把赏识带给外来生

笔者围绕当前学校生源发生变化的状况，对逐年增多的外来生的生存状态给予特别的关注。文章结合具体的案例，从心理的层面分析异地求学的学生群体因为经济、语言文化等差异以及出外的经历所形成的心理特征，提出赏识教育的对策及赏识给外来生带来的积极影响。

农村高中外来生学习动力与家庭功能的关系

文章通过对农村中学高中外来生学习动力和家庭功能关系的调查,探索家庭功能对学习动力的影响。采用"中学生学习动机量表"及"家庭功能评定量表"(FAD),对福建省晋江市英林中学高一高二年段外来生进行问卷调查。结果显示:大部分农村外来生在学习动力上有一定的问题和困扰;农村高中外来男女生在学习动力水平上不同,女生显著高于男生;高学习动力倾向组在沟通与交流、家庭角色、情感反应、情感参与、行为控制上均好于低学习动力倾向组,差异有统计学意义(p<0.001);学习动力水平高低与家庭功能的大部分维度呈正相关;家庭功能中的家庭角色、情感参与两个因素能对高中外来生的学习动力产生影响。可见,家庭功能对学习动力产生影响,家庭角色和情感参与对学习动力高低有预测作用。

外来生自信心提升的校本课程建设——以江苏省苏州工业园区第五中学为例

城市化进程的日益推进使得外来生的数量逐年增长，面对突变的环境和较大的学习压力，外来生会出现自信心缺失的现象，导致一系列问题，因此，提升外来生自信心显得尤为重要。在积极心理学的指导下，学校可以根据不同学情，设立校本心理课程，遵循相关原则，帮助学生正确地认识自我，形成积极的自我暗示，获得更多的社会支持，从而让外来初中生尽快融入新环境，获得更多成功的体验。

外来生的快速融入——情感教育在班主任工作中的运用

随着城市外来打工人口的增多,解决外来生上学问题也逐渐成为城市主要的问题,在这一教育问题直接关乎着未来社会对人才的需要,和国民素质水平的提高,所以解决外来生教育问题是十分重要的,本文对如何让外来生快速融入到新的集体中进行了探讨,并分析了班主任在工作中运用情感教育的重要性。

Analysis on the Epidemic Situation of Intercepted Alien Pests from Imported Hides in Hebei and the Countermeasures during 2013-2014

The situation of intercepted alien pests from imported hides in Hebei during 2013-2014 was systematically analyzed. The results showed that 163 batches of alien pests were intercepted, including 2 batches of quarantine weeds and they both were Italian cocklebur. According to the statistics of original countries, the intercepted hides from 21 countries all had alien pests, in which Australia was the largest number of batches and species of alien pests. The analysis results showed that there was severe risk in the imported hides carrying alien pests, thus to effectively prevent the invasion of alien pests to our country, several quarantine measures should be taken in the future, such as enhancing the quarantine inspection in ports, and promoting the personnel ability of interception and species identification of alien pests.

A Study on Alien Invasive Plants from the Interactive Mechanism between Species Niche and Material/Energy Flow

[Objective]This study was to reveal the essence of mechanism about how the alien invasive plants spread.[Method]Species niche and material/energy flow were used as basic research indicators to analyze the intrinsic mechanism of alien plants invasion.[Result]Most of the invasive plants have not been explicitly defined and their effective control methods not brought forward.[Conclusion]Overrun of alien invasive plants depends on whether the niche of a species could be continuously met at spatial level.Based on this we put forward corresponding control measures,proposed an assumption to establish a cylinder-network model and discussed the definition of alien invasive plants.

