The effect of NaCI and proline on somatic embryos formation and germination of date palm （Phoenix dactylifera L.） cv. Barhee was studied. Quarters of shoot tips were cultured on MS solid growth media supplied with d...The effect of NaCI and proline on somatic embryos formation and germination of date palm （Phoenix dactylifera L.） cv. Barhee was studied. Quarters of shoot tips were cultured on MS solid growth media supplied with different concentrations of salt （NaCI） （0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 3%, respectively） and proline （25, 50 and 75 mg L1） either individually or in combination. Results showed that the addition of NaC1 （starting at 1%） caused a significant increase in the cylindrical embryos formation time, while their lengths and fresh weights were decreased at salt concentrations （0.5% and 2%）. No significant effect was noticed on the formation time by using proline except at concentration of 25 mg L^-1 which caused an increase in their lengths and fresh weights. The interaction between all salt concentrations and proline （25 mg LL） caused a significant increase in the formation time as well as in their lengths and fresh weights. The addition of NaC1 to the media caused a significant effect on the germination time and a reduction on the percentages of somatic embryo germination starting at 2% and the following ones. A reduction in the lengths of radicals and the plumules of the formed embryos was noticed at 1.5% NaCI. Proline addition reduced the initial time and increased the germination percentages as well as the lengths of radicals and plumules. The interaction between salt and proline treatments caused a significant reduction in the initiation time and an increase in the germination percentages and lengths of radicals and plumules.展开更多
Cherry regeneration via somatic embryogenesis is a powerful tool to breeding. In this way, the embryogenic capacity of Prunus incisa specie has been tested from leaves under different interactions of picloram concentr...Cherry regeneration via somatic embryogenesis is a powerful tool to breeding. In this way, the embryogenic capacity of Prunus incisa specie has been tested from leaves under different interactions of picloram concentrations and darkness exposures. Induction culture was achieved on MS medium supplemented with picloram concentrations at 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg.L1 and submitted to 10, 20, 30 and 40 days of darkness. The best rate of embryogenic leaves was obtained with the interaction of 30 days darkness exposure＊ 1 mg.L^-1 picloram. According to their age, leaves were differently reacted to somatic embryogenesis; indeed, the 2nd expanded leaf from the apex was the most embryogenic one. Concerning the effect of additional auxin to picloram （1 mg·L^-1）, IAA at 0.1 mg·L^-1 and IBA at 0.1 mg·L^-1 gave significantly higher induction rates than all other concentrations, but regenerating somatic embryos showed some teratological abnormalities probably due to seconda;y embryogenesis. At the opposite, NAA at 0.5 mg·L^-1 didn＇t improve embryogenic rate but affected positively embryo development. Furthermore, embryogenesis preferentially took place on the basal part of leaf. Satisfactory rates of somatic embryogenesis are obtained but further improvement remains possible.展开更多
We report the oscillating propagation of kink in a nondissipative Frenkel-Kontorova （FK） chain driven by external DC force, which is different from the usual propagation of localized modes with equal speed. When the...We report the oscillating propagation of kink in a nondissipative Frenkel-Kontorova （FK） chain driven by external DC force, which is different from the usual propagation of localized modes with equal speed. When the kink moves in the opposite direction of the external DC force, the kink will be accelerated and the potential of the FK chain in the external force field is transformed to be the kinetic energy of the kink. If the kink reaches the boundary of the FK chain, the kink will be bounced back and moves in the opposite direction, then the kink will be decelerated gradually and the kinetic energy of the kink ＆ transformed to be the potential of the FK chain in the external force field. If the speed of the kink reaches zero, the kink will move in the opposite direction again driven by the external DC force, and a new oscillating cycle begins. Simulation result demonstrates exactly the transformation between the kinetic energy of the kink and the potential of the FK chain in the external force field. The interesting energy exchange is induced by the special topology of kinks, and other localized modes, such as breathers and envelope solitons, have no the interesting phenomenon.展开更多
