In multiagent reinforcement learning, with different assumptions of the opponents’ policies, an agent adopts quite different learning rules, and gets different learning performances. We prove that, in multiagent doma...In multiagent reinforcement learning, with different assumptions of the opponents’ policies, an agent adopts quite different learning rules, and gets different learning performances. We prove that, in multiagent domains, convergence of the Q values is guaranteed only when an agent behaves optimally and its opponents’ strategies satisfy certain conditions, and an agent can get best learning performances when it adopts the same learning algorithm as that of its opponents.展开更多
The contemporary construction of Chinese international law discourse, on the one hand, ought to precisely, systematically and completely express and communicate fundamental principles, main regimes and substantial fea...The contemporary construction of Chinese international law discourse, on the one hand, ought to precisely, systematically and completely express and communicate fundamental principles, main regimes and substantial features of international law as well as core values, basic conceptions, key terms, mainstream theories or doctrines and representative views gradually established and developed in the study of international law; on the other hand, it should fully and in a timely way manifest China＇s creative contributions to international law and its discipline and discourse. The framework of contemporary Chinese international law discourse should take ＂building a harmonious world＂ as the guiding rationale; thoroughly cover the four basic dimensions of the international rule of law and Chinese foreign policy and its practice, namely domestic, multilateral, regional and bilateral; coincide with, follow and respect those rules, natural laws and tendencies such as fundamental rules governing international relations, globalization, multilateralism, regional integration and regionalism, the international community＇s obligations （or rights） and China＇s needs for peaceful development. It should orient its basic functions toward promoting the continuous development and wide application of contemporary international law as well as its teaching, study and dissemination, stimulating the progress of the rule of law in China, protecting Chinese interests, especially those core national interests, and strengthening China＇s international image and status as a responsible big country.展开更多
文摘In multiagent reinforcement learning, with different assumptions of the opponents’ policies, an agent adopts quite different learning rules, and gets different learning performances. We prove that, in multiagent domains, convergence of the Q values is guaranteed only when an agent behaves optimally and its opponents’ strategies satisfy certain conditions, and an agent can get best learning performances when it adopts the same learning algorithm as that of its opponents.
文摘The contemporary construction of Chinese international law discourse, on the one hand, ought to precisely, systematically and completely express and communicate fundamental principles, main regimes and substantial features of international law as well as core values, basic conceptions, key terms, mainstream theories or doctrines and representative views gradually established and developed in the study of international law; on the other hand, it should fully and in a timely way manifest China＇s creative contributions to international law and its discipline and discourse. The framework of contemporary Chinese international law discourse should take ＂building a harmonious world＂ as the guiding rationale; thoroughly cover the four basic dimensions of the international rule of law and Chinese foreign policy and its practice, namely domestic, multilateral, regional and bilateral; coincide with, follow and respect those rules, natural laws and tendencies such as fundamental rules governing international relations, globalization, multilateralism, regional integration and regionalism, the international community＇s obligations （or rights） and China＇s needs for peaceful development. It should orient its basic functions toward promoting the continuous development and wide application of contemporary international law as well as its teaching, study and dissemination, stimulating the progress of the rule of law in China, protecting Chinese interests, especially those core national interests, and strengthening China＇s international image and status as a responsible big country.