Effect of an Alien Species Spartina alterniflora Loisel on Biogeochemical Processes of Intertidal Ecosystem in the Jiangsu Coastal Region,China

Spartina alterniflora Loisel, a species vegetating in intertidal flats along the eastern coast of the United States, was introduced in China almost 30 years ago and has become an urgent topic due to its invasiveness in the coastal zone of China. The impacts of this alien species S. alterniflora on intertidal ecosystem processes in the Jiangsu coastland were investigated by comparing the sediment nutrient availability and trace element concentration characteristics in a mud flat and those of a four-year old Spartina salt marsh that had earlier been a mudflat. At each study site, fifteen plots were sampled in different seasons to determine the sediment characteristics along the tidal flats. The results suggested that Spartina salt marsh sediments had significantly higher total N, available P, and water content, but lower pH and bulk density than mudflat sediments. Sediment salinity, water content, total N, organic C, and available P decreased along a seaward gradient in the Spartina salt marsh and increased with vegetation biomass. Furthermore, the concentrations of trace elements and some metal elements in the sediment were higher under Spartina although these increases were not significant. Also, in the Spartina marsh, some heavy metals were concentrated in the surface layer of the sediment. The Spartina salt marsh in this study was only four years old; therefore, it is suggested that further study of this allen species on a longer time frame in the Jiangsu coastland should be carried out.

The Occurrence of an Exotic Bisexual Artemia Species, Artemia franciscana, in Two Coastal Salterns of Shandong Province, China

The alien halophilous Artemia species, Artemia franciscana, was found in Chengkou Saltern and Yangkou Saltern of Shandong Province, P.R. China. Although the indigenous parthenogenetic Artemia is detectable, the exotic species is dominant in both salterns. The cross-breeding tests between the exotic A. franciscana and 5 bisexual Artemia species were conducted. The results of hybridization and morphological observations on the exotic A. franciscana are briefly presented in this short communication.

Zoospore-derived monoecious gametophytes in Undaria pinnatifida(Phaeophyceae)

The annual life cycle of the brown seaweed Undariapinnatifida （Harvey） Suringer comprises a macroscopic diploid sporophyte stage and a microscopic haploid gametophyte stage. In 2011, an unusual zoospore-derived monoecious gametophyte isolate （designated as line 10-5-3） of U. pinnatifida was observed. To understand this phenomenon, a comprehensive screening of eighty-two previously identified male gametophyte cultures, isolated from three randomly selected cultivars （lines 10, 7, and 5） was performed. Thirty-six of the isolates developed both antheridia and oogonia on the same filamentous fragment in a standard gametogenesis test （SGT： 18℃, 60 umol photons/（m2.s））. Selfing of the monoecious gametophyte or crossing it with a normal male gametophyte both gave rise to morphologically normal sporophytic offspring. However, crossing resulted in a much higher fertilization rate （89.7%）. The hybrid and selfed sporophytic offspring were grown to maturity in flow tanks at an ambient temperature of 10-18℃ over a period of 69 days. Active zoospores were released from both types of mature sporophylls. The majority of these developed into male gametophytes, while 15%-20% developed into the observed monoecious structures on the same filament. Using PCR amplification it was found that all the monoecious gametophyte isolates and the sporophytic offspring resulting from the selfing and crossing lacked the femalelinked microsatellite sequence （a part of the locus Up-AC-2A8, GenBank accession No. AY738602.1）, indicating their male nature. U.pinnatifida is an invasive species in some regions and the implications of the above findings for this species in nature are briefly discussed.

Evaluation of Extracts of Native and Non-Native Plant Species for the Suppression of Cogongrass （Imperata cylindrica L.）

Effects of the extracts of muhly grass （Muhlenbergia capillaries Lam.）, chenopodium （Chenopodium ambrosioides L.） and black walnut （Juglans nigra L.） on the growth of cogongrass （Imperata cylindrica L.） were studied. None purified extracts from these plant species were used to evaluate survival, shoot and root growth of cogongrass. Results of plant species extracts on the production of roots, shoot and rhizomes of cogongrass genets and ramets were determined on a weekly basis. The extracts significantly reduced the growth and survival of cogongrass when compared to the control. Results indicated that for the in vivo studies, chenopodium extracts, black walnut and muhly grass extracts reduced growth, root and shoot biomass of cogongrass by 50 %, 30 % and 41% respectively, compared to control at 8 weeks after planting. These studies indicated plant species with potential for the biological control of cogongrass, an invasive species in the Gulf Coast States.

