福建平海湾外湾表层沉积物粒度特征及冲淤变化

通过对平海湾外湾106个表层沉积物样品的粒度分析,阐述了平海湾外湾表层沉积物的物质组成和粒度参数分布特征.利用沉积物粒径趋势模型初步探讨了平海湾外湾的沉积物输运趋势,结合新老海图对比,分析了该海域的冲淤变化特征,并结合平海湾发展规划选取代表站位来分析计算潮流和波浪对海底沉积物的冲刷.结果表明,研究海域表层沉积物可分为5种类型,主要为粘土质粉砂,随着水深的增加,沉积物呈逐渐变细的趋势.沉积物的平均粒径(Mz)、分选系数(σi)、偏态(S_(ki))及峰态(K_g)的分布与研究区海域沉积环境和水动力条件等相对应.粒径趋势分析显示研究区表层沉积物的输运趋势主要为NW向和SE向.对比不同年代海图及观测资料表明,研究海域呈弱淤积状态;经过分析计算,研究区海底沉积物不是受到潮流而是波浪的冲刷.

广西钦州湾外湾表层沉积硅藻分布特征

本文对钦州湾外湾54个表层沉积物中硅藻进行分析,鉴定出硅藻153种,分属50属。其中Thalassionema nitzschioides是本区域内最为丰富的硅藻种类。对应分析结果表明,钦州湾表层沉积硅藻分布主要受到海水盐度的影响,其中淡水硅藻Achnanthes delicatula、A.hauckiana、A.levanderi和Cocconeis disculus可以作为低盐度海水环境的指示种,半咸水种Cyclotella striata/C.stylorum、Paralia sulcata与海洋中硅藻Thalassionema frauenfeldii、T.nitzschioides则可以很好的指示高盐度环境。钦州湾外湾54个表层沉积站位可划分为3个硅藻分布区,分别对应高低不同的海水盐度,与实际站位地理分布基本一致。

湾外底层水域网箱养殖浮式自动投饵系统设计与初步试验

近年来,随着国内外各种大型养殖设施的建造,养殖业开启了进军深远海、拓展湾外海域养殖空间的序幕。为响应潮流和趋势,推动养殖业转型升级,笔者所在研究团队正在研制适应湾外底层水域的大型升降式刚性网箱,同时开发与之相配套的浮式自动投饵系统,以解决该网箱饲料投喂管理等问题。该系统利用内置蓄电池组提供能量来源,通过内置PLC控制程序,离岸式自动实现定时、定点、定量投喂饵料等一系列精确的动作。目前已完成该系统的小型化样机研制并进行初步试验,储料仓总容积为0.23 m^(3),储料总量为164 kg,4个独立控制的储料仓可实现分时段投喂,投饵能力平均约为66.09 kg·min^(-1)(仓门开口尺寸:90 mm×100 mm)。通过初步试验,表明所研制的浮式自动投饵系统基本达到设计要求,具有结构简单、适应恶劣海况性能强、操作便捷、投饵动作精确、故障率低、运行稳定等优点。

湾外海域底层延绳养鲍设施设计与初步试验

福建省数十年大规模、高密度、无序化的鲍养殖,导致养殖海区水质、底质老化,水体环境破坏严重,致使鲍养殖成活率由90%以上急剧下降到50%左右,严重影响鲍养殖业的经济效益及其产业发展。湾外海域具有水质优良、水体交换率高、自净能力强、水域广阔等特点,适合于鲍养殖。但湾外水域缺乏天然屏障,自然环境恶劣,现有的养鲍养殖设施难以满足湾外海域安全生产。为此,笔者团队设计一套适用于湾外海域具有躲避台风破坏能力的养鲍系统——湾外底层延绳养鲍系统,并开展了初步试验。该系统包含底层延绳设施与机械化作业设备两大部分,本文报道底层延绳设施部分的设计与初步试验。结果表明底层延绳设施可进行机械化起笼机作业,初步具备躲避台风破坏的能力,设计方案较为合理。

湾外海域不同结构鲍匍匐基初步对比试验

2016年3月6日—5月3日,在福建省漳浦县霞美镇浮头湾外海域进行三种不同结构鲍匍匐基养殖对比试验。三种鲍匍匐基分别为扣箱式(有效匍匐面积1.072 8 m2)、双层斜板式(有效匍匐面积1.993 5 m2)和传统养殖盆(有效匍匐面积0.413 3 m2),试验对象为皱纹盘鲍杂交鲍(Haliotis discus hanai)。试验结果如下:1)扣箱式鲍壳长日增长为0.131mm,日增重为0.129 g,存活率为98.44%,饲料转化率为3.38%;2)双层斜板式鲍壳长日增长为0.098 mm,日增重为0.096 g,存活率为99.38%,饲料转化率为4.29%;3)传统养殖盆式鲍壳长日增长为0.115 mm,日增重为0.103 g,存活率为98.00%,饲料转化率为5.37%。试验设施未受到湾外海况影响破坏。结果表明扣箱式鲍匍匐基整体性能较好,基于该匍匐基的鲍养殖网箱在经济型吊杆辅助作业下具有养殖效率高、抗风浪流性好、劳动强度低、所需劳动力少等优点,适合应用于湾外养殖。

胶州湾湾口垂直断面余流分析初探

以走航ADCP(声学多普勒海流剖面仪)在胶州湾外湾口——南起薛家岛北至团岛,对春、秋两季的大、小潮连续一日观测资料,进行垂直断面余流分析。指出湾口春、秋两季的大、小潮一日平均余流,呈现北进南出,北进余流大于南出余流,余流在湾口中间偏北地区转流,上层余流大于下层余流,大潮余流大于小潮余流,秋季余流大于春季余流。

