亮起红灯:中国资本外逃

中国资本外逃知多少资本外逃问题近年在中国渐渐浮现。中国改革基金会国民经济研究所最近完成了一项这方面的研究。据该所所长、著名经济学家樊纲披露,从数量来看,资本外逃是个大问题,因为如果把包括合理的资本外流在内的各种各样的资本外逃算起来,数量和中国引进的外商直接投资规模差不多。樊纲指出,中国资本外逃的类型有几种:一种是属于正常的资本流出,但有些不正常的原因,比如私人企业赚了钱就存在国外,它的量相当大。再一种是属于非法所得,包括一些官员。

发展中澳经贸有关问题的探讨

本文综述了中澳两国自1972年正式建立外交关系以来经贸关系个经济技术合作的发展状况，指出在贸易不平衡、中国对澳出口商品结构、关税减让谈判、澳台关系以及澳大利亚产业结构转变等6个方面存在的问题对两国经贸关系的发展不利。本文认为90年代中澳两国之间的贸易范围将进一步拓宽，经济技术合作将进一步加强，资金利用方面的合作将更加顺利，经贸关系将会进一步发展。

Seven Decades of China’s Foreign Trade:Growth and Structural Improvement

Over the past seven decades since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,China has continuously increased its import and export volumes along with improving its trade structure,becoming a major trading nation and making progress toward a trading power.In the 13th Five-Year Plan period(2016-2020),China has experienced acceleration in its foreign trade structural adjustment under its opening-up strategy,and the function of foreign trade has shifted from being a driver for growth to being a way to balance development.China is expected to continue its trade growth momentum and structural improvement and strengthen its trade competitiveness.In achieving this vision,China should make efforts to increase structural equilibrium,create a favorable external trade environment,and pave the way for trade growth and sustainable development.

The impact of foreign trade and FDI on environmental pollution

Over the past 30 years China＇s economy has made tremendous development and going on the road of opening-up is an important aspect of the successful experience, which should be unswervingly adhered to in the further. However, rationally looking at how different the impact of foreign economic activities on China＇s economy and society is economic workers＇ main task. From 1982 to 2006, based on six categories of China＇s environmental indicators, the paper improves the entropy method to calculate the environmental pollution index which can represent China＇s overall environmental situation, uses the VAR model of the impulse response function and variance decomposition method to study the impact of foreign trade, FDI on China＇s environmental pollution in the long-term. The results show that, FDI and import trade is conducive to the improvement of the quality of our environment and export trade is the deterioration of our environment, ＂pollution haven＂ hypothesis is proved in China. Export trade is an important variable that aggravates environmental pollution.

On cross-cultural pragmatic failure in English advertisements translated from Chinese

With the rapid development of globalization, more and more factories and companies in China are keen to put their products onto the international market. Advertising translation is the outcome of this economic trend. This paper tries to analyze cross-cultural pragmatic failure in English advertisements translated from Chinese at lexical and textual levels, and puts forward some suggestions on how to avoid cross-cultural pragmatic failure.

Problems in Cross-border E-commerce Export Trade in China ＆ Countermeasure Analysis

As an emerging industry in China, cross-border e-commerce has enjoyed the leap-forward development, along with increasingly prominent problems. This paper aims at finding out the problems and related roots that hinder its development, through conducting an analysis on the export development of cross-border e-commerce, in order to look for solutions and countermeasures in favor of its sound development and to promote the liberalization development of foreign trade in China.

Empirical Research on Correlation of Foreign Trade and Economic Growth --Taking Shanghai as an Example

Based on the statistical data of Shanghai, the paper makes empirical research on the relationship between foreign trade and economic growth. The research results indicate that there is long-term dynamic and equilibrium relationship between foreign trade and economic growth, and the economic growth is the Granger cause of trade import. Since 1979, rapid growth of economy motivates the expansion of trade import, but the pulling effect of import on economic growth is not evident. In addition, trade import promotes economic growth in the long run. But we can see that from the economic data in Shanghai that the promotion has not become the source motivate force of growth for trade expert.

Sustainable Development of Export: Theoretical Meaning, Evaluation Model, and Empirical Research

With the effect of the human trade doctrine in the international trade field, almost all the countries have paid more attention to the sustainable development of international trade. This article chose the export sustainable development as the research object. On the basis of the analysis of the theoretical connotation of the export sustainable development, this article tried to establish an evaluation indices system and set up an evaluation model of the export sustainable development level, and finally made some empirical research on China. The result indicates that the comprehensive level of the export sustainable development in China showed a tendency to rise from 1985 to 2003 and the export sustainable development level of China in these years can be divided into four grades: excellent, good, moderate and poor. In most years, the social economic benefits of export was obtained at the cost of the deterioration of environment and the depletion of resources, and the economic profit of export did not increase with the enlargement of the export scale because of the deterioration of the terms of trade. Therefore, China should be careful about the problem of poverty accompanied by the increase of export.

