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不同外加糖源对桑葚果酒品质及香气的影响
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作者 曹雨桐 强文乐 +5 位作者 付灏 马成龙 田浩阳 李恺安 张洪松 马腾臻 《中国酿造》 CAS 北大核心 2024年第8期162-169,共8页
为探究不同外加糖源对桑葚果酒品质及挥发性风味成分的影响,该试验以桑葚为原料,分别添加蔗糖、蜂蜜、苹果汁、葡萄汁和沙棘汁酿造桑葚果酒(分别编号为ZT、FM、PG、PT和SJ),分析不同外加糖源对桑葚果酒理化指标、颜色参数、香气及感官... 为探究不同外加糖源对桑葚果酒品质及挥发性风味成分的影响,该试验以桑葚为原料,分别添加蔗糖、蜂蜜、苹果汁、葡萄汁和沙棘汁酿造桑葚果酒(分别编号为ZT、FM、PG、PT和SJ),分析不同外加糖源对桑葚果酒理化指标、颜色参数、香气及感官品质的影响,并基于挥发性香气成分进行正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)。结果表明,PT酒样酒精度(8.02%vol)、总酚(546.25 mg/L)和总黄酮(85.31 mg/L)含量最高。所有酒样中共检出61种挥发性香气物质,其中PT酒样香气物质最多(54种)。基于气味活性值(OAV)>1筛选出15种关键香气物质;基于变量重要性投影(VIP)值>1的OPLS-DA,共筛选出13种差异香气物质;香气轮分析桑葚酒的香气轮廓主要表现为果香、植物味和花香,其中PT酒样的香气活性强度最高。外源糖源的添加对桑葚果酒感官品质有较明显的提升效果,其中PT酒样感官评分最高(77.43分),有较好的色泽、香气浓郁度和典型性,回味悠长。因此,葡萄汁可作为桑葚果酒酿造的良好外加糖源。 展开更多
关键词 桑葚酒 外加 理化指标 挥发性风味成分 感官品质
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外加电压源配电网相间故障重合前无故障识别 被引量:12
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作者 姚迪 邵文权 吴朝俊 《西安工程大学学报》 CAS 2019年第1期69-73,共5页
针对10 kV配电线路三相跳闸后系统中可利用电气信息有限的问题,注入外加电压源获取更加丰富的电气特征。根据配电线路相间故障消失后电路结构发生变化,电压电流相位差变化90°的特点,利用电压量和电流量构建三相重合前故障性质识别... 针对10 kV配电线路三相跳闸后系统中可利用电气信息有限的问题,注入外加电压源获取更加丰富的电气特征。根据配电线路相间故障消失后电路结构发生变化,电压电流相位差变化90°的特点,利用电压量和电流量构建三相重合前故障性质识别方案。建模仿真结果表明,给出的方法能够准确识别故障性质,且基本不受故障位置以及过渡电阻的影响,具有良好适用性。 展开更多
关键词 配电网 外加电压 相位差 相间故障 无故障识别
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电磁场等效定理证明与应用简析
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作者 刘俊群 《信息化研究》 2009年第8期12-15,共4页
从电磁场等效定理的应用引出等效定理,在广义Maxwell方程组的基础上明确引入外加电流源和媒质的第3个参数电导率σ,对电磁场等效定理进行了表述。对它的一般证明方法进行了分析与扩展,证明过程中不考虑电磁荷源的论述,证明了等效定理;... 从电磁场等效定理的应用引出等效定理,在广义Maxwell方程组的基础上明确引入外加电流源和媒质的第3个参数电导率σ,对电磁场等效定理进行了表述。对它的一般证明方法进行了分析与扩展,证明过程中不考虑电磁荷源的论述,证明了等效定理;对有传导电流源情形下的面电磁流源与面电磁荷源的连续性给出了证明。最后给出了等效定理的应用实例。 展开更多
关键词 电磁场等效定理 广义Maxwell方程组 外加源 电导率 连续性方程
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大同盆地高砷地下水中可培养耐砷微生物的群落结构 被引量:2
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作者 许珊 苏春利 +1 位作者 冯亮 王焰新 《生态毒理学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2013年第2期207-214,共8页
大同盆地是典型的高砷地下水分布区。利用从地方性砷中毒严重病区山阴县采集的高砷地下水样品,用稀释培养法实验研究了外加砷源对地下水中微生物数量的影响;同时基于生物学可培养法和16SrDNA序列比对法,选取代表性高砷水样,研究了耐砷... 大同盆地是典型的高砷地下水分布区。利用从地方性砷中毒严重病区山阴县采集的高砷地下水样品,用稀释培养法实验研究了外加砷源对地下水中微生物数量的影响;同时基于生物学可培养法和16SrDNA序列比对法,选取代表性高砷水样,研究了耐砷菌的种群特征。结果表明,外加砷源对地下水中微生物数量影响显著,高浓度砷会抑制大部分微生物生长,使微生物数量减少;低浓度砷对微生物生长具有一定促进作用。通过多次分离、纯化从3个不同砷含量地下水样中分离到多株砷抗性菌,经鉴定属于主要为Bacillus、Pseudomonas、Paenibacillus、Aeromonas、Enterobacter5个属。从RDP(RibosomalDatabaseProject)分析显示3个水样可培养微生物组成不同,都有生存能力强能够耐低浓度NaAsO2的Bacillales,优势耐砷菌是γ-proteobacteria,其中Enterbacter具有耐高浓度NaAsO2的能力。 展开更多
关键词 外加 微生物数量 耐砷菌 大同盆地
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Achieving low effluent NO_3-N and TN concentrations in low influent chemical oxygen demand(COD) to total Kjeldahl nitrogen(TKN) ratio without using external carbon source
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作者 操家顺 OLEYIBLO Oloche James +2 位作者 薛朝霞 OTACHE Y.Martins 冯骞 《Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第4期1039-1052,共14页
Two mathematical models were used to optimize the performance of a full-scale biological nutrient removal(BNR) activated treatment plant, a plug-flow bioreactors operated in a 3-stage phoredox process configuration, a... Two mathematical models were used to optimize the performance of a full-scale biological nutrient removal(BNR) activated treatment plant, a plug-flow bioreactors operated in a 3-stage phoredox process configuration, anaerobic anoxic oxic(A2 /O). The ASM2 d implemented on the platform of WEST2011 software and the Bio Win activated sludge/anaerobic digestion(AS/AD) models were used in this study with the aim of consistently achieving the designed effluent criteria at a low operational cost. Four ASM2 d parameters(the reduction factor for denitrification(η NO3, H), the maximum growth rate of heterotrophs( μ H), the rate constant for stored polyphosphates in PAOs(q pp), and the hydrolysis rate constant(k h)) were adjusted. Whereas three Bio Win parameters(aerobic decay rate(b H), heterotrophic dissolved oxygen(DO) half saturation(K OA), and Y P /acetic) were adjusted. Calibration of the two models was