Micropropagation techniques were set up for walnut. Many plantlets were obtained by culturing node explants in MS medium,with 30 g/L sucrose, 7 g/L agar, and different concentrations of BA or Kin alone and different c...Micropropagation techniques were set up for walnut. Many plantlets were obtained by culturing node explants in MS medium,with 30 g/L sucrose, 7 g/L agar, and different concentrations of BA or Kin alone and different concentrations of BA ＋ NAA or BA ＋ Kin. BA at concentration （2 mg L-1 BA） gave the best results in percentage response and number of shoots/plant （100%, 2.84） respectively. While, Kin at 3 mg L-1 gave the highest average shoot length （2.81 cm）. However, MS medium supplemented with 2.5 mg L-1 ＋ 0.5 mg L-1 Kin gave the best results compared with all treatment shoot/explants and the highest number of leaves/explants （3.7, 8.2） respectively. While the highest length of shoot （4.7 cm） in MS medium supplemented with 3 mg L-1 Kin. and a high rooting percentage up to 60% at MS medium supplemented with 1 mg L-1 IBA （Indole-3-butyric acid） was obtained.展开更多
An efficient in vitro protocol for mass production of shoot of Dahlia was developed by using node explant, various carbon sources such as sucrose, glucose, fructose and galactose. Agar concentrations and various growt...An efficient in vitro protocol for mass production of shoot of Dahlia was developed by using node explant, various carbon sources such as sucrose, glucose, fructose and galactose. Agar concentrations and various growth regulators on in vitro shoot multiplication of Dahlia were studied in the present investigation. The nodal explant from the gardens grown plant were used as testing plant material to develop an efficient protocol for mass propagation of exotic Dahlia to enhance their production for growers and the local markets. This study determined the effect of different carbon sucrose concentrations and gelling agent on in vitro propagation of Dahlia, different carbon sources （sucrose, glucose, fructose and galactose） were investigated, each sugar was added individually to the MS culture medium at the concentrations of 15, 30 and 45 g·L^-1, respectively. Culture medium of each treatment was supplemented with 1,5 mg·L^-1 BA ＋ 1.5 mg·L^-1Kin ＋ 7,0 g·L^-1 agar. The highest number of shoots （7.00）, number of leaves （11.50）, number of node （6.75） and shoot length （8.24 cm） was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 30 g·L^-1 glucose. The least number of shoots （3.38）, number of leaves （5.00）, number of node （3.13） and the least shoot length （2.96 cm） was obtained on 45 g·L^-1 galactose and the least shoot length （2.29 cm） was observed on MS medium with free carbon sources. While the medium with 30 g·L^-1 glucose and 8 g·L^-1 agar gave the highest number of shoots （7.13）, number of leaves （10.75）, number of node （7.13） and shoot length （8.18 cm）. However, the least number of shoots （1.50）, number of leaves （1.88）, number of node （1.63） and the least shoot length （1.26 cm） was obtained with 30 g·L^-1 galactose and 12 g·L^-1 agar. Rooting was readily achieved upon transferring the microshoots onto MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg·L^-1 IBA, IAA and NAA and 30 g·L^-1 （w/v） different types of carbon sources. The percentage of rooting was less （71.88%） on MS medium containing IAA as compared with IBA or NAA. While the medium having 30 g·L^-1 glucose with 0.1 IBA or NAA mg·L^-1, give the highest percentage of root （100%）, and the highest number of root （3.88） and root length （3.56 cm） was obtained on MS medium containing 30 g·L^-1 glucose with 0.1 mg·L^-1 IBA. More than 98% of rooted plantlets were established in the greenhouse.展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of explants and hormone combinations on the callogenesis, calli growth and regeneration of local variety of radish （Beeralu Rabu）. As well as three explant types：...This study was conducted to investigate the effects of explants and hormone combinations on the callogenesis, calli growth and regeneration of local variety of radish （Beeralu Rabu）. As well as three explant types： hypocotyl, leaf and root, seven hormone combination based on Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium as 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D） with 0.1 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid （NAA） and without hormones （control） were employed. Then immerged calli were transferred to regenerate in MS with 0.1 mg/L NAA and 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mg/L benzyl adenine （BA）. Healthy regenerated shoots were introduced to MS medium with 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid （IBA） for rooting. After one month the callogenesis, diameter of fresh callus, shoots regeneration, number of regenerated shoots and roots were evaluated. Observations were made that, 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D with 0.1 mg/L NAA and hypocotyl explant of radish was the best showing significantly highest callus diameter （〉 2 cm）. Medium with 2.5 mg/L BA and 0.1 mg/L NAA was the best hormonal combination for the in vitro shoot regeneration （6.6 shoots/explant） while the highest number of roots were observed from MS medium with 0.25 mg/L.展开更多
