This paper introduces how Longyuan Power Group Company successfully carried out foreign debt financing for Jiangsu's power projects through its overseas financing window-Xiongya (Virgin) Co. Ltd. The entire proces...This paper introduces how Longyuan Power Group Company successfully carried out foreign debt financing for Jiangsu's power projects through its overseas financing window-Xiongya (Virgin) Co. Ltd. The entire process of raising funds is revealed with regard to employment of foreign debt financing, selection of funded projects, preparation of project and financing documents, credit rating, roadshow, line of credit, and financing experiences.展开更多
As one of the largest enterprises in China, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau. Sinopec （ZPEB） has become a medium-sized onshore oilfield with its exploration and development for more than thirty years. Its annu...As one of the largest enterprises in China, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau. Sinopec （ZPEB） has become a medium-sized onshore oilfield with its exploration and development for more than thirty years. Its annual output with crude oil of several milliontons and natnral gas of several billion cubicmeters has been kept for two decades.展开更多
Grounded in an analysis of the unique advantages of China-Russia relations, the paper argues that the two countries have established a high level of political trust and will continue to work in concert on all fronts. ...Grounded in an analysis of the unique advantages of China-Russia relations, the paper argues that the two countries have established a high level of political trust and will continue to work in concert on all fronts. It also looks back at how China entered into alliances throughout its history and the lessons it has learned from those experiences. It emphasizes that China does not deem the establishment of exclusive alliances or political blocs as a foreign policy option.展开更多
In recent years, university exchanges between China and Japan is more active, we can see that in the joint efforts of China and Japan, the scale of cooperation is expanding, understanding and friendship between the yo...In recent years, university exchanges between China and Japan is more active, we can see that in the joint efforts of China and Japan, the scale of cooperation is expanding, understanding and friendship between the young people are gradually deepened. The long- term stability of University conducted exchanges and cooperation in education with Japan is the concrete manifestation of China＇ s opening-up. Therefore, what＇ s the meaning of joint training of undergraduate education in universities？ This paper studies on ＂2 ＋ 2＂ program between our college and the west of the international University of Japan. We analysis the favorable and unfavorable factors in joint training programs, clarify the necessity and feasibility of acting joint training programs, and provide some reference for the development of our joint training program.展开更多
Pakistan has been suffering from a chronic deficit in the current account for many decades. Current account deficit strengthens the foreign currency against the home currency which makes imports of good and services m...Pakistan has been suffering from a chronic deficit in the current account for many decades. Current account deficit strengthens the foreign currency against the home currency which makes imports of good and services more expensive as compared to exports and causes devaluation of home currency. The main objective of this paper is to find out how the current account deficit is influenced by different economic factors. Our regression model’s estimated results indicate that the percentage change in the volume of imports, foreign direct investments and total consumption are positively correlated and, on the other hand, exports, workers remittance, growth in agriculture and manufacturing are negatively correlated with the current account balance of Pakistan during the observed period 1972-2001.展开更多
Vacuum insulation panels provide unprecedented possibilities for renovating the existing building stock in a manner that reduces the thermal losses through the building envelope. This study is focused on the implement...Vacuum insulation panels provide unprecedented possibilities for renovating the existing building stock in a manner that reduces the thermal losses through the building envelope. This study is focused on the implementation of VIPs （vacuum insulation panels） in energy retrofit projects with rendered outer walls. Particular emphasis is put on reducing the thermal bridges due to mechanical fasteners and at the joints of the panels. These are evaluated through a parametric study of the impact of the thermal conductivity of the joints of the panels and the adjacent insulation layer as well as the material of the fasteners. The study is carried out with 3D FEM （finite element method） simulations software. Furthermore, the moisture conditions in the construction are studied. The dynamic moisture behavior of a wall construction is modeled with a two dimensional FEM model. The long term effects of vapor diffusion are investigated in terms of accumulated moisture and the risk of condensation. The results illustrate that vacuum insulation on the outside of the wall construction does not pose a moisture problem to the construction. The simulations are based on a draft of a new technical solution for the refurbishment of a building that is typical for the great Swedish building program of the 1970s.展开更多
This paper, using multiple-Hubbert model, forecasts oil production trend of Iran with special focus on Iran＇s insufficient investment for developing recently discovered oilfields and overproduction from mature oilfie...This paper, using multiple-Hubbert model, forecasts oil production trend of Iran with special focus on Iran＇s insufficient investment for developing recently discovered oilfields and overproduction from mature oilfields. This is mostly due to Iran＇s political and technical limitations to carry out oil and gas projects. The trend of Iran＇s oil production has been forecasted based on a multi-cycle modified Hubbert. Three different scenarios have been assumed. In the first scenario, it is assumed that Iran does not have any limitations to carry out oil and gas projects and develop its oilfields. International sanctions and lack of foreign investment have been taken into account in the second scenario. Overproduction from currently producing mature oilfields and its effect on production trend is investigated in the third scenario. The most important parameter to forecast oil production trend is URR （ultimate recoverable resource）. URR of Iran has been estimated by parabolic fractal curve. Here, based on the plotted parabolic fractal curve for the oil fields, amount of URR of Iran has been calculated that is around 200 Gb. First scenario has two peaks while the second and third scenarios have three peaks. All of the scenarios have forecasted Iran＇s first peak in 1975 at annual production rate of 2 Gb/Year. Based on first scenario, Iran＇s second peak will occur in 2029 at 2.334 Gb/Year. Second scenario has forecasted Iran＇s second and third peaks in 2011 at 1.575 Gb/Year and in 2064 at 2.205 Gb/Year respectively, and third scenario＇s peaks have been estimated to occur in 2011 at 1.573 Gb/Year and in 2061 at 2.030 Gb/Year.展开更多
文摘This paper introduces how Longyuan Power Group Company successfully carried out foreign debt financing for Jiangsu's power projects through its overseas financing window-Xiongya (Virgin) Co. Ltd. The entire process of raising funds is revealed with regard to employment of foreign debt financing, selection of funded projects, preparation of project and financing documents, credit rating, roadshow, line of credit, and financing experiences.
