Alien chromosomes of twelve giant spike wheat germplasm lines were identified by C-banding, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR), and random amplified polymorphic DNA (R...Alien chromosomes of twelve giant spike wheat germplasm lines were identified by C-banding, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR), and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). All lines showed a chromosome number of 2n = 42, five of them carried both a pair of wheat-rye (Triticum aestivum-Secale cereal) 1BL/1RS translocation chromosomes and a pair of Agropyron intermedium (Ai) chromosomes, three carried a pair of Ai chromosomes only, three others carried a pair of 1BL/1RS chromosomes only, and one carried neither 1BL/1BS nor Ai chromosome. Further identification revealed that the identical Ai chromosome in these germplasm lines substituted the chromosome 2D of common wheat (T aestivum L.), designated as 2Ai. The genetic implication and further utilization of 2Ai in wheat improvement were also discussed.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to establish an identification system for drought-resistance in wheat by using near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. [Method] In 2006-2007, 36 wheat varieties with different drou...[Objective] This study aimed to establish an identification system for drought-resistance in wheat by using near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. [Method] In 2006-2007, 36 wheat varieties with different drought resistance were selected and were classified according to their drought resistance grades determined by the Technical Specification of Identification and Evaluation for Drought Resistance in Wheat （GB/T 21127-2007）. In addition, the harvested wheat seed samples were spectrally analyzed with FOSS NIRSystems5000 near-infrared spectrum analyzer for grain quality （full spectrum analyzer） and then the forecasted regression equations were established. [Result] After the establishment of a database and validation, dis- criminated functions were obtained. The determination coefficient （RSQ） and coeffi- cients of determination for cross validation （1-VR） in the discriminant function built with seed samples from water stress area were 0.846 0 and 0.781 8, respectively, which indicated that the consistency between drought resistance and spectral charac- teristics in wheat varieties was good, and there was high correlation between the near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectra of seeds and the drought resistance in wheat. [Conclusiou] Under water stress condition, it is feasible to establish a conve- nient, rapid and no-damage identification system for the drought resistance in wheat by using the near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectrum technique to scan wheat seeds.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to build an evaluation method rapidly identifying wheat drought tolerance with near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. [Method] In the research, 36 wheat varieties in 2007-2009 were cho...[Objective] The aim was to build an evaluation method rapidly identifying wheat drought tolerance with near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. [Method] In the research, 36 wheat varieties in 2007-2009 were chosen and drought-tolerance degrees of wheat were graded and identified according to Winter-wheat Drought Tol- erance Evaluation Technical Standards （GB/T 21127-2007）, and harvest wheat grains underwent spectrum collection, with a full-spectrum analyzer, to establish a database. [Result] Based on qualitative analysis and full-spectrum correlation research, the coef- ficient of determination （RSQ） and cross-validation coefficient of determination （1-VR） were concluded at 0.697 5 and 0.600 2, showing near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is of significant differences among wheat varieties and of significant or extremely significant correlation with drought-tolerance indices. [Conclusion] The re- search indicates that to evaluate drought-tolerance of wheat with near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is a rapid and feasible way, which is simple, convenient without damages on grains, and of practical values for construction wheat drought-tol- erance evaluation index system and identification of breeding materials.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to observe variations of DON content in grain of two wheat cultivars during tempering at different temperatures, and explore the possible causes of the variations. [Method] Two na...[Objective] The aim of this study was to observe variations of DON content in grain of two wheat cultivars during tempering at different temperatures, and explore the possible causes of the variations. [Method] Two naturally Fusarium-infested wheat samples Youmai 3 and Yangmai 14 were selected as experimental materials. Tempering was carried out at different temperature （15, 25 and 35 ℃） for 48 h. During tempering, wheat grain samples were collected every 8 h. DON contents in tempered grain were measured by HPLC coupled with UV detector. [Result] For Youmai 3, DON contents were in the ranges of 3.94-12.49, 4.26-6.11 and 3.41- 7.91 μg/g during tempering at 15, 25 and 35 ℃, respectively. The highest DON contents were observed at the 32^nd hour at 15 ℃, the 8^th hour at 25 ℃ and the 32^rd hour at 35 ℃, respectively. After tempering for 48 h, DON contents in grain were increased by 175.1%, 27.5% and 7.2%, respectively. For Yangmai 14, DON contents were in the ranges of 0.55-1.56, 0.39-0.77 and 0.57-3.17 μg/g during tempering at 15, 25 and 35 ℃, respectively. The highest DON contents were ob- served at the 24^th hour at 15 ℃, the 40^th hour at 25 ℃ and the 48^th hour at 35 ℃, respectively. After tempering for 48 h, DON contents in grain were increased by 94.5% at 15 ℃ and 456.1% at 35 ℃, respectively, whereas it was decreased by 35.0% at 25 ℃. From the point of view of reducing DON level, 15 ℃ was not rea- sonable for the tempering of both wheat cultivars, and tempering at 35 ℃ for 16 h and tempering at 25 ℃ for 24 h appeared to be desirable for Youmai 3 and Yang- mai 14, respectively. [Conclusion] The results suggested controlling the tempering temperature and time would be helpful to reduce DON level in grain.展开更多