As a bid to ease its mounting forex reserves, the State Administration for Foreign Exchange （SAFE） issued rules on August 20 allowing domestic Citizens to directly trade overseas securities. The state will first run...As a bid to ease its mounting forex reserves, the State Administration for Foreign Exchange （SAFE） issued rules on August 20 allowing domestic Citizens to directly trade overseas securities. The state will first run a trial in Hong Kong before opening up further markets to Chinese investors.展开更多
文摘The effect of NaCI and proline on somatic embryos formation and germination of date palm （Phoenix dactylifera L.） cv. Barhee was studied. Quarters of shoot tips were cultured on MS solid growth media supplied with different concentrations of salt （NaCI） （0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 3%, respectively） and proline （25, 50 and 75 mg L1） either individually or in combination. Results showed that the addition of NaC1 （starting at 1%） caused a significant increase in the cylindrical embryos formation time, while their lengths and fresh weights were decreased at salt concentrations （0.5% and 2%）. No significant effect was noticed on the formation time by using proline except at concentration of 25 mg L^-1 which caused an increase in their lengths and fresh weights. The interaction between all salt concentrations and proline （25 mg LL） caused a significant increase in the formation time as well as in their lengths and fresh weights. The addition of NaC1 to the media caused a significant effect on the germination time and a reduction on the percentages of somatic embryo germination starting at 2% and the following ones. A reduction in the lengths of radicals and the plumules of the formed embryos was noticed at 1.5% NaCI. Proline addition reduced the initial time and increased the germination percentages as well as the lengths of radicals and plumules. The interaction between salt and proline treatments caused a significant reduction in the initiation time and an increase in the germination percentages and lengths of radicals and plumules.
文摘Cherry regeneration via somatic embryogenesis is a powerful tool to breeding. In this way, the embryogenic capacity of Prunus incisa specie has been tested from leaves under different interactions of picloram concentrations and darkness exposures. Induction culture was achieved on MS medium supplemented with picloram concentrations at 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg.L1 and submitted to 10, 20, 30 and 40 days of darkness. The best rate of embryogenic leaves was obtained with the interaction of 30 days darkness exposure＊ 1 mg.L^-1 picloram. According to their age, leaves were differently reacted to somatic embryogenesis; indeed, the 2nd expanded leaf from the apex was the most embryogenic one. Concerning the effect of additional auxin to picloram （1 mg·L^-1）, IAA at 0.1 mg·L^-1 and IBA at 0.1 mg·L^-1 gave significantly higher induction rates than all other concentrations, but regenerating somatic embryos showed some teratological abnormalities probably due to seconda;y embryogenesis. At the opposite, NAA at 0.5 mg·L^-1 didn＇t improve embryogenic rate but affected positively embryo development. Furthermore, embryogenesis preferentially took place on the basal part of leaf. Satisfactory rates of somatic embryogenesis are obtained but further improvement remains possible.
基金supported by Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department under Grant No. 07B075Interactive Project Fund of Xiangtan University under Grant No. 061ND09Dr. Shangyou Zeng's Initial Scientific Research Fund of Xiangtan University
文摘We report the oscillating propagation of kink in a nondissipative Frenkel-Kontorova （FK） chain driven by external DC force, which is different from the usual propagation of localized modes with equal speed. When the kink moves in the opposite direction of the external DC force, the kink will be accelerated and the potential of the FK chain in the external force field is transformed to be the kinetic energy of the kink. If the kink reaches the boundary of the FK chain, the kink will be bounced back and moves in the opposite direction, then the kink will be decelerated gradually and the kinetic energy of the kink ＆ transformed to be the potential of the FK chain in the external force field. If the speed of the kink reaches zero, the kink will move in the opposite direction again driven by the external DC force, and a new oscillating cycle begins. Simulation result demonstrates exactly the transformation between the kinetic energy of the kink and the potential of the FK chain in the external force field. The interesting energy exchange is induced by the special topology of kinks, and other localized modes, such as breathers and envelope solitons, have no the interesting phenomenon.
