海湾扇贝引种复状研究

海湾扇贝于1982年从美国引进中国，10年后发展形成庞大的海水养殖产业。为解决全人工养殖中育苗和养成生产中出现的病害造成大量死亡、个体小型化趋向、单位产量下降及肉柱得率降低等严重问题，于1991年12月再次从加拿大引进海湾扇贝种贝，通过人工育苗途径，更换了原有养殖群体的种质。在12个海区试养结果表明，再次引进的海湾扇贝，其抗逆性、生长速度、体型、肉柱得率、生活力等性状，均比原养殖群体有显著提高。自1994年起已在山东、河北、辽宁等省市推广养殖了引种复状的海湾扇贝。

乐昌市大力推进四大家鱼提纯复状

近年来，位于粤北山区的乐昌市大力推进四大家鱼的提纯复状，取得了突出的成效，目前，全市60％的养殖水面已实现四大家鱼养殖品种的良种化，有力地促进了该市渔业的发展。

赤霉菌菌种复状培养的表观观察

通过赤霉菌转种复状培养的观察发现，赤霉菌在常规培养其上均生长良好，适应性强，如将其扩大培养，转为固体发酵生产九二O，可望获得好结构，取得好效益。

结构钢中纤维状复合组织对抑制可逆回火脆性的影响

本文研究了 ３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＡ钢中马氏体（Ｍ）＋铁素体（Ｆ）＋贝氏体（Ｂｍ）＋残留奥氏体（ＡＲ）纤维状多相复合组织以及Ｍ＋Ｆ纤维状双相组织对抑制可逆回火脆性的影响，并与该钢常规调质态进行了对比，结果表明：纤维状多相复合组织和双相组织能明显抑制可逆回火脆性。该类复合组织使回火脆化的断裂机制由沿晶断裂改变为韧窝加部分窄条形准解理断裂。

怀地黄—金状元复壮前后产量比较

从二十几个农家品种中,筛选出金状元进行提纯复壮,经二年三圃法复壮的金状元与未复壮金状元进行产量对比,前者产量可达2500—3000公斤/亩,比后者提高了60%以上,且一、二等货比例较大。

防止天麻退化的复壮更新技术

防止天麻退化的复壮更新技术朱志初，朱小强（陕西省商洛农校７２６０００）鉴于天麻退化，致使产量低、质量差、商品率低的问题，我们进行了几年的研究与实践，采取相应的复壮更新技术，取得了良好的效果。现就天麻退化减产的原因和复壮更新技术总结如下。１天麻退化的原...

肥麦提纯复壮的初步研究

肥麦在我区已有20多年的栽培历史了,在人们长期的栽培过程中,由于受人为的混杂(脱粒、播种等)和自然杂交的影响,许多优良性状出现了非常严重的混杂退化现象,比如穗子变小、不实率增加、植株高矮不齐、抗逆减弱等等。本文采用“单穗选择、分穗比较、混合繁殖”的方法,经过三年的研究试验,基本上恢复了肥麦的优良性状,取得了明显的效果。

毛竹疏残林复壮丰产技术

安徽省舒城县山区有部分毛竹疏残林,其主要特征是:立竹稀,每公顷均立竹750～900株;竹龄老,多为5～8年生竹;竹径小,平均胸径仅5～6cm;杂灌多,长期处在杂灌丛中;效益低,砍伐收入仅够工本。为尽快改变这种状况,改造毛竹疏残林,使其复壮丰产,我们采取了以下主要技术措施:

奥沙利铂联合多西他赛治疗晚期复发食管癌临床分析

目的分析和探讨应用奥沙利铂联合多西他赛对晚期复发食管鳞状细胞癌的疗效。方法选取该院2007年3月—2013年12月收治的32例晚期复发食管鳞状细胞癌患者,对其临床治疗资料进行回顾性分析。结果观察组患者在近期临床总有效率68.75%、远期存活率以及不良反应率方面均明显优于对照组患者(31.25%),组间比较存在显著性差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用奥沙利铂联合多西他赛对晚期复治食管鳞状细胞癌患者进行治疗,其临床疗有效率较高,不良反应可以耐受,是一种安全有效的临床治疗措施。

