡干海参的水溶性蛋白质损失最少。

加工工艺和复水条件对脱水胡萝卜复水性的影响

研究不同切片厚度、干制温度及复水条件对胡萝卜片复水性的影响。在单因素试验基础上,采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计对胡萝卜片复水条件进行优化研究。结果表明,胡萝卜片厚度小于4mm,干燥温度65℃,胡萝卜片的复水性最好;复水过程中,各因素对胡萝卜片复水比的影响次序依次为:浸温>浸时>用水量。最佳复水条件为浸温77℃、浸时145min、用水量200mL/3g干制品。

蘑菇酱加工条件及其风味

以干杏鲍菇和黄豆酱为主要原料,并对干杏鲍菇复水条件进行研究。采用模糊感官评定和响应面实验设计对配方进行优化,研制出风味独特的蘑菇酱,最后运用GC-MS对其最优配方酱进行风味分析。结果表明,蘑菇酱制作的工艺为:酱与蘑菇的比例为2∶1,盐添加质量分数为7.50%,糖添加质量分数6.66%;蘑菇酱中风味物质主要由酮类、醛类、醇类、酯类、酸类、含硫化合物组成,其中蘑菇风味的主要挥发性成分1-辛烯-3-醇的质量分数达11.26%。

制备活性干酵母的工艺研究

活性干酵母因其保存和运输方便、发酵进程激活快、乙醇生成速率高等优点逐渐在工业中被推广。实验室前期筛选出了优秀的酿酒酵母,但缺少活性干酵母制备工艺的研究与优化,该研究在前期研究的基础上,将筛选出的优良酿酒酵母进行活性干酵母制备条件的优化。结果表明,酿酒酵母菌株H1制备活性干酵母的最佳工艺是离心速度4500 r/min、离心时间10 min、添加10%乳糖作为保护剂进行冷冻干燥。将干酵母的菌体用水稀释25倍,在水温45℃、葡萄糖浓度为5%的条件下复水活化30 min,与鲜酵母同时接入发酵培养基中进行发酵试验,发酵结束后,干酵母和鲜酵母试验组原料(还原糖)剩余量分别为0.93,0.82 g/dL,产物(乙醇)生成量分别为9.60,9.72 g/dL,可知干酵母依旧保持良好的发酵性能。该研究以期为小批量简便制备活性干酵母提供理论依据和技术方法。

香辣香菇酱加工工艺的研究

为了充分利用香菇加工过程中产生的大量下脚料,以干香菇柄为主要原料,添加黄豆酱、辣椒、白砂糖等辅料加工研制香辣香菇酱。首先对干香菇柄复水工艺条件进行了研究,然后对影响产品质量、风味的主要因素黄豆酱、辣椒、白砂糖进行了单因素试验和正交试验,根据试验结果确定了产品的最佳配方。结果表明,香辣香菇酱的最佳配方为食用油60%,黄豆酱90%,辣椒8%,白砂糖8%,食盐1%,味精0.5%,香辛料1%,制得的产品菇香浓郁,鲜香微辣。

气膨化法涨发鱼肚的工艺参数优化

目的 优化气膨化法涨发鱼肚的工艺参数。方法 以干制鱼肚为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验对鱼肚气膨化涨发进行研究,并对其主要营养成分、复水性和理化指标进行测定。结果 得出使鱼肚气膨化效果最佳的工艺条件为:上火90℃、下火100℃初烤30 min后,再上火225℃、下火230℃烤2.0 min。各因素对鱼肚气膨化涨发效果的影响程度依次为:第2阶段烤制温度、第1阶段烤制温度、第1阶段烤制时间、第2阶段烤制时间。气膨化鱼肚最佳的复水条件为:15℃的水温复水35 min。复水后的鱼肚外形均匀完整,香味浓厚,无白点,弹性好。测定鱼肚经不同膨化方法处理后的主要营养成分含量,得到气膨化鱼肚的粗蛋白含量为75.94%,粗脂肪含量为0.53%,灰分含量为0.23%。结论 气膨化法操作简单便捷,且效果比传统涨发方式更有优势,鱼肚的感官品质更优,营养价值更高。