successful; both models have average relative deviations(ARD) less than 10% for all the output variables. Low effluent concentrations of nitrate nitrogen(N-NO3), total nitrogen(TN), and total phosphorus(TP) were achieved in a full-scale BNR treatment plant having low influent chemical oxygen demand(COD) to total Kjeldahl nitrogen(TKN) ratio(COD/TKN). The effluent total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen concentrations were improved by 50% and energy consumption was reduced by approximately 25%, which was accomplished by converting the two-pass aerobic compartment of the plug-flow bioreactor to anoxic reactors and being operated in an alternating mode. Findings in this work are helpful in improving the operation of wastewater treatment plant while eliminating the cost of external carbon source and reducing energy consumption. 展开更多
关键词 anaerobic anoxic oxic (A2/O) process activated sludge ASM2D BioWin AS/AD WEST2011
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Cassava stillage and its anaerobic fermentation liquid as external carbon sources in biological nutrient removal 被引量:4
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作者 Fan BU Xiang HU +1 位作者 Li XIE Qi ZHOU 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第4期304-316,共13页
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of one kind of food industry effluent, cassava stillage and its anaerobic fermentation liquid, on biological nutrient removal (BNR) from municipal wastewater in a... The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of one kind of food industry effluent, cassava stillage and its anaerobic fermentation liquid, on biological nutrient removal (BNR) from municipal wastewater in anaerobic- anoxic-aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). Experiments were carried out with cassava stillage supernatant and its anaerobic fermentation liquid, and one pure compound (sodium acetate) served as an external carbon source. Cyclic studies indicated that the cassava by-products not only affected the transformation of nitrogen, phosphorus, poly-13-hydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and glycogen in the BNR process, but also resulted in higher removal efficiencies for phosphorus and nitrogen compared with sodium acetate. Furthermore, assays for phosphorus accumulating or- ganisms (PAOs) and denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAOs) demonstrated that the proportion of DPAOs to PAOs reached 62.6% (Day 86) and 61.8% (Day 65) when using cassava stillage and its anaerobic fer- mentation liquid, respectively, as the external carbon source. In addition, the nitrate utilization rates (NURs) of the cassava by-products were in the range of 5.49-5.99 g N/(kg MLVSS.h) (MLVSS is mixed liquor volatile suspended solids) and 6.63-6.81 g N/(kg MLVSS.h), respectively. The improvement in BNR performance and the reduction in the amount of cassava stillage to be treated in-situ make cassava stillage and its anaerobic fermentation liquid attractive alternatives to sodium acetate as external carbon sources for BNR processes. 展开更多
关键词 Biological nutrient removal (BNR) DENITRIFICATION Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) External carbon source
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Effect of vegetation type, wetting intensity, and nitrogen supply on external carbon stimulated heterotrophic respiration and microbial biomass carbon in forest soils 被引量:6
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作者 WU HaoHao XU XingKai +2 位作者 DUAN CunTao LI TuanSheng CHENG WeiGuo 《Science China Earth Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第8期1446-1456,共11页