Uses of Invasive Alien Plant Species in Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary of Bangladesh

An exploratory survey was conducted on the uses and role of invasive alien species(IAS) to local livelihoods in the Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary in the northeastern hilly region of Bangladesh.Vegetation was sampled in 50 quadrates,each 10 m×10 m,and 25 line transects,each 50 m×20 m,through a combination of random and systematic sampling.Group discussions were also arranged with fifty local inhabitants(17 % of the total inhabitants) to learn the various uses of IAS.A total of 17 alien plant species belonging to 10 different families,of which Leguminosae constitutes the highest number(5 species),include tree(53%) followed by herb(12%),shrub(12%) and others(weed,climber and palm).The majority of the identified species were found to be used for fuel,followed by timber production,medicinal or curative uses,fodder,and many others.In addition to providing various forest products,alien tree species planted in forest plantation help provide many vital ecosystem services such as soil amelioration through nitrogen fixation.It is true that the alien species have some negative impacts on local ecosystems,and not all of them are harmful.Therefore,a national programme must be initiated to distinguish the harmful from the harmless species and to identify the uses and impacts of the former and latter.

Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus （Olivier）： Economic Importance, Biology, Biogeography and Integrated Pest Management

The Red Palm Weevil （RPW）, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus （Olivier）, （Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Rhynchophorinae）, is an invasive species that is originated from Southeast Asia. It has.invaded Middle East and several countries of the Mediterranean Basin during the last three decades where it attacks palm trees. During the last three decades, multiple introductions of RPW to the Middle East, Europe and Caribbean （Island of Curacao, Netherland Antilles）, Lebanon and United States of America （Laguna Beach, Orange County, California） （USA） have occurred and the RPW is now a serious pest of many palm species. Duration of all life parameters varies significantly where the entire life cycle takes about 45 to 298 days. Different artificial diets were developed and were tested for mass rearing of RPW. Control of RPW is difficult due to the concealed nature of the life cycle of the pest. Integrated Pest Management （IPM） strategy has been applied successfully to deal with RPW problem. The IPM strategy consists of various preventive and curative methods; those methods were categorized in nine categories in this review. The main objective of this work was to review the existing knowledge on RPW＇s different aspects, with an ultimate aim of revealing the actual situation of the research on RPW.

The Education ＆ Training and the Utilization of Multi-cultural Workforce

The international movement of workers and the inflow/outflow of immigrants are increasing, the term immigrant communities which country in the world is more familiar. Also, the country that accumulated a history of immigration over decades have been promoted while continuously changing the integration policies for immigrants. The immigration into home country such as the married immigrant women, etc. is constantly increasing in South Korea that had a homogeneous culture. While, it is continued to the overseas movement of young people looking for opportunities in foreign rather than domestic. In South Korea, the multi-cultural families are increasing together with the immigration of foreign workers, the marriage immigrants, etc. in accordance with the globalization of capital and labor, and the multi-cultural society is being formed in accordance with the influx of alien culture and various religious. In this paper, it explored the trends and the future outlook for the multi-cultural workforce in these dimensions. Also, in a multi-cultural society, it suggested the implications and the future assignments for the new changes in the education ＆ training and the employment in order to improve the quality of life and to use as the production entities of multi-cultural workforce.

Status, Impact and Management of Certain Alien Plant Pests Proven to Be Invasive to Thailand＇s Ecology

Introduction of foreign plants and animals into Thailand＇s ecology has a long history, some arrived accidentally and others had a purpose. As global commerce increases, the issue of invasive alien species has become more urgent in Thailand. These agents are increasingly seen as a threat not only to biodiversity and ecosystem, but also to economic development and human well-being. They reduce yields of agricultural crops, forests and fisheries, decrease water availability, cause costly land degradation, block transport routes and contribute to the spread of disease. It is clear that since trade will not stop, dangerous alien species need to be controlled and managed and the strategies and control measures are to prevent, eradicate, contain, or effectively control the invaders. Implementation of these measures requires appropriate legislation, regulation and procedures. The impact of some invasive alien pests and their management on the agricultural sector of Thailand are presented.

