煤作燃料的外热法炼镁述评

本文扼要地介绍了煤作燃料的外热法炼镁工业试验情况,阐述了主要工艺特点,并与煤气作燃料的外热法作了技术经济分析比较。煤作燃料的外热法炼镁认为是有一定特色的生产流程。

红外热像法在建筑外立面石材粘结质量的检测应用

用于建筑外立面湿法作业的石材,随着建筑使用年限的增长,出现破损或脱落现象,存在一定的安全隐患。结合具体工程实例,详细阐述使用红外热像法对建筑湿作业法石材空鼓的检测内容和方法,并采用原始敲击法对检测结果进行验证,提出提高空鼓检测正确率的初步改善意见。

炉外铝热法从废铌酸锂晶体制取铌铁合金

简要介绍了以废铌酸锂晶体作原料,采用炉外铝热法生产铌铁。对充分利用我国铌的再生资源有一定的参考意义。

基于热技术的活立木液流测量方法综述

比较不同研究目标和实验条件下适用的基于热技术的树干液流测量方法,展望不同热技术方法在液流测定中的应用前景,为活立木液流测量的方法选择提供参考。目前常用的基于热技术的液流检测方法包括热脉冲法、热平衡法、热扩散法、热场变形法和外热比法等5种。其中,热脉冲法通过测定热脉冲到达热电偶处所需的时间来计算液流速率,热平衡法通过加热元件输入的热量、热传导以及液流携带热量之间的能量平衡关系计算液流。而热扩散法、热场变形法和外热比法则是利用温度差值来表征树液流动产生的热场变化,进而确定液流速率和液流密度。近年来,结合相关热技术原理对已有热技术方法进行了改进,热平衡法、热场变形法和外热比法的测定精度有所提高。但热场变形法的测定过程较为复杂,外热比法的外部量规配置尚待探讨,应用并不广泛。热扩散法和热脉冲法虽然已经具备较成熟的商品化产品,但测定精度仍存在问题。液流速率的检测精度直接影响研究结果的准确性。在测定液流速率时,需依据不同条件选择适合的方法,从而有效提高液流速率的测定精度。

Fatigue behavior of AZ31B magnesium alloy electron beam welded joint based on infrared thermography

Fatigue behavior of AZ31B magnesium alloy electron beam welded joint undergoing cyclic loading was investigated by infrared thermography. Temperature evolution throughout a fatigue process was presented and the mechanism of heat generationwas discussed. Fatigue limit of the welded joint was predicted and the fatigue damage was also assessed based ontheevolution of the temperatureand hotspot zone on the specimen surfaceduring fatigue tests. The presented results show that infrared thermography can not onlyquicklypredict the fatigue behavior of the welded joint, but also qualitatively identify the evolution of fatigue damage in real time. It is found that the predicted fatigue limit agrees well with the conventionalS-Nexperimental results. The evolution of the temperatureand hotspot zone on the specimen surface can be an effectivefatigue damage indicatorfor effectiveevaluationof magnesium alloy electron beam welded joint.

湘西麻园洞炼镁用白云岩矿及其开发利用

麻园洞炼镁用白云岩矿，产于上寒武统追屯组。矿层稳定，性能良好，经以硅铁作还原剂，采用横罐外热法炼镁试验结果，完全符合冶炼金属镁的要求。湘西镁厂生产的金属镁产品质量达到一级品标准。为进一步扩大再生产，拓宽市场领域，拟扩大金属镁生产和新建镁合金生产线，以实现规模效益和提高金属镁产品附加值。

Thermal-mechanical response of microscale functional film for infrared window

Infrared window in hypersonic missile usually suffers complex aerodynamic force/heat during high-speed flight.A finite element method was adopted to simulate the thermal and stress response of microscale functional film for infrared window under different aerodynamic heats/forces conditions.Temperature and stress distribution were obtained with different heat fluxes.There is almost constant stress distribution along the film thickness except a sudden decrease near the substrate.The maximum stresses are located at the points which are 0.3 mm away from the edges.Different film materials result in different stress values.The temperature and stress in ZrN are larger than those in Y2O3.Besides the numerical simulation,an oxygen propane flame jet impingement test was performed to investigate thermal shock failure of the infrared window.Some place of the window surface has spots damage and some place has line crack damage after thermal shock.

Effect of a Novel Nucleating Agent on Isothermal Crystallization of Poly（L-lactic acid）

The effect of a novel active nucleating agent(TBC8-eb) on the isothermal crystallization of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) . The analysis on kinetics demonstrates that TBC8-eb can not only accelerate the crystallization rate but also transform most of the original spherulite crystals of PLLA into sheaf-like crystals. Furthermore,the free energy of folding(σe) of PLLA and PLLA with TBC8-eb is 0.15 and 0.06 J·m-2,respectively,which suggests that the addition of TBC8-eb favors the regular folding of molecule chains in the crystallization of PLLA,improv-ing its crystallization rate. The FTIR results show that TBC8-eb can accelerate the conformational ordering of PLLA in the isothermal crystallization. The conformational ordering of PLLA nucleated with TBC8-eb begins with the interchain interaction of CH3,and then a short helix emerges where a couple of CH3 groups interact.