By using packed soil-core incubation experiments, we have studied stimulating effects of addition of external carbon (C) (glu- cose, 6.4 g C m 2) on heterotrophic respiration and microbial biomass C of a mature br... By using packed soil-core incubation experiments, we have studied stimulating effects of addition of external carbon (C) (glu- cose, 6.4 g C m 2) on heterotrophic respiration and microbial biomass C of a mature broadleaf and Korean pine mixed forest (BKPF) and an adjacent white birch forest (WBF) soil under different wetting intensities (55% and 80% WFPS, water-filled pore space) and nitrogen (N) supply (NH4C1 and KNO3, 4.5 g N m-e) conditions. The results showed that for the control, the cumulative carbon dioxide (CO2) flux from WBF soil during the 15-day incubation ranged from 5.44 to 5.82 g CO2-C m-2, which was significantly larger than that from BKPF soil (2.86 to 3.36 g CO2-C m 2). With increasing wetting intensity, the cumulative CO2 flux from the control was decreased for the WBF soil, whereas an increase in the CO2 flux was observed in the BKPF soil (P 〈 0.05). The addition of NH4C1 or KNO3 alone significantly reduced the cumulative CO2 fluxes by 9.2%-21.6 % from the two soils, especially from WBF soil at low wetting intensity. The addition of glucose alone significantly increased soil heterotrophic respiration, microbial biomass C (MBC), and microbial metabolic quotient. The glucose-induced cumulative CO2 fluxes and soil MBC during the incubation ranged from 8.7 to 11.7 g CO2-C m-2 and from 7.4 to 23.9 g C m-2, which are larger than the dose of added C. Hence, the addition of external carbon can increase the decomposition of soil native organic C. The glucose-induced average and maximum rates of CO2 fluxes during the incubation were significantly in- fluenced by wetting intensity (WI) and vegetation type (VT), and by WIxVT, NH4ClxVT and WIxVTxNH4C1 (P〈0.05). The addition of NH4C1, instead of KNO3, significantly decreased the glucose-induced MBC of WBF soil (P〈0.05), whereas adding NH4C1 and KNO3 both significantly increased the glucose-induced MBC of BKPF soil at high moisture (P〈0.05). According to the differences in soil labile C pools, MBC and CO2 fluxes in the presence and absence of glucose, it can be concluded that the stimulating effects of glucose on soil heterotrophic respiration and MBC under temperate forests were dependent on vegetation type, soil moisture, and amount and type of the N added. 展开更多
关键词 dissolved organic carbon forest soil GLUCOSE heterotrophic respiration microbial biomass carbon nitrogen supply stimulating effect
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Effects of different external carbon sources and electron acceptors on interactions between denitrification and phosphorus removal in biological nutrient removal processes 被引量:3
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作者 Xiang HU Dominika SOBOTKA +3 位作者 Krzysztof CZERWIONKA Qi ZHOU Li XIE Jacek MAKINIA 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第4期305-316,共12页
The effects of two different external carbon sources (acetate and ethanol) and electron acceptors (dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and nitrite) were investigated under aerobic and anoxic conditions with non-acclimated ... The effects of two different external carbon sources (acetate and ethanol) and electron acceptors (dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and nitrite) were investigated under aerobic and anoxic conditions with non-acclimated process bi- omass from a full-scale biological nutrient removal-activated sludge system. When acetate was added as an external carbon source, phosphate release was observed even in the presence of electron acceptors. The release rates were 1.7, 7.8, and 3.5 mg P/(g MLVSS.h) (MLVSS: mixed liquor volatile suspended solids), respectively, for dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and nitrite. In the case of ethanol, no phosphate release was observed in the presence of electron acceptors. Results of the experiments with nitrite showed that approximately 25 mg NO2-N/L of nitrite inhibited anoxic phosphorus uptake regardless of the concentration of the tested external carbon sources. Furthermore, higher deni- trification rates were obtained with acetate (1.4 and 0.8 mg N/(g MLVSS.h)) compared to ethanol (1.1 and 0.7 mg N/ (g MLVSS.h)) for both anoxic electron acceptors (nitrate and nitrite). 展开更多
关键词 Biological nutrient removal (BNR) Denitriflcation Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) External carbon source Electron acceptor
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