Bending and Washing Reliabilities of Screen-Printed UHF RFID Tags Based on Woven Water-Mark Fabric

Compared with bar code and quick response( QR) code in the storage and retailing management of textiles, the ultra-high frequency( UHF) radio frequency identification( RFID) tags have high information capacity as well as reliability in complex environmental conditions. In this study,the UHF RFID tags with perfect integration with textiles are assembled with screen-printed antenna on woven water-mark nylon fabric and Alien UHF integrated circuit( IC), and their reading performance under various washing and bending conditions is evaluated by an RFID reader. The results show that the tags after fifty bending( both arch and sink) cycles of screen-printed antenna still have reading distance more than 5.5 m,and an average reading distance is over 4.0 m after five washing cycles. The experimental results demonstrate that the tag antenna on the water-mark fabric can be manufactured by the screen-printing technology,and a coating process on this fabric facilitates the reading performance and the resistance against complex mechanical impact.

Diagnostic model construction and example analysis of habitat degradation in enclosed bay:Ⅲ. Sansha Bay habitat restoration strategy

Unbalanced inputs and outputs of material are the root cause of habitat degradation in Sansha Bay,Fujian Province,China. However,the cumulative pollution varies in different geographic locations and natural conditions in the enclosed bay. In this study,hydrodynamic conditions,sediment characteristics,and aquaculture methods were recognized as the underlying causes of spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of nitrogen and phosphorous pollutants,the two major controlling factors of habitat degradation in the bay area. In order to achieve the goal of balancing nutrient inputs and outputs in Sansha Bay,we developed a feasible and practical zone restoration strategy for reasonable adjustment and arrangement of aquaculture species and production scale in accordance with varying hydrodynamic conditions and sediment characteristics in six sub-bay areas(sub-systems). The proposed zone restoration strategy lays a solid foundation for habitat restoration and management in Sansha Bay.

Study on Preparation of Temperature-sensitive Injectable Hydrogel

To get a sort of new scaffold material for soft tissue reconstruction,we have prepared XLHA-PNIPAAm and XLHA-MC injectable hydrogels through blending crosslinked HA(XLHA) and two temperature-sensitive materials differed in degradation poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAAm) and methylcellulose(MC),respectively.We tested the injectablility,enzymatic biodegradability,temperature-sensitivity,structure cytotoxicity and hemolysis of the two injectable hydrogels.Our research has successfully obtained the preparation condition of XLHA-PNIPAAm injectable hydrogel,and verified that adding non-degradable material PNIPAAm can postpone the degradation of HA more effectively than degradable material MC.PNIPAAm prepared with 5 kGy dose radiation,MBAAm/NIPAAm(M/M)=0.015,monomer concentration=3% produced XLHA-PNIPAAm with slowest enzymatic biodegradability.DSC results showed that temperature-sensitivity of the XLHA-PNIPAAm was more stable than that of XLHA-MC.Two composite hydrogels were qualified in cytotoxicity and hemolysis tests and the biocompatibility of XLHA-PNIPAAm hydrogel showed better than XLHA-MC hydrogel.

Immobilization of Agaricus Bisporus Laccase on Ceramic-Chitosan Composite Support and Their Properties:Potential for Oily Wastewater Treatment

Laccase was immobilized on the ceramic-chitosan composite support by using glutaraldehyde as the cross-linking reagent. The immobilization conditions and characterization of the immobilized enzyme were investigated. The immobilization of laccase was successfully realized when 3.0 mL of 1.25 mg/mL of laccase at a pH value of 4.0 reacted with 0.15 g of ceramic-chitosan composite support(CCCS) at 4 ℃ for 24 h. The immobilized enzyme exhibited a maximum activity at pH 3.0. The optimal temperatures for immobilized enzyme were 25 ℃ and 50 ℃. The K_m value of immobilized laccase for ABTS was 66.64 μmol/L at a pH value of 3.0 at 25 ℃. Compared with free laccase, the thermal, operating and storage stability of immobilized laccase was improved after the immobilization.