文摘As one of the largest enterprises in China, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau. Sinopec （ZPEB） has become a medium-sized onshore oilfield with its exploration and development for more than thirty years. Its annual output with crude oil of several milliontons and natnral gas of several billion cubicmeters has been kept for two decades.
文摘Grounded in an analysis of the unique advantages of China-Russia relations, the paper argues that the two countries have established a high level of political trust and will continue to work in concert on all fronts. It also looks back at how China entered into alliances throughout its history and the lessons it has learned from those experiences. It emphasizes that China does not deem the establishment of exclusive alliances or political blocs as a foreign policy option.
基金Acknowledgement This research was financially supported by the Xi＇an Social Science Foundation of Year 2015 （Grant NO. 15WL07）
文摘In recent years, university exchanges between China and Japan is more active, we can see that in the joint efforts of China and Japan, the scale of cooperation is expanding, understanding and friendship between the young people are gradually deepened. The long- term stability of University conducted exchanges and cooperation in education with Japan is the concrete manifestation of China＇ s opening-up. Therefore, what＇ s the meaning of joint training of undergraduate education in universities？ This paper studies on ＂2 ＋ 2＂ program between our college and the west of the international University of Japan. We analysis the favorable and unfavorable factors in joint training programs, clarify the necessity and feasibility of acting joint training programs, and provide some reference for the development of our joint training program.
基金Sponsored by the National Center of Technology, Policy and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology.
文摘Pakistan has been suffering from a chronic deficit in the current account for many decades. Current account deficit strengthens the foreign currency against the home currency which makes imports of good and services more expensive as compared to exports and causes devaluation of home currency. The main objective of this paper is to find out how the current account deficit is influenced by different economic factors. Our regression model’s estimated results indicate that the percentage change in the volume of imports, foreign direct investments and total consumption are positively correlated and, on the other hand, exports, workers remittance, growth in agriculture and manufacturing are negatively correlated with the current account balance of Pakistan during the observed period 1972-2001.
文摘Vacuum insulation panels provide unprecedented possibilities for renovating the existing building stock in a manner that reduces the thermal losses through the building envelope. This study is focused on the implementation of VIPs （vacuum insulation panels） in energy retrofit projects with rendered outer walls. Particular emphasis is put on reducing the thermal bridges due to mechanical fasteners and at the joints of the panels. These are evaluated through a parametric study of the impact of the thermal conductivity of the joints of the panels and the adjacent insulation layer as well as the material of the fasteners. The study is carried out with 3D FEM （finite element method） simulations software. Furthermore, the moisture conditions in the construction are studied. The dynamic moisture behavior of a wall construction is modeled with a two dimensional FEM model. The long term effects of vapor diffusion are investigated in terms of accumulated moisture and the risk of condensation. The results illustrate that vacuum insulation on the outside of the wall construction does not pose a moisture problem to the construction. The simulations are based on a draft of a new technical solution for the refurbishment of a building that is typical for the great Swedish building program of the 1970s.
文摘This paper, using multiple-Hubbert model, forecasts oil production trend of Iran with special focus on Iran＇s insufficient investment for developing recently discovered oilfields and overproduction from mature oilfields. This is mostly due to Iran＇s political and technical limitations to carry out oil and gas projects. The trend of Iran＇s oil production has been forecasted based on a multi-cycle modified Hubbert. Three different scenarios have been assumed. In the first scenario, it is assumed that Iran does not have any limitations to carry out oil and gas projects and develop its oilfields. International sanctions and lack of foreign investment have been taken into account in the second scenario. Overproduction from currently producing mature oilfields and its effect on production trend is investigated in the third scenario. The most important parameter to forecast oil production trend is URR （ultimate recoverable resource）. URR of Iran has been estimated by parabolic fractal curve. Here, based on the plotted parabolic fractal curve for the oil fields, amount of URR of Iran has been calculated that is around 200 Gb. First scenario has two peaks while the second and third scenarios have three peaks. All of the scenarios have forecasted Iran＇s first peak in 1975 at annual production rate of 2 Gb/Year. Based on first scenario, Iran＇s second peak will occur in 2029 at 2.334 Gb/Year. Second scenario has forecasted Iran＇s second and third peaks in 2011 at 1.575 Gb/Year and in 2064 at 2.205 Gb/Year respectively, and third scenario＇s peaks have been estimated to occur in 2011 at 1.573 Gb/Year and in 2061 at 2.030 Gb/Year.