Microstructural development and its effects on mechanical properties of Al/Cu laminated composite

The microstructural development and its effect on the mechanical properties of Al/Cu laminated composite produced by asymmetrical roll bonding and annealing were studied. The composite characterizations were conducted by transmission electron microscope（TEM）, scanning electron microscope（SEM）, peeling tests and tensile tests. It is found that the ultra-fine grained laminated composites with tight bonding interface are prepared by the roll bonding technique. The annealing prompts the atomic diffusion in the interface between dissimilar matrixes, and even causes the formation of intermetallic compounds. The interfacial bonding strength increases to the maximum value owing to the interfacial solution strengthening at 300 °C annealing, but sharply decreases by the damage effect of intermetallic compounds at elevated temperatures. The composites obtain high tensile strength due to the Al crystallization grains and Cu twins at 300 °C. At 350 °C annealing, however, the composites get high elongation by the interfacial interlayer with submicron thickness.

Fabrication of superaligned carbon nanotubes reinforced copper matrix laminar composite by electrodeposition

A new kind of laminar metal matrix nanocomposite（MMC） was fabricated by an electrodeposition process with copper and superaligned carbon nanotubes film（SACNT film）.The SACNT film was put on a titanium plate and then a layer of copper was electrodeposited on it.By repeating the above process,the laminar Cu/SACNT composite which contains dozens or hundreds of layers of copper and SACNT films was obtained.The thickness of a single copper layer was controlled by adjusting the process parameter easily and the thinnest layer is less than 2 μm.The microscopic observation shows that the directional alignment structure of SACNT is retained in the composite perfectly.The mechanical and electrical properties testing results show that the tensile and yield strengths of composites are improved obviously compared with those of pure copper,and the high conductivity is retained.This technology is a potential method to make applicable MMC which characterizes high volume fraction and directional alignment of carbon nanotubes.

INTEGRATION SHAPE AND SIZING OPTIMIZATION OF COMPOSITE WING STRUCTURE BASED ON RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD

An effective optimization method for the shape/sizing design of composite wing structures is presented with satisfying weight-cutting results. After decoupling, a kind of two-layer cycled optimization strategy suitable for these integrated shape/sizing optimization is obtained. The uniform design method is used to provide sample points, and approximation models for shape design variables. And the results of sizing optimization are construct- ed with the quadratic response surface method （QRSM）. The complex method based on QRSM is used to opti- mize the shape design variables and the criteria method is adopted to optimize the sizing design variables. Compared with the conventional method, the proposed algorithm is more effective and feasible for solving complex composite optimization problems and has good efficiency in weight cutting.

Deformation behaviors and processing maps of CNTs/Al alloy composite fabricated by flake powder metallurgy

Deformation behaviors of CNTs/Al alloy composite fabricated by the method of flake powder metallurgy were investigated by hot compression tests, which were performed in the temperature range of 300?550 °C and strain rate range of 0.001? 10 s?1 with Gleeble?3500 thermal simulator system. Processing maps of the CNTs/Al alloy at different strains were calculated to study the optimum processing domain. Microstructures before and after hot compressions were characterized by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) method. Stress?strain curves indicate that the flow stress increases with the increase of strain rate and the decrease of temperature. The processing maps of the CNTs/Al alloy at different strains show that the optimum processing domain is 500?550 °C, 10 s?1 for hot working. EBSD analysis demonstrates that fully dynamic recrystallization occurs in the optimum processing domain (high strainrate 10 s?1), whereas the main soften mechanism is dynamic recovery at low strain rate (0.001 s?1).

Hot deformation and processing maps of Al_2O_3/Al composites fabricated by flake powder metallurgy

The deformation behaviors of Al2O3/Al composites were investigated by compressive tests conducted at temperature of 300-450 °C and strain rates of 0.001-1.0 s-1 with Gleeble-1500 D thermal simulator system. The results show that the flow stress increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature. The hyperbolic sine constitutive equation can describe the flow stress behavior of Al2O3/Al composites, and the deformation activation energy and constitutive equations were calculated. The processing maps of Al2O3/Al-2 μm and Al2O3/Al-1 μm composites at strain of 0.6 were obtained and the optimum processing domains are in ranges of 300-330 °C, 0.007-0.03 s-1 and 335-360 °C, 0.015-0.06 s-1 for hot working, respectively. The instability zones of flow behavior can also be recognized by the maps.

