外生驱动互联网消费增长的微观空间计量研究

文章从外生驱动视角探讨中国互联网消费的全域增长问题,试图通过理论探讨与实证分析挖掘微观社会互动促进互联网外生消费的机理与手段。文章利用数字内容产品在线消费的省域数据,使用空间面板固定效应模型识别互联网环境中促进外生消费增长的外溢与滞后因素,分析了中国文化与地理空间的社会互动对互联网外生消费增长的影响,为中国互联网消费的全域内生增长探索新的规律与方式。研究发现互联网消费空间中存在着地理临近性与文化相似性。这不仅是一次理论研究,其规律将帮助政府与企业理性认识互联网消费的空间传染方式,指导制定最佳的网络经济发展战略。

Bio-solubilization of Chinese lignite II:protein adsorption onto the lignite surface

Lignite bio-solubilization is a promising technology for converting solid lignite into oil.This study concerns the adsorption of lignite-solubilizing enzymes onto the lignite surface.Adsorption capacity, infrared spectral analysis and driving forces analysis are studied as a way to help understand the bio-solubilization mechanism.The results show that the amount of lignite bio-solubilization is proportional to the amount of adsorbed lignite-solubilizing enzymes.An increase in lignite-solubilizing enzyme adsorption of 10% leads to a 7% increase in lignite bio-solubilization.However, limited amounts of enzymes can be adsorbed by the lignite, thus resulting in low percentages of bio-solubilization.Infrared spectral analysis shows that side chains, such as hy-droxyl and carbonyl, of the lignite structure are the main, and necessary, structures where lignite-solubilizing enzymes attachto the lignite.Furthermore, driving force analysis indicates that the electrostatic force between lignite and enzymes is the main adsorption mechanism.The forces are influenced by solution pH levels, the zeta potential of the lignite and the isoelectric points of the en-zymes.

地方法治扩散的原理与限度

地方法治扩散是一种发生在不同地区或部门间的法治试验成果方面的空间传播与转移,具有扩散主体的多元性、扩散对象的多样性、扩散形式的制度性、扩散前景的不确定性等多重特征。不同于地方法治竞争所具有的"内生驱动逻辑",地方法治扩散的动力来源于中央政府,是一种具有"外生驱动型逻辑"的政策扩散类型。根据中央政府的不同驱动程度,地方法治扩散大体上可被分为层级压力型扩散、样板复制型扩散和典型辐射型扩散三种不同的实践样态,表现出政治动员、文件制度、典型塑造等多重属性。地方法治扩散在实践中容易产生扩散效果不确定、象征性采纳行为大量存在、扩散机制的非法治化运行、扩散过程中的社会缺位等诸多缺陷,需要通过建立法治扩散效果的跨区域评估机制、加强中央和地方的立法供给、构建新型实践样态等方式来加以克服和改进,最终实现地方法治扩散在发展过程中的调适性修正。