Mutagenic Effect of Three Invasive Species through Allium Cepa Bioassay

Invasive alien species are a global threat to biodiversity that affects protected areas around the world. The occupation of new environments by these plants is a problem to be solved and it is essential to investigate all the aspects that allow this successful to find solutions to this question, such as its mutagenic effects. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the mutagenic effect of leaves extracts of Acacia mangium Willd, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam and Eriobothrya japonica （Thunb.） Lindl through Allium cepa bioassay. For this, A. cepa seeds were submitted to continuous and discontinuous （acute and chronic） treatments in medium with water （negative control） or four concentration of each extract （1, 5, 10 and 50 mg/mL）. The mitotic index was affected at all concentrations of three extracts tested in all treatments, continuous and discontinuous. Aneugenic effects were not related to any treatment tested. E. japonica extract induced clastogenic effects at 1, 5 and 10 mg/mL in continuous treatment, 5 and 10 mg/mL in acute discontinuous treatment and at 10 mg/mL in chronic discontinuous treatment. Clastogenic effect was also observed at 10 mg/mL ofA. heterophyllus extract in continuous and acute discontinuous treatments.

Mangroves Restoration and Observation in Kaohsiung Jhong-Dou Wetland

The ecosystems of Kaohsiung are rich and diverse. Examples of ecosystems include the tropical rainforest ecology, marine ecology of the coastal forests, and the estuary type ecology of mangrove forests. The Jhong-Dou Wetland Park is situated in the Jhong-Dou Redevelopment Zone, 2.5km from the Lover River Estuary. This area is defined by brackish aquatic environments--a mixture of fresh and salt water, and fulfills the criteria for mangrove restoration. It is expected that the current restoration project will recreate an epitome of the once-diverse, co-existing mangrove species of Kaohsiung＇s past, and improves upon the functions of environmental education. The initial mangrove species planned for restoration are the existing Kandelia obovata, Rhizophora stylosa, Avicennia marina and the Lumnitzera racemosa populations of the Kaohsiung area. These plants will be placed in experimental habitats that correspond to the unique micro-climates required for the growth of each species, and the mangrove-associated plants will also be restored concurrently in the terrestrial environments behind the mangrove forests. The process of restoration will be monitored by academia, as well as providing reference for subsequent mangrove environment restoration efforts. The main purpose of this research in these four mangrove species of this wetland park is to understand their adaptation to the rehabilitating environment, and be able to feedback these information to the design and maintenance team of the park. The research method is to observe and record their growing status, also execute a survey on the nearby mangrove habitation. The observation has started on December 1 st of 2010, and still has been continued carry on since then. From the research result, it shows that the A vicennia marina （Forsk.） Vierh. and Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. are the two species that had been well adapted to this wetland park. It was recommended to the Kaohsiung City Government that the restoration of the extinct Ceriops tagal and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza can be achieved through foreign species exchanges （the species must be identified before introduction）, and that plans for monitoring the flora and fauna in the park should be drafted to record the ecological alterations of the Jhong-Dou Wetlands. This will pronounce the ecological importance of Kaohsiung on a global, geographical scale. Lastly, the Government should draw up plans of mangrove forest maintenance in order to sustain the ecological and landscape recreational functions of the Jhong-Dou Wetland Park.