Game Analysis of Implementing Price Undertaking Agreements in Anti-dumping Disputes

The Price Undertaking Agreement is one of the strategies a company accused of dumping often adopts in dealing with anti-dumping disputes.Using static game analysis,this paper compares the impact that anti-dumping duties and price undertaking agreements may have on an importing country's social welfare and an accused company's market performance.We conclude that,compared with anti-dumping duties,price undertakings improve the importing country's social welfare and reduce the accused company's market share in the import country.We also note that,in addition to the financial benefit,price undertakings can prevent escalation of trade disputes in international trade negotiations.

Environmental Effects of Foreign Trade and Its Spatial Variations in Mid-eastern Provinces and Cities of China

The studies on environmental effects of foreign trade and its spatial variations are helpful to design and implement environmental protection countermeasures.In order to eliminate the adverse effects of insufficient observation values on the accuracy of regression results and dynamic information quantity of fitting equation during empirical study,panel data of the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China from 1985 to 2007 were selected based on the adjustment of classical regression model in this paper.Panel unit root test and panel cointegration analysis method were applied to investigating the environmental effects of foreign trade and its spatial variations in the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China and its three groups divided by foreign trade dependence.The results show that all scale effects are positive,while all technical effects are negative and unable to counteract positive scale effects.Foreign trade development is regarded as an important cause for outstanding eco-environmental problems in the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China.Total effects and structural effects are significantly different among different groups because of spatial variations in environmental policies,export destinations,source of FDI,etc.Following the principle of′coordinating generality and considering differences comprehensively′,it is essential to issue a series of policies and countermeasures corresponding to differences in regional environmental effect of foreign trade,in order to coordinate the relationship between foreign trade development and eco-environment in each region.

Study on the use of trade barrier of anti-dumping in China

WTO allows its members to use anti-dumping barrier to combat unfair competition. Nowadays, anti-dumping barrier has been dominant protective trade measure in the world, while in China, this measure is still not fully used and at low level. For the purpose of protecting domestic industries and enhancing national welfare, China should use this barrier cautiously and construct its own anti-dumping system at the same time.

Supply chain coordination with CCPP for a short-life-cycle product

Supply chain coordination for short-life-cycle products with price-dependent demand is a focus in present operation management and management science fields. This paper considers the supply chain coordination problem for a single-cycle and two-selling-stage short-life-cycle product. Firstly, the inventory model of whole system is depicted with a stochastic dynamics programming. Then, a new combined contract CCPP （combined contract with pending prices） is developed to coordinate the decentralized system, and its validity for channel coordination is proved. Finally, the analysis on system performances is simulated with some examples.

The influence of the blue trade barrier—— SA8000 to China

The blue trade barrier refers to the standards of the enterprise＇s social responsibility, namely SA8000. At present, many overseas importers request the export enterprise to conform to SA8000. On one hand, it can bring the opportunity to us--to be helpful in the exportation enterprise transforming the economical growth way, be helpful to strengthen the cohesive force in the enterprise. On the other hand, it can also bring challenge-increasing the cost of the export, export declines.

The Analysis of Existing Problems and Countermeasures about China＇s Oversea Purchase

Oversea purchase has got rapid development as a new industry in our country. But its problems are increasingly prominent. This thesis aims at finding the problems and roots which hinder its development by analyzing the development situation of current oversea purchase. In addition, this thesis will look for countermeasures which are beneficial to its healthy development and promote the free development of foreign trade in our country.

Analysis of Foreign Trade Among Slovakia and the Country V4 After the Changeover

The article presents the situation in foreign trade among Slovakia and the country V4 （Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovak Republic） after the changeover in 2009. At a time of economic crisis, Slovakia acceded to the adoption of a common currency--the euro. Prior to the adoption of the euro, apprehensions were raised due to currency decreased export from Slovakia to countries V4. In this article, author analyses the mutual foreign trade of Slovakia with countries of V4 for all commodities in standard international trade classification （SITC） codes. The analysis covers the time before the adoption of the euro from 2004 to 2008 and after the adoption of the euro in the years from 2009 to 2013. It compares the percentage change over the previous year, the balance of foreign trade, and foreign trade turnover. The same analysis is also done for the period prior to the adoption of the euro as a whole and after the adoption of the euro. In the calculations, data from UN Comtrade Database were used, which are indicated in USD. The results indicate that in the transition to the common currency, the euro did not mean for Slovakia worsening trade with V4 countries. Economies of these countries have long been linked and even the possibility of its own monetary policy does not endanger Slovakia＇s export to these countries.

