Multilingualism and multiculturalism have become so characteristic of our times that it is hard to come by a literary work that is strictly monolingual. Languages in contact influence each other in various ways. One l...Multilingualism and multiculturalism have become so characteristic of our times that it is hard to come by a literary work that is strictly monolingual. Languages in contact influence each other in various ways. One language could be more influential than the other as a result of linguistic and non-linguistic factors. A language that is documented and enjoys a more privileged political, economic, cultural, or religious position is likely to be more influential than another language that lacks these qualities. Languages in contact often borrow words from each other though a language that is considered to be more prestigious than another is more likely to be the donor language less prestigious one. Loanwords are therefore common among languages in contact. Intercultural literary communication is mostly effected through translation. Due to Africa＇s colonial experience, literary translation practice in Africa often involves European languages, Arabic, and indigenous African languages. In Nigeria, the languages that have played significant roles in literary translation include English, French, German, Arabic, and indigenous Nigerian languages. Franz Kafka＇s Brief an den Vater which was written in German has been translated into English as Letter to His Father by Ernest Kaiser and Eithne Wilkins and into Igbo as Soro Okwu m maobu Leta （Ndi） Nna by Felicia Ibemesi. This paper sets out to study loanwords in the English and Igbo translations from a target reader＇s perspective展开更多
This paper argues that models developed in 20th century management literature can offer a valuable perspective on the organization of the ancient Roman wine trade. Similar to modem business, Roman entrepreneurs tried ...This paper argues that models developed in 20th century management literature can offer a valuable perspective on the organization of the ancient Roman wine trade. Similar to modem business, Roman entrepreneurs tried to enhance efficiency by implementing a wide range of techniques according to goals and available resources. The famous Ansoff matrix is used to analyse these techniques in function of the markets supplied by Roman merchants and the product diversification they applied. This approach explains how Roman entrepreneurs tried to cope with the limitations of a volatile pre-industrial business world： only the combination of a large family of semi-dependent agents and elite capital allowed successful large-scale engagement in the wine trade.展开更多
This study aims to raise policy suggestions to China＇ s openness in cultural industries by doing cross-country comparison. Due to the dual attributes of cultural industries, the openness of cultural industries has de...This study aims to raise policy suggestions to China＇ s openness in cultural industries by doing cross-country comparison. Due to the dual attributes of cultural industries, the openness of cultural industries has demonstrated special features globally. To promote the development of China＇ s cultural industries, the effort should be paid to transfer culture resources into cultural products, to distinguish the responsibility of government and market, to integrate the value chain, to diversify revenue sources and to foster open environment.展开更多
文摘Multilingualism and multiculturalism have become so characteristic of our times that it is hard to come by a literary work that is strictly monolingual. Languages in contact influence each other in various ways. One language could be more influential than the other as a result of linguistic and non-linguistic factors. A language that is documented and enjoys a more privileged political, economic, cultural, or religious position is likely to be more influential than another language that lacks these qualities. Languages in contact often borrow words from each other though a language that is considered to be more prestigious than another is more likely to be the donor language less prestigious one. Loanwords are therefore common among languages in contact. Intercultural literary communication is mostly effected through translation. Due to Africa＇s colonial experience, literary translation practice in Africa often involves European languages, Arabic, and indigenous African languages. In Nigeria, the languages that have played significant roles in literary translation include English, French, German, Arabic, and indigenous Nigerian languages. Franz Kafka＇s Brief an den Vater which was written in German has been translated into English as Letter to His Father by Ernest Kaiser and Eithne Wilkins and into Igbo as Soro Okwu m maobu Leta （Ndi） Nna by Felicia Ibemesi. This paper sets out to study loanwords in the English and Igbo translations from a target reader＇s perspective
文摘This paper argues that models developed in 20th century management literature can offer a valuable perspective on the organization of the ancient Roman wine trade. Similar to modem business, Roman entrepreneurs tried to enhance efficiency by implementing a wide range of techniques according to goals and available resources. The famous Ansoff matrix is used to analyse these techniques in function of the markets supplied by Roman merchants and the product diversification they applied. This approach explains how Roman entrepreneurs tried to cope with the limitations of a volatile pre-industrial business world： only the combination of a large family of semi-dependent agents and elite capital allowed successful large-scale engagement in the wine trade.
文摘This study aims to raise policy suggestions to China＇ s openness in cultural industries by doing cross-country comparison. Due to the dual attributes of cultural industries, the openness of cultural industries has demonstrated special features globally. To promote the development of China＇ s cultural industries, the effort should be paid to transfer culture resources into cultural products, to distinguish the responsibility of government and market, to integrate the value chain, to diversify revenue sources and to foster open environment.