Solubilities of 1-Methyl-3-（3-sulfopropyl）-imidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate in Selected Solvents

Ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl) -imidazolium hydrogen sulfate([C3SO3HMIM][HSO4]) was synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy(IR) ,nuclear magnetic resonance(1H and 13C NMR) and ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis) spectra. Its thermal stability was also examined by thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and a differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) . The mole fraction solubilities of [C3SO3HMIM][HSO4]) in 12 selected solvents(n-pentane,n-hexane,n-heptane,benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,acetone,2-butanone,3-methyl-2-butanone,tetrahydrofuran,ethyl acetate and dichloromethane) in the temperature range from 289.15 to 363.15 K were meas-ured using a static analytical method and correlated with an empirical equation.

A Numerical Method on Inverse Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficient Based on Thermographic Temperature Measurement

The heat transfer coefficient in a multidimensional heat conduction problem is obtained from the solution of the inverse heat conduction problem based on the thermographic temperature measurement. The modified one-dimensional correction method （MODCM）, along with the finite volume method, is employed for both two- and three-dimensional inverse problems. A series of numerical experiments are conducted in order to verify the effectiveness of the method. In addition, the effect of the temperature measurement error, the ending criterion of the iteration, etc. on the result of the inverse problem is investigated. It is proved that the method is a simple, stable and accurate one that can solve successfully the inverse heat conduction problem.

An overview of the thermography-based experimental studies on roadway excavation in stratified rock masses at CUMTB

This paper presents an overview of experimental investigations conducted at China University of Mining and Technology Beijing(CUMTB) on roadway excavation using large-scale geomechanical model tests.The simulated sedimentary rocks are composed by alternating layers of sandstone, mudstone and coal seam inclined at varied angles with respect to the horizontal including 0°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. During the excavation, infrared thermography was employed to detect the thermal response of the surrounding rocks under excavation. The obtained raw thermograms were processed using denoising algorithm, data reduction procedure and Fourier analysis. The infrared temperature(IRT) characterizes the overall rock response; the processed thermal images represent the structural behavior, and the Fourier spectrum describes damage development in the frequency domain. Deeper understanding was achieved by the comparative analyses of excavation in differently inclined rock masses using the image features of IRTs, thermal images and Fourier spectra.

Investigation on specific heat capacity and thermal behavior of sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate

The thermal decomposition process was studied by the TG–DTA analyzer. The results show that the decomposition process of sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate consisted of three stages: the mass loss for the first, the second and third stages may be about the groups of CH_3CH_2OH, CH_3CHO and SO_2 volatilized, respectively. The decomposition residuum of three stages was analyzed by FT-IR, and the results of FT-IR agreed with the decomposition process predicted by theoretical weight loss. The specific heat capacity of sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate was determined by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The melting temperature and melting enthalpy were obtained to be 465.41 K and 25.69 kJ·mol^(-1), respectively. The molar specific heat capacity of sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate was determinated from 310.15 K to 365.15 K and expressed as a function of temperature.

Improving wavelet reconstruction algorithm to achieve comprehensive application of thermal infrared remote sensing data from TM and MODIS

According to the data characteristics of Landsat thematic mapper （TM） and MODIS, a new fu sion algorithm about thermal infrared data has been proposed in the article based on improving wave let reconstruction. Under the domain of neighborhood wavelet reconstruction, data of TM and MO DIS are divided into three layers using wavelet decomposition. The texture information of TM data is retained by fusing highfrequency information. The neighborhood correction coefficient method （NC CM） is set up based on the search neighborhood of a certain size to fuse lowfrequency information. Thermal infrared value of MODIS data is reduced to the space value of TM data by applying NCCM. The data with high spectrum, high spatial and high temporal resolution, are obtained through the al gorithm in the paper. Verification results show that the texture information of TM data and high spec tral information of MODIS data could be preserved well by the fusion algorithm. This article could provide technical support for high precision and fast extraction of the surface environment parame ters.

磷矿中有机质的测定

磷矿中含有的有机质影响着磷矿的生产和利用,准确测定磷矿中有机质含量具有重要意义。本文采用高温外热重铬酸钾氧化-容量法测定磷矿中有机质,结果表明,该方法具有简单、快速、重现性好等优点。

Structure-Property Relations in xWO3-0.31P2O5-0.31B2O3-（0.38-x）Cs2O （0.01 ≤ x ≤0.28） Glasses by IR, UV and EPR Spectroscopic Studies

