This paper argues that models developed in 20th century management literature can offer a valuable perspective on the organization of the ancient Roman wine trade. Similar to modem business, Roman entrepreneurs tried ...This paper argues that models developed in 20th century management literature can offer a valuable perspective on the organization of the ancient Roman wine trade. Similar to modem business, Roman entrepreneurs tried to enhance efficiency by implementing a wide range of techniques according to goals and available resources. The famous Ansoff matrix is used to analyse these techniques in function of the markets supplied by Roman merchants and the product diversification they applied. This approach explains how Roman entrepreneurs tried to cope with the limitations of a volatile pre-industrial business world： only the combination of a large family of semi-dependent agents and elite capital allowed successful large-scale engagement in the wine trade.展开更多
Through an ethnographic study of the journal Friend Exchange that is part of the Health Prevention Project for Homosexuals in China's Mainland, this article explores the following two issues ： （ 1 ） Friend Exch...Through an ethnographic study of the journal Friend Exchange that is part of the Health Prevention Project for Homosexuals in China's Mainland, this article explores the following two issues ： （ 1 ） Friend Exchange is used as an example for studying the dynamic operation of alternative media by analysing its production and circulation with a vision of multiculturalist equality, （ 2 ） Friend Exchange is a media representation of the gay community, which can reflect the construction of the public sphere for the underprivileged in China. The examination of these two issues will help us critically review contemporary communication studies.展开更多
文摘This paper argues that models developed in 20th century management literature can offer a valuable perspective on the organization of the ancient Roman wine trade. Similar to modem business, Roman entrepreneurs tried to enhance efficiency by implementing a wide range of techniques according to goals and available resources. The famous Ansoff matrix is used to analyse these techniques in function of the markets supplied by Roman merchants and the product diversification they applied. This approach explains how Roman entrepreneurs tried to cope with the limitations of a volatile pre-industrial business world： only the combination of a large family of semi-dependent agents and elite capital allowed successful large-scale engagement in the wine trade.
文摘Through an ethnographic study of the journal Friend Exchange that is part of the Health Prevention Project for Homosexuals in China's Mainland, this article explores the following two issues ： （ 1 ） Friend Exchange is used as an example for studying the dynamic operation of alternative media by analysing its production and circulation with a vision of multiculturalist equality, （ 2 ） Friend Exchange is a media representation of the gay community, which can reflect the construction of the public sphere for the underprivileged in China. The examination of these two issues will help us critically review contemporary communication studies.