The purpose of this research was to study the influence of rust diseases on photosynthetic rate of the created local varieties and introduced variety samples of wheat. Experiment was carried out with two variants-cont...The purpose of this research was to study the influence of rust diseases on photosynthetic rate of the created local varieties and introduced variety samples of wheat. Experiment was carried out with two variants-control and 25% Tilt treatment. The 25% solution of Tilt was used to prevent disease infection. The photosynthetic rate was measured by T-type URAS-2 infrared gas analyzer （made＇ in Germany）. Disease infection rate was determined based on the Cobby balling scale. Ontogenetic and daily rate of photosynthesis by effect of the disease were decreased. The amount of assimilated CO2 during the day and vegetation period linearly depends on the disease infection degree. At the same time, the activation of non-infected parts＇ photosynthetic rate of some varieties was observed. The difference reaches up to 87% between the variants as a result of the rapid aging of photosynthesis apparatus.展开更多
This work is focused on the characterization and rapid analytical determination of cereal flour quality with regard to nutritional and breadmaking quality. Starch, protein and non-starch polysaccharides are the main c...This work is focused on the characterization and rapid analytical determination of cereal flour quality with regard to nutritional and breadmaking quality. Starch, protein and non-starch polysaccharides are the main components of cereals. The content and quality of proteins and content of damaged starch is important because of the technological quality of flours. The high content of high molecular weight proteins is substantial for bread technology especially, while soluble protein fractions and non-starch polysaccharides are important for nutrition. The set of wheat, barley and rye flours and their blends were analyzed and their properties and their qualitative parameters were determined. Principal component analysis （PCA） was used on Fourier transform-infrared （FT-IR） spectra in the 1,200-800 cm1 wavenumber region and significant correlations of various nutritional and breadmaking parameters were observed. Results showed that the FT-IR spectroscopy and PCA can serve for rapid screening and classification of cereal flour quality.展开更多
文摘Alien chromosomes of twelve giant spike wheat germplasm lines were identified by C-banding, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR), and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). All lines showed a chromosome number of 2n = 42, five of them carried both a pair of wheat-rye (Triticum aestivum-Secale cereal) 1BL/1RS translocation chromosomes and a pair of Agropyron intermedium (Ai) chromosomes, three carried a pair of Ai chromosomes only, three others carried a pair of 1BL/1RS chromosomes only, and one carried neither 1BL/1BS nor Ai chromosome. Further identification revealed that the identical Ai chromosome in these germplasm lines substituted the chromosome 2D of common wheat (T aestivum L.), designated as 2Ai. The genetic implication and further utilization of 2Ai in wheat improvement were also discussed.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for the Industrial Technology System Construction of Modern Agriculture in Wheat(CARS-E-2-36)the Special Fund for Henan Industrial Technology System Construction of Modern Agriculture in Wheat(S2010-10-02)National Support Program for Science and Technology(2011BAD35B03)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to establish an identification system for drought-resistance in wheat by using near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. [Method] In 2006-2007, 36 wheat varieties with different drought resistance were selected and were classified according to their drought resistance grades determined by the Technical Specification of Identification and Evaluation for Drought Resistance in Wheat （GB/T 21127-2007）. In addition, the harvested wheat seed samples were spectrally analyzed with FOSS NIRSystems5000 near-infrared spectrum analyzer for grain quality （full spectrum analyzer） and then the forecasted regression equations were established. [Result] After the establishment of a database and validation, dis- criminated functions were obtained. The determination coefficient （RSQ） and coeffi- cients of determination for cross validation （1-VR） in the discriminant function built with seed samples from water stress area were 0.846 0 and 0.781 8, respectively, which indicated that the consistency between drought resistance and spectral charac- teristics in wheat varieties was good, and there was high correlation between the near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectra of seeds and the drought resistance in wheat. [Conclusiou] Under water stress condition, it is feasible to establish a conve- nient, rapid and no-damage identification system for the drought resistance in wheat by using the near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectrum technique to scan wheat seeds.