钦州湾水质自动监测的周年变化特征

【目的】研究钦州湾(茅尾海和钦州湾外湾)周年水质变化特征,探讨海湾水质经常性超标的原因。【方法】利用2012年在线自动监测数据,分析海域水温、盐度、pH值、溶解氧以及叶绿素的周年日、季变化。【结果】两个海区盐度、pH值、溶解氧均呈现一、四季度高,二、三季度低的特征,其中最高值出现在第一季度,最低值出现在第三季度。茅尾海叶绿素最高值出现在第三季度,而钦州湾外湾出现在第一季度。茅尾海和钦州湾外湾水质超标主要为pH值,超标天数分别为243d和42d。【结论】茅尾海和钦州湾外湾受河流影响明显,pH值经常性超标,主要原因是采用海水标准评价,建议尽快确定河口区范围、制定河口水质评价方法和标准,以对主要河口区水质进行合理评价和管理。

What Influences Cooperative Motivation of Foreign Brides From Southeast Asian Countries in Taiwan？

Because women in Taiwan have had more and more opportunities to receive higher education and engage in different kinds of work, they have had developed increasingly higher standards for their marriage partners. Men who are in the lower socioeconomic working classes such as those who work in agriculture, or fishing, or who are disabled can no longer compete in local marriage market. As a result, these men have begun to look for their brides from other countries to continue the family line, do the housework, and take care of their parents-in-law. In addition to the fact that these foreign brides are often young and from rural areas, language barriers and cultural differences make it difficult for them to raise and educate their children in Taiwan. The inability of these brides often leads to a higher percentage of children who are developmentally delayed, have poor pronunciation, behavior problems, and low academic achievement. Governmental agencies and schools recognize these issues and have tried to help foreign-born mothers take better care of their children. However, there are several influential factors that can limit the cooperative motivation of these foreign-born mothers, including language barriers, parenting stresses, low socioeconomic status, and cultural limitations. Therefore, governmental agencies and related professionals must take these factors into consideration to provide comprehensive services and a better learning environment.

Dynamic Target Costing （TC） in Real Estate Development Industry in Taiwan

This paper discusses whether target costing （TC） is affected by the impacts of external circumstances and appears dynamic in real estate development industry. A case study was conducted and combined with literature reviews to test this proposition. The results of this paper show that the formula appears dynamic on the impacts of economic depression/recession, inflation, and change of governmental policy to assist the firms in the achievement of planned profits. TC, as a strategic profit management system in the industry, exhibits brisk utilization in a dynamic formula with more of a focus on value added to maintain fixed profits. It is different from the focus on cost reduction by a static formula in previous literatures.

Reflections on the Mechanism of Cooperation between China and Arab States

During the Cold War,China’s diplomacy failed to treat the Arab states as a whole.It was not until the end of the Cold War that China established diplomatic relations with all 22 Arab states.Since then,a multilateral cooperation mechanism between China and Arab states has come into existence and become steadily developed.In 2004,the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum was established.In 2010,China and the Arab states announced the establishment of a strategic cooperative relationship.After the Gulf War,the Arab world entered a period of fragmentation and division.The situation deteriorated after the drastic changes in the Middle East in 2011,to the point of entering an era of granulation.The ability of The League of Arab States to operate as a single international actor has been greatly impaired.In the era of the fragmentation of the Arab world,the mechanism of multilateral cooperation between China and the Arab States has developed in spite of these great difficulties.In future,the role and function of the multilateral mechanism of cooperation between China and the Arab states needs to be clarified,and efficiency needs to be improved based on the existing mechanisms.

The Use of Children＇s Literature With University English as a Foreign Language Learners in Taiwan

This paper reports findings from a longitudinal qualitative study that investigated the use of children＇s literature for Taiwan Residents University English as a Foreign Language （EFL） students＇ reading. During the course of their sophomore year, 17 students participated and each student held two to seven individual reading sessions, to which they brought a self-selected children＇s picture storybook or children＇s novel they had finished reading on their own and orally read it to the researcher. Their oral reading and the discussion of each book with the researcher were audio recorded. To gain insight into the reading progress, these oral data were categorized and analyzed in terms of mispronunciation patterns, misunderstanding of vocabulary, misinterpretation of sentence or passage, and researcher＇s guidance. General findings of the 17 participants were presented in three categories： （1） vocabulary acquisition, （2） common comprehension problems, and （3） common pronunciation problems. Further analysis of two motivated students who read five to seven books revealed that （1） these two EFL learners gradually developed conscious awareness of their own pronunciation and comprehension errors and （2） they progressively acquired better competence to apply the pronunciation tips and reading comprehension techniques provided by the researcher during previous sessions. These findings and corresponding implications are discussed and further research suggestions are made.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A BALANCED READING INSTRUCTION IN TAIWAN

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of the balanced reading program on the elementary school students in Taiwan. The participants were 36 fifth graders in Taiwan. The researchers chose suitable picture books as teaching materials and made use of them to design a balanced reading program. The program combines the ideas of whole language and phonics rules. Whole-part-whole structure was used in the teaching process. The teaching of the balanced reading program lasted for nine weeks. The questionnaire of learning feedbacks, the questionnaire of reading activities, the teacher's journal, interviews with teachers and students were used to gather data. Six facts were found after the analysis of the data: (1) Among the picture books, 'Seven Blind Mice' and 'Snow' were chosen by the students as their favorite. (2) Most students liked the reading activities for this semester. (3) The students made progress in reading ability and reading techniques. (4) The frequency of the students' reading English storybooks increased. (5) Most students were willing to read English storybooks after the program. (6) The table of self-evaluation didn't work well. Some suggestions have been provided according to the findings.