文摘Micropropagation techniques were set up for walnut. Many plantlets were obtained by culturing node explants in MS medium,with 30 g/L sucrose, 7 g/L agar, and different concentrations of BA or Kin alone and different concentrations of BA ＋ NAA or BA ＋ Kin. BA at concentration （2 mg L-1 BA） gave the best results in percentage response and number of shoots/plant （100%, 2.84） respectively. While, Kin at 3 mg L-1 gave the highest average shoot length （2.81 cm）. However, MS medium supplemented with 2.5 mg L-1 ＋ 0.5 mg L-1 Kin gave the best results compared with all treatment shoot/explants and the highest number of leaves/explants （3.7, 8.2） respectively. While the highest length of shoot （4.7 cm） in MS medium supplemented with 3 mg L-1 Kin. and a high rooting percentage up to 60% at MS medium supplemented with 1 mg L-1 IBA （Indole-3-butyric acid） was obtained.
文摘An efficient in vitro protocol for mass production of shoot of Dahlia was developed by using node explant, various carbon sources such as sucrose, glucose, fructose and galactose. Agar concentrations and various growth regulators on in vitro shoot multiplication of Dahlia were studied in the present investigation. The nodal explant from the gardens grown plant were used as testing plant material to develop an efficient protocol for mass propagation of exotic Dahlia to enhance their production for growers and the local markets. This study determined the effect of different carbon sucrose concentrations and gelling agent on in vitro propagation of Dahlia, different carbon sources （sucrose, glucose, fructose and galactose） were investigated, each sugar was added individually to the MS culture medium at the concentrations of 15, 30 and 45 g·L^-1, respectively. Culture medium of each treatment was supplemented with 1,5 mg·L^-1 BA ＋ 1.5 mg·L^-1Kin ＋ 7,0 g·L^-1 agar. The highest number of shoots （7.00）, number of leaves （11.50）, number of node （6.75） and shoot length （8.24 cm） was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 30 g·L^-1 glucose. The least number of shoots （3.38）, number of leaves （5.00）, number of node （3.13） and the least shoot length （2.96 cm） was obtained on 45 g·L^-1 galactose and the least shoot length （2.29 cm） was observed on MS medium with free carbon sources. While the medium with 30 g·L^-1 glucose and 8 g·L^-1 agar gave the highest number of shoots （7.13）, number of leaves （10.75）, number of node （7.13） and shoot length （8.18 cm）. However, the least number of shoots （1.50）, number of leaves （1.88）, number of node （1.63） and the least shoot length （1.26 cm） was obtained with 30 g·L^-1 galactose and 12 g·L^-1 agar. Rooting was readily achieved upon transferring the microshoots onto MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg·L^-1 IBA, IAA and NAA and 30 g·L^-1 （w/v） different types of carbon sources. The percentage of rooting was less （71.88%） on MS medium containing IAA as compared with IBA or NAA. While the medium having 30 g·L^-1 glucose with 0.1 IBA or NAA mg·L^-1, give the highest percentage of root （100%）, and the highest number of root （3.88） and root length （3.56 cm） was obtained on MS medium containing 30 g·L^-1 glucose with 0.1 mg·L^-1 IBA. More than 98% of rooted plantlets were established in the greenhouse.
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the effects of explants and hormone combinations on the callogenesis, calli growth and regeneration of local variety of radish （Beeralu Rabu）. As well as three explant types： hypocotyl, leaf and root, seven hormone combination based on Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium as 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D） with 0.1 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid （NAA） and without hormones （control） were employed. Then immerged calli were transferred to regenerate in MS with 0.1 mg/L NAA and 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mg/L benzyl adenine （BA）. Healthy regenerated shoots were introduced to MS medium with 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid （IBA） for rooting. After one month the callogenesis, diameter of fresh callus, shoots regeneration, number of regenerated shoots and roots were evaluated. Observations were made that, 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D with 0.1 mg/L NAA and hypocotyl explant of radish was the best showing significantly highest callus diameter （〉 2 cm）. Medium with 2.5 mg/L BA and 0.1 mg/L NAA was the best hormonal combination for the in vitro shoot regeneration （6.6 shoots/explant） while the highest number of roots were observed from MS medium with 0.25 mg/L.
文摘As a bid to ease its mounting forex reserves, the State Administration for Foreign Exchange （SAFE） issued rules on August 20 allowing domestic Citizens to directly trade overseas securities. The state will first run a trial in Hong Kong before opening up further markets to Chinese investors.