基金Supported by National Wheat Industry System(CARS-E-2-36)Henan Wheat Industry System(S2010-10-02)National Science and Technology Support Plan(2011BAD35B-03)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to build an evaluation method rapidly identifying wheat drought tolerance with near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. [Method] In the research, 36 wheat varieties in 2007-2009 were chosen and drought-tolerance degrees of wheat were graded and identified according to Winter-wheat Drought Tol- erance Evaluation Technical Standards （GB/T 21127-2007）, and harvest wheat grains underwent spectrum collection, with a full-spectrum analyzer, to establish a database. [Result] Based on qualitative analysis and full-spectrum correlation research, the coef- ficient of determination （RSQ） and cross-validation coefficient of determination （1-VR） were concluded at 0.697 5 and 0.600 2, showing near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is of significant differences among wheat varieties and of significant or extremely significant correlation with drought-tolerance indices. [Conclusion] The re- search indicates that to evaluate drought-tolerance of wheat with near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is a rapid and feasible way, which is simple, convenient without damages on grains, and of practical values for construction wheat drought-tol- erance evaluation index system and identification of breeding materials.
基金Supported by Joint Innovation Fund of Industry-University-Research Institute of Jiangsu Province,China(BY2012208)
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to observe variations of DON content in grain of two wheat cultivars during tempering at different temperatures, and explore the possible causes of the variations. [Method] Two naturally Fusarium-infested wheat samples Youmai 3 and Yangmai 14 were selected as experimental materials. Tempering was carried out at different temperature （15, 25 and 35 ℃） for 48 h. During tempering, wheat grain samples were collected every 8 h. DON contents in tempered grain were measured by HPLC coupled with UV detector. [Result] For Youmai 3, DON contents were in the ranges of 3.94-12.49, 4.26-6.11 and 3.41- 7.91 μg/g during tempering at 15, 25 and 35 ℃, respectively. The highest DON contents were observed at the 32^nd hour at 15 ℃, the 8^th hour at 25 ℃ and the 32^rd hour at 35 ℃, respectively. After tempering for 48 h, DON contents in grain were increased by 175.1%, 27.5% and 7.2%, respectively. For Yangmai 14, DON contents were in the ranges of 0.55-1.56, 0.39-0.77 and 0.57-3.17 μg/g during tempering at 15, 25 and 35 ℃, respectively. The highest DON contents were ob- served at the 24^th hour at 15 ℃, the 40^th hour at 25 ℃ and the 48^th hour at 35 ℃, respectively. After tempering for 48 h, DON contents in grain were increased by 94.5% at 15 ℃ and 456.1% at 35 ℃, respectively, whereas it was decreased by 35.0% at 25 ℃. From the point of view of reducing DON level, 15 ℃ was not rea- sonable for the tempering of both wheat cultivars, and tempering at 35 ℃ for 16 h and tempering at 25 ℃ for 24 h appeared to be desirable for Youmai 3 and Yang- mai 14, respectively. [Conclusion] The results suggested controlling the tempering temperature and time would be helpful to reduce DON level in grain.
文摘The purpose of this research was to study the influence of rust diseases on photosynthetic rate of the created local varieties and introduced variety samples of wheat. Experiment was carried out with two variants-control and 25% Tilt treatment. The 25% solution of Tilt was used to prevent disease infection. The photosynthetic rate was measured by T-type URAS-2 infrared gas analyzer （made＇ in Germany）. Disease infection rate was determined based on the Cobby balling scale. Ontogenetic and daily rate of photosynthesis by effect of the disease were decreased. The amount of assimilated CO2 during the day and vegetation period linearly depends on the disease infection degree. At the same time, the activation of non-infected parts＇ photosynthetic rate of some varieties was observed. The difference reaches up to 87% between the variants as a result of the rapid aging of photosynthesis apparatus.
文摘This work is focused on the characterization and rapid analytical determination of cereal flour quality with regard to nutritional and breadmaking quality. Starch, protein and non-starch polysaccharides are the main components of cereals. The content and quality of proteins and content of damaged starch is important because of the technological quality of flours. The high content of high molecular weight proteins is substantial for bread technology especially, while soluble protein fractions and non-starch polysaccharides are important for nutrition. The set of wheat, barley and rye flours and their blends were analyzed and their properties and their qualitative parameters were determined. Principal component analysis （PCA） was used on Fourier transform-infrared （FT-IR） spectra in the 1,200-800 cm1 wavenumber region and significant correlations of various nutritional and breadmaking parameters were observed. Results showed that the FT-IR spectroscopy and PCA can serve for rapid screening and classification of cereal flour quality.