Glasses in the series of xWO3-0.31P2O5-0.31B2O3-（0.38-x）Cs2O （0.01 ≤ x ≤0.28） （G1-G4： x= 0.01, 0.1, 0.19, 0.28） were prepared by sol-gel method. Glassy phase in the samples were ascertained by powder X-ray diffraction pattern. Differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） traces of the samples show glass transition temperature Tg, in the range 247-253 ℃. IR spectra at 300 K of G1-G4 show the presence of [WO6], [WO4], [PO4]^3-, [PO3]^2-, [BO4]^＋, [BO3] units in the glass matrix. Observed electron paramagnetic resonance （EPR） lineshapes show two signals with very different intensities which are associated with W^5＋ （5d^1） and Mo^5＋ （4d^1） （impurity） paramagnetic sites. Signal with values ofg factors in the range 1.68 〈 g⊥ 〈 1.72 and 1.58 〈 gⅡ 〈 1.62 are due to W^5＋ ions present in axially distorted octahedral symmetry. The optical absorption spectra show that the W^5＋ ions have pyramidal coordination, involving a tungstyl ion WO^3＋ （C4v symmetry）. EPR and optical studies suggest the existence of blocks of octahedra linked by tungsten clusters.

Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic Resin Made from Chitosan and Cerium

In this study, the water-based ferromagnetic fluid and magnetic resin made from chitosan and cerium complex （MRCCC） were successfully prepared by using the chemical co-precipitation technique and by the reversed-phase suspension cross-linking polymerization. MRCCC presented uniform and narrow panicle size distribution as determined by the Laser Panicles Sizer. The Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry （ICP-AES）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） study demonstrated that there were iron and cerium existing in MRCCC. The movement of MRCCC under magnetic field proved its magnetic property. The swelling kinetics in water or solutions with different pH indicated that MRCCC could be applied in solutions with pH greater than 1.0. The ferromagnetic fluid particles were stable in MRCCC soaked in solutions with pH 〉2.0. In view of these results, MRCCC can be used as material for separation, clarification, adsorption, sustained release and hydrolysis activity.

Numerical Optimization of Cooling Process of the Gas Turbine Blade

The paper presents a scheme of optimization of the cooling process of the gas turbine blade. As an optimization criterion has been taken into account on the outer surface temperature of the blade. Inverse problem is solved for stationary heat conduction in which beside the optimization criterion of the heat transfer coefficient on the outer surface of the blade the temperature distribution is known, and the values sought are the heat transfer coefficients and surface temperature of the cooling channels. This problem was solved by the boundary element method using SVD algorithm and Tikhonov regularization. The temperature and heat transfer coefficient of cooling channels obtained from the inverse problem was oscillating in nature. This solution is nonphysical, so the heat transfer coefficients on the surface of cooling channels were averaged. Then the problem was solved simply with averaged coefficients of heat transfer on the surface of the cooling channels and the known distribution on the outer surface of blade. The temperature distribution obtained from the solution of direct problem with averaged values of heat transfer coefficient was compared with the criterion of optimization.The calculation results obtained using the SVD algorithm gave the temperature distribution on the external wall of the blade closer to the criterion of optimization.

Preliminary observation on effect of cupping on the skin surface temperature of patients with back pain

Objective To preliminarily observe the effects of cupping on localized skin temperature of patients with back pain.Methods A total of 43 patients with back pain were included in this study.They were treated with medium-sized cups with a volume of 260 mL The randomly selected Xinshu（心俞 BL 15）on one side（37 cases） was given cupping treatment while that on the other side as the control.And Shenshu（肾俞 BL 23）（6 cases） was treated in the same way.The thermal infrared imager was used to record the changes in localized skin temperature before and after cupping（for 10 minutes）,and then comparison was made with that of the control side.Results After cupping,the localized skin temperature fell and then rose.When the cup was removed after retaining for 10 minutes,the localized skin temperature was（0.4±0.9） ℃（P=0.004） lower than that before cupping;10 minutes after cupping off,the localized skin temperature was（0.4±1.1） ℃（P=0.016） higher than that before cupping while（0.8±0.9） ℃ higher than that when cupping off.The skin surface temperature on the control side declined steadily.Conclusion After cupping treatment,the localized skin temperature fell and then rose while that of the control side declined steadily.It might be related to therapeutic effects.

Infrared thermography display of cortical temperature in cats

OBJECTIVE: To use infrared thermography to take cat cerebral cortical temperature in order to visualize the temperature of its entire cerebral cortex as an image. METHODS: After performing craniotomy for exposure of cerebral hemispheres in 52 cats, their cortical temperatures were displayed and analyzed by computerized infrared thermovision. RESULTS: The temperature distribution of the cerebral cortex was uneven, with a maximum difference of 2.3 degrees C among different cortical areas. The temperature in the cortical anterior-inferior area (including the Ant. Ectosylvian, the lower section of Mid. Ectosylvian and the Ant. Sylvian) was higher compared to the temperature in the posterior-super-parts (Post. Suprasylvian, Mid. Suprasylvian, Post. Lateral and Ant. Lateral). Locations with higher or lower temperatures showed little change within three days after craniotomy, and the cortical temperature held steady. CONCLUSION: The use of cortical infrared thermo-images for display of cat cortical temperature is possible and has many advantages over traditional methods. This new neuroimaging method has a practical value in neurological research.