European Sovereign Debt Crisis's Influence and Enlightenment on China

对中国的欧洲主权债务危机从形成到逐步影响中国的各个方面进行详尽分析和探讨,包括对汇率、对外贸易、金融政策等的影响,指出应以欧洲主权债务危机为戒,改进中国地方政府债务的监管体制。

The Latvian Road to the Euro

The article presents the situation in Latvia ahead of the country＇s adoption of the euro by offering an analysis of the extent to which the country is prepared for the move and of general economic difficulties as well as indicating possible threats to its future development. The article talks about difficulties caused by the great unemployment connected with the specific economy of the country, political problems of the post-socialistic multinational country and steps done towards the fulfilling of all the convergence criteria. Its aim is to present the moments around the change of the currency which is done by the material＇s analysis because there are not enough statistical data for the mathematical analysis. It can be concluded that the adoption of the euro will probably be beneficial in the long run for Latvia＇s economy. The conclusions may be done by comparison with the situation of Estonia and its foreign trade with Poland which is shown in the article because there are a lot of similarities between the two Baltic countries.

Foreign Trade and Social Inequity in the Andean Community of Nations CAN

This paper was made using a descriptive analysis of some indicators from the data basis of Economic Commission for Latin America （CEPAL）, CEPAL and answers the question： Have there been enough foreign trade dynamics during the last years （1999-2006） in order to reduce social inequality gaps？ The results here shown correspond to the first stage of a research that relates poverty to countries＇ economic productivity. The article presents foreign trade, economic growth, and social inequality overview in the countries of the Andean Community of Nations during the years 1999-2006. In considering this period, the last international crisis is overlooked, but it takes in account the importance of the Millennium Development Goals set by the UNDP. The analysis of the basic indicators reflects that the dynamics of economic integration and foreign trade do not translate into better social equality and poverty reduction. This paper shows an economic and social contrast obtained from the results by countries of the Andean Community of Nations （CAN） during the years 1999-2006, comprised by Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Venezuela, though the last country is not currently part of CAN. These indicators are exports, imports, relative commercial balance, gross domestic product, gross domestic product per capita, unemployment, GINI index, population, urban development index, and poverty. The paper presents a succinct conceptual framework where the relationship between foreign trade and social inequality is established, from which the description and analysis of the proposed indicators is formulated, permitting the establishing of an apparent practical connection between economic behavior and social results from the CAN countries.

Influences of Border Carbon Adjustments on China's Foreign Trade

The EU, the United States and other economies, with the intention to implement unilateral trade measures Border Carbon Adjustments, impose emission reduction pressure on developing countries. Once implemented, the measures will have great impact on China's foreign trade. Using the input-output table in 2007, this paper had analyzed the influences on China's foreign trade as a whole and sub-sectors in three tax rates scenarios. The results showed that the tariff level of China's exports will increase by 3.6%-6.3% if the tax was levied on exports embodied emissions, and by 1.0%-1.7% if levied on export direct emissions. In 2007, the former total amount of carbon tax was about US$42.6-73.0 billion, 4 times that of the latter. Based on export embodied emissions, sectors largely influenced were non-traditional energy intensive ones, such as textile, et al. These sectors should be encour-aged to carry out industrial upgrading, raising the value-added of export goods, and reducing their embodied emissions by reduction of energy intensity. Taking into account of the complexity of data collection, the tax levied on products direct emission is more operational. The results showed that the five top sectors most affected were other chemical materials, processing of petroleum and nuclear fuel, coking, smelting and rolling of ferrous metal and textile. Most of them were energy intensive sectors. Therefore, adjusting export products structure, and controlling too fast development of energy intensive industries are also important strategies in China.

Trends and Features of China's Inter-Provincial Trade:1987-2007

With today's economic globalization,inter-provincial trade plays an important role in a country's economy.This paper is the first to adopt the input-output tables of 30 Chinese provinces and to summarize the evolution of China's inter-provincial trade from1987 to 2007.This paper reaches the following conclusions.First,China's inter-provincial trade has sustained a period of rapid growth.In 2007,the total volume of inter-provincial trade was twice the amount of international trade,with the eastern region accounting for the majority of the inter-provincial trade volume.GDP may have a greater effect on interprovincial trade than geographic distance does.Second,inter-provincial trade maintains a high level of concentration and overlaps with the high concentration of GDP.Third,the inter-provincial trade dependence of Chinese provinces tends to increase,an indication of the growing domestic market integration.Moreover,the eastern region's dependence on inter-provincial trade is higher than the central and western regions'.Fourth,the share of inter-provincial trade in the overall external trade of Chinese provinces has a declining tendency,which indicates a slower process of China's domestic market integration compared with international market integration.However,in terms of proportion,the external trade of most Chinese provinces is still dominated by inter-provincial trade.Fifth,most provinces with longstanding inter-provincial trade deficits are in the central and western regions.