Animal personality and the ecological impacts of freshwater non-native species

While the ecological impacts of invasive species have been demonstrated for many taxonomic groups, the potential effects of behavioural variation among nonnative individuals （i.e. personality） on these impacts have been largely overlooked. This is despite the fact that recent studies have demonstrated that, by nature, the three first stages of biological invasions （i.e. transport, establishment and spread） can lead to personalitybiased populations. Freshwater ecosystems provide a unique oppor tunity to investigate this issue, notably because the ecological impacts of nonnative species have been extensively documented and because animal personality has been widely studied using freshwater model species. Here, we aim at developing some per spectives on the potential effects of animal personality on the ecological impacts of freshwater nonnative species across levels of biological organizations. At the individual level, personality types have been demonstrated to affect the physiolo gy, metabolism, life history traits and fitness of individuals. We used these effects to discuss how they could subsequently impact invaded popula tions and, in turn, recipient communities. We also discussed how these might translate into changes in the structure of food webs and the functioning of invaded ecosystems. Finally we discussed how these perspectives could interact with the management of invasive species .

Invasion genetics： Lessons from a ubiquitous bird, the house sparrow Passer domesticus

Following an introduction, non-native species are exposed to environments that differ from those found in their native range; further, as these non-native species expand beyond the site of introduction, they must constantly adapt to novel environ- ments. Although introduced species are present across most ecosystems, few species have successfully established themselves on a truly global scale. One such species, the house sparrow Passer domesticus, is now one of the world＇s most broadly distributed vertebrate species and has been introduced to a great part of its current range. To date, work on four continents suggests both ge- netic and phenotypic variation exists between native and introduced ranges. As such, house sparrows represent an excellent op- portunity to study adaptations to novel environments and how these adaptations are derived. The global distribution of this spe- cies and the multiple independent introductions to geographically isolated sites allow researchers to ask questions regarding ge- netic variation and adaptation on a global scale. Here, we summarize the molecular studies of invasive house sparrows from the earliest work using allozymes through more recent work on epigenetics; using these studies, we discuss patterns of dispersal of this species. We then discuss future directions in techniques （e.g. next generation sequencing） and how they will provide new in- sight into questions that are fundamental to invasion biology. Finally, we discuss how continued research on the house sparrow in light of these genetic changes and adaptations will elucidate answers of adaptation, invasion biology, range expansion, and resi- lience in vertebrate systems generally

Invasive Insect Fall Webworm Control in China

Fall webworm is an alien invasive insect pest in China. The control strategies and methods to it for the last two decades in China were briefly reviewed. Because the fall webworm has already adapted to the new habitat in China, some considerable control strategies should be developed. Based on the study of fall webworm in three typical ecological conditions and its special biological characteristic, relative different control strategies and methods were proposed for this invasive pest.

Seed bank dynamics of an invasive alien species, Helianthus annuus L.

Aims The ability to form persistent seed banks is one of the best predictors of species’potential to establish in new ranges.Wild sunflower is native to North America where the formation of persistent seed banks is promoted by disturbance and it plays a key role on the establishment and persistence of native populations.However,the role of the seed banks on the establishment and persistence of invasive populations has not been studied.Here,we evaluated the role of seed bank and disturbance on the establishment and fitness,and seed persistence in the soil in several sunflower biotypes collected in ruderal(wild Helianthus annuus)and agrestal(natural crop–wild hybrid)habitats of Argentina as well as volunteer populations(progeny of commercial cultivars).Methods In a seed-bank experiment,we evaluated emergence,survival to reproduction,survival of emerged seedlings,inflorescences per plant and per plot under disturbed and undisturbed conditions over 2 years;in a seed-burial experiment,we evaluated seed persistence in the soil over four springs(6,18,30 and 42 months).Important Findings Overall,seedling emergence was early in the growing season(during winter),and it was promoted by disturbance,especially in the first year.Despite this,the number of inflorescences per plot was similar under both conditions,especially in ruderals.In the second year,emergence from the seed bank was much lower,but the survival rate was higher.In the seed-burial experiment,genetic differences were observed but seeds of ruderals and agrestals persisted up to 42 months while seeds of the volunteer did not persist longer than 6 months.The agrestal biotype showed an intermediate behavior between ruderals and volunteers in both experiments.Our findings showed that wild and crop–wild sunflower can form persistent seed banks outside its native range and that disturbance may facilitate its establishment in new areas.