十八世纪清代“多主制”与《宾礼》的关联与牴牾

针对以费正清为代表的用＂朝贡体制＂来解释＂中国的世界秩序＂之观念，何伟亚最近提出，清代的《宾礼》才反映了清廷处理对外关系的原则和方式，且体现了远更广阔的整合＂天下＂秩序的构想。但他又强调满清对其帝国的想象是一种＂以满清皇室为最高君主的多主制＂。本文以为，以蒙藏关系为基础的所谓＂多主制＂和＂宾礼＂适用的对象各不相同，其间固有关联，同时更有相当程度的Ｎ（０４２牾，不宜并论。

Optimal design method for force in vibration control of multi-body system with quick startup and brake

A kind of active vibration control method was presented through optimal design of driving load of multi-body system with quick startup and brake. Dynamical equation of multi-body system with quick startup and brake was built, and mathematical model of representing vibration control was also set up according to the moving process from startup to brake. Then optimization vibration control model of system driving load was founded by applying theory of optimization control, which takes rigid body moving variable of braking moment as the known condition, and vibration control equation of multi-body system with quick startup and brake was converted into boundary value problem of differential equation. The transient control algorithm of vibration was put forward, which is the analysis basis for the further research. Theoretical analysis and calculation of numerical examples show that the optimal design method for the multi-body system driving load can decrease the vibration of system with duplication.

Active vibration control of multibody system with quick startup and brake based on active damping

A kind of active vibration control method was presented based on active damping and optimization design for driving load of multibody system with quick startup and brake. Dynamical equation of multibody system with quick startup and brake and piezoelectric actuators intelligent structure was built. The optimum driving load was calculated by applying the presented method. The self-sensing and self-tuning closed-loop active vibration control in quick startup and brake process was realized. The control algorithm, using local velocity negative feedback, i.e. the output of a sensor only affects the output of the actuator collocated, can induce damping effectively to actively suppress the system vibration. Based on the optimization design for driving load of multibody system with quick startup and bake, the active damping of piezoelectric actuators intelligent structure was used to farther suppress the vibration of system. Theoretical analysis and calculation of numerical show that the proposed method makes the vibration of system decrease more than the optimal design method for driving load of multibody system.

后现代主义与中国研究:《怀柔远人》的史学启示

本文评价美国学者何伟亚（ＪａｍｅｓＬ．Ｈｅｖｉａ）的新著《怀柔远人：清代宾礼与１７９３年马戛尔尼使团》。首先简述此前中外学术界关于马戛尔尼使团的研究，其次介绍该书的篇章结构、主要内容、及其对既存诠释的挑战；并针对该书的两大核心观念“多主制”和“宾礼”之间的关联与疏离提出申论。在指出本书所提倡的新观察视角使一些我们过去相对忽视的面相值得进一步思考和探索之后，也对作者的后现代主义史学取向和方法进行评介。

FULMS algorithm based multi channel active vibration control of piezoelectric flexible beam

A multi-channel active vibration controller based on a filtered-u least mean square （FULMS） control algorithm is analyzed and implemented to solve the problem that the vibration feedback may affect the measuring of the reference signal of the filtered-x least mean square （FXLMS） algorithm in the field of active vibration control. By analyzing the multi-channel FULMS algorithm, the multi-channel controller structure diagram is given, while by analyzing multi-channel FXLMS algorithm and its algorithmic procedure, the control channel model identification strategy is given. This paper also provides an easy but practical way to configure the actuators based on the maximal modal force rule. Taking the configured piezoelectric beam as the research object, an active vibration control experimental platform is established to verify the effectiveness of the identification strategy as well as the FULMS control scheme. Simulation and actual control experiments are done after the model parameters are obtained. Both the simulation and actual experiment results show that the designed multi-channel vibration controller has a good control performance with low order model and rapid convergence.

Changing Aristotle＇s Mind and World： Critical Notes on McDowell＇s Aristotle

Aristotle＇s Nicomachean Ethics is central to John McDowell＇s classic Mind and World. In Lectures IV and V of that work, McDowell makes three claims concerning Aristotle＇s ethics： first, that Aristotle did not base his ethics on an externalist, naturalistic basis （including a theory of human nature）; second, that attempts to read him as an ethical naturalist are a modem anachronism, generated by the supposed need to ground all viable philosophical claims on claims analogous to the natural sciences; and third, that a suitably construed Aristotelian conception of ＂second nature＂ can form the basis of a viable contemporary philosophy of mind, world, and normativity. This paper challenges each of these three claims. Aristotle＇s ethics, we will claim alongside Terence Irwin, Bemard Williams, Philippa Foot, and many premodem commentators, is based in the kind of physics, metaphysics, and metaphysical biology that McDowell says it cannot be. Historically, we will argue that McDowell＇s argument that Aristotle＇s ethical reasoning is ＂autonomous＂ or ＂self-standing＂ is distinctly modem, citing evidence from the leading medieval commentators on the Nicomachean Ethics. The felt need to which McDowell responds, of reading Aristotle＇s ethical or political thought as wholly non-metaphysical, arises from out of the successes of the natural sciences in the modem world, which he agrees discredit the Aristotelian, teleological account of nature. In the final part of the paper, we propose that McDowell＇s account of normativity, rooted in the non-metaphysical ＂second nature＂ he reads into Aristotle, we will contend, is as it stands inescapably relativistic. On a different note, we need also to recognize, as McDowell does not, that this is a new Aristotle, one shaped by our requirements and space of reasons, not the mind and world of the Greek Philosopher himself.

A New Model Parameter Identification Technique for Magnetorheological Dampers

Magnetorheological （MR） Dampers offer rapid variation in damping properties, making them ideal in semi-active control of structures. They potentially offer highly reliable operation and can be viewed as fail safe, in that in the worst case, they become passive dampers. Perfect understanding of the response is necessary when implementing these in operation in conjunction with a control mechanism. There are many models used to predict the behavior of MR dampers. One of these is the Bouc-Wen model. It is extremely popular as it is numerically tractable, very versatile and can exhibit a wide range of hysteretic behavior. It is necessary to first identify the characteristic parameters of the model before response prediction is possible. However, characteristic parameters identification of the Bouc-Wen model needs an experimental base, which has its own limitations. The extraction of these characteristic parameters by trial and error and optimization techniques leaves significant difference between observed and simulated results. This paper deals with a new approach to extract characteristic parameters for the Bouc-Wen model.

Photoluminescence of the Beryllium Acceptor at the Centre of Quantum Wells

We report photoluminescence studies of internal transitions of shallow Be acceptors in bulk GaAs and a series of S-doped GaAs/ALAs multiple quantum well samples with well width ranging from 3 to 20nm. A series of Be S-doped GaAs/ AlAs multiple-quantum wells with the doping at the well center and a single epilayer of GaAs uniformly Be doped were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The photoluminescence spectra were measured at 4,20,40, 80, and 120K, respectively. A two-hole transition of the acceptor-bound exciton from the ground state, 1S3/2 （/8）, to the first-excited state, 2S3/2 （Г6） , has been clearly observed. A variational principle is presented to obtain the 2s-1s transition energies of quantum confined Be acceptors as a function of the well width under the single-band effective mass and envelop function approximations. It is found that the acceptor transition energy increases with decreasing quantum-well width, and the experimental results agree well with the theoretical calculation.

Human stochastic closed-loop behavior for master-slave teleoperation using multi-leap-motion sensor

abstracting human control strategy in controlling dynamically stable robots.J Intell Robot Syst,2009,55：39-54