Characterisation of wear particles from biomedical carbon/carbon composites with different preforms in hip joint simulator

A hip joint simulator was employed to predict the clinical wear behaviour of carbon/carbon （C/C） composites with needled carbon cloth preform and carbon felt preform. Wear particles generated from the two kinds of C/C composites were isolated and characterised by the size distribution and morphology. The evolvement of wear particles in the hip joint simulator was proposed. The results show that the wear particles from two kinds of C/C composites have a size ranging from submicron to tens of micrometers. The wear particles have various morphologies including broken fiber, fragment fiber, slice pyrolytic carbon and spherical pyrolytic carbon. C/C composites with needled carbon cloth preforms have larger size range and more broken fiber particles and slice pyrolytic carbon particles in comparison with C/C composites with carbon felt preforms. The evolvement of pyrolytic carbon particles is caused by surface regularization, whereas, the evolvement of carbon fiber particles is related to stress direction in the hip joint simulator.

α-MnO_2 nanoneedle-based hollow microspheres coated with Pd nanoparticles as a novel catalyst for rechargeable lithium-air batteries

The hollow α-MnO2 nanoneedle-based microspheres coated with Pd nanoparticles were reported as a novel catalyst for rechargeable lithium-air batteries. The hollow microspheres are composed ofα-MnO2 nanoneedles. Pd nanoparticles are deposited on the hollow microspheres through an aqueous-solution reduction of PdCl2 with NaBH4 at room temperature. The results of TEM, XRD, and EDS show that the Pd nanoparticles are coated on the surface ofα-MnO2 nanoneedles uniformly and the mass fraction of Pd in the Pd-coated α-MnO2 catalyst is about 8.88%. Compared with the counterpart of the hollow α-MnO2 catalyst, the hollow Pd-coated α-MnO2 catalyst improves the energy conversion efficiency and the charge-discharge cycling performance of the air electrode. The initial specific discharge capacity of an air electrode composed of Super P carbon and the as-prepared Pd-coatedα-MnO2 catalyst is 1220 mA＆#183;h/g （based on the total electrode mass） at a current density of 0.1 mA/cm2, and the capacity retention rate is about 47.3% after 13 charge-discharge cycles. The results of charge-discharge cycling tests demonstrate that this novel Pd-coatedα-MnO2 catalyst with a hierarchical core-shell structure is a promising catalyst for the lithium-air battery.

QTL Analysis of Agronomic Traits in Soybean

[Objective]The aim was to analyze QTL of agronomic traits in soybean and provide reference for a discussion on soybean genetic mechanism and genetic breeding. [Method]The composite interval mapping method was used for QTL location and genetic effects analysis on 5 quantitative traits including protein content,fat content,yield,100-grain weight and growth period. [Result]The control of these traits 4,4,1,2,5,a total of 16 QTL loci was detected. The genetic contribution rate was in 7.4%-33.7%,among which,a large main-effect QTL of the genetic contribution rate were located in linkage group I Satt562-Sat_219,Sat_219-Satt496,Sat_219-Satt496 interval of the three control protein content QTL sites,their genetic contribution rates were 29.15%,33.7 % and 31.67% respectively,all from the female parent Hefeng 25 plus minor gene; still in O linkage group Satt477-Satt331,Satt331-Satt153 interval of two control growing period QTL loci,their genetic contribution rates were up to 24.69% and 24.96%,also from the female parent Hefeng 25 plus minor gene. In addition,six QTL sites from M linkage group Satt175 （protein）,A1 linkage group Satt684 （oil）,F linkage group Satt348 （oil）,J linkage group Sat_412 （oil）,C1 linkage group Sat_416 （100-grain weight） and C1 linkage group Sat_416 （growth period） marks only 0.01 cm were detected. [Conclusion]QTL sites which had effects on the 5 important agronomic traits in soybean were located.