循环经济中外部性控制的保障制度研究

在循环经济的理论研究中,外部性控制问题是各国政府和管理当局的一项难点工作。其中,怎样实现对外部性控制的制度性保障机制更是必要的调控手段。本文试图从制度经济学的角度对外部性控制中的相关保障体系进行阐述,是对循环经济尤其是外部性控制中制度性保障体系方面的阐述和扩展,对循环经济中外部性控制的制度体系建设是有益的探索。

外部性控制中的奖惩手段

面对我国的环境和资源的压力,加大节能减排以及环境保护力度,完善能源节约资源和环保奖惩手段和机制也成为了政府工作的重点之一。本文就外部性控制奖惩的对象﹑手段﹑措施进行了系统的阐述和归纳,以便实现能源资源的节约和环境保护的长期目标。

基于灰色理论的外部性控制指标重要性分析

外部性控制指标的重要性决定着其控制指标的选取顺序和外部性控制的执行效率。通过选定3个外部性相关指标:污染控制质量、污染控制成本和按时完成率,设置4套可变因子,基于灰色关联理论建立模型并进行分析研究,得出的相对重要性的指标,预期为有效地奖惩企业控制污染的行为并为监督管理当局提供参考。

污染控制的外部性研究

外部性是各国进行环境治理中的瓶颈问题,关于外部性控制始终存在着市场和政府之间的两难抉择。本文首先明确了政府或是管理当局对污染外部性进行监督和控制是外部性控制的主要方式,其次研究了污染中外部性控制的短、中、长期的理论模型和相关的坐标图示,并通过对模型和图示进行的实证数据分析与应用,得出了污染外部性控制要从总体上分阶段对正负外部性有优先次序进行控制的结论。

内部控制审计有关问题探索

安然事件后,为了更好地保证财务报表的真实性,保护投资者的利益,内部控制审计应运而生,作为新生事物自然有许多问题需要探讨。首先厘定了内部控制审计与财务报表审计中的内部控制评审、内部控制咨询、内部控制评价之间的关系,认为实施内部控制审计是监管内部控制外部性的必然要求,根据美国近年来已有的一些做法和现代审计理论的要求,对我国实施内部控制审计亟待解决审计范围、审计目标、审计程序、审计成本等问题提出了自己的看法。

融资方式和企业治理

中国国企改革的核心是建立和形成有效的企业治理结构,而有效的企业治理的关键是企业所有权的最优安排。企业所有权安排包括主、客体两个方面,其中的企业所有权主体安排是指谁成为企业所有权的主体是有效率的。企业所有权的主体安排的效率性是由企业要素所有者的成本收益特征及其相对发展所决定的,而融资方式的发展及其多样化通过影响企业要素所有者的相对成本收益特征影响企业所有权安排及其效率。在对融资方式与企业治理的内在联系作出一般性描述的基础上,作者认为。

Fuzzy robust sliding mode control of a class of uncertain systems

Aiming at a class of systems under parameter perturbations and unknown external disturbances, a method of fuzzy robust sliding mode control was proposed. Firstly, an integral sliding mode surface containing state feedback item was designed based on robust H∞ control theory. The robust state feedback control was utilized to substitute for the equivalent control of the traditional sliding mode control. Thus the robustness of systems sliding mode motion was improved even the initial states were unknown. Furthermore, when the upper bound of disturbance was unknown, the switching control logic was difficult to design, and the drawbacks of chattering in sliding mode control should also be considered simultaneously. To solve the above-mentioned problems, the fuzzy nonlinear method was applied to approximate the switching control term. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the parameter adaptive law which could guarantee the system stability was devised. The proposed control strategy could reduce the system chattering effectively. And the control input would not switch sharply, which improved the practicality of the sliding mode controller. Finally, simulation was conducted on system with parameter perturbations and unknown external disturbances. The result shows that the proposed method could enhance the approaching motion performance effectively. The chattering phenomenon is weakened, and the system possesses stronger robustness against parameter perturbations and external disturbances.

Robust Consensus of Multi-Agent Systems with Uncertain Exogenous Disturbances

The objective of this paper is to investigate the consensus of the multi-agent systems w/th nonlinear coupling function and external disturbances. The disturbance includes two parts, one part is supposed to be generated by an exogenous system, which is not required to be neutrally stable as in the output regulation theory, the other part is the modeling uncertainty in the exogenous disturbance system. A novel composite disturbance observer based control （DOBC） and H∞ control scheme is presented so that the disturbance with the exogenous system can be estimated and compensated and the consensus of the multi-agent systems with fixed and switching graph can be reached by using Hoo control law. Simulations demonstrate the advantages of the proposed DOBC and H∞ control scheme.

Adaptive backstepping control for levitation system with load uncertainties and external disturbances

To explore the precise dynamic response of the levitation system with active controller, a maglev guide way-electromagnet-air spring-cabin coupled model is derived firstly. Based on the mathematical model, it shows that the inherent nonlinearity, inner coupling, misalignments between the sensors and actuators, load uncertainties and external disturbances are the main issues that should be solved in engineering. Under the assumptions that the loads and external disturbance are measurable, the backstepping module controller developed in this work can tackle the above problems effectively. In reality, the load is uncertain due to the additions of luggage and passengers, which will degrade the dynamic performance. A load estimation algorithm is introduced to track the actual load asymptotically and eliminate its influence by tuning the parameters of controller online. Furthermore,considering the external disturbances generated by crosswind, pulling motor and air springs, the extended state observer is employed to estimate and suppress the external disturbance. Finally, results of numerical simulations illustrating closed-loop performance are provided.

Robot motion control in mobile environment

With the problem of robot motion control in dynamic environment represented by mobile obstacles,working pieces and external mechanisms considered, a relevant control actions design procedure has been pro-posed to provide coordination of robot motions with respect to the moving external objects so that an extension ofrobot spatial motion techniques and active robotic strategies based on approaches of nonlinear control theory canbe achieved.