建立法律规范的冲突规范

随着立法数量的日渐增大，法律冲突问题日益突出。本文探讨了我国法律规范冲突的成因及表现形式，并提出了解决法律规范冲突的原则、方法及适用规则。

试论“一国两制”与区际法律冲突

一区际法律冲突是一国之内具有不同法律制度的各个地区之间的法律冲突。由于特定的历史因素或现实的原因,有些国家下属的行政区域也有立法权,这些区域各有自己的一套法律制度,彼此之间对同类问题的规定又有许多差别,因此就形成了一种多元法域(Plural LegalTerritory),存在各自相对独立的法律体系(Legal System),而这些多元法域的民事法律关系的主体又不可避免地要相互交往,结成各种跨区域的民事法律关系,由此而产生不同法域之间的民、商事法律冲突。这种法律上的矛盾,抵触状态,在国际私法意义上被称为“区际法律冲突”,(Interregional Conflict of Laws),也有的国家称之为“省际或州际法律冲突”(Interprovincial or Interstate Conflict of Laws)。它的性质属于一种国内的法律冲突(Internal Conflict of Laws)。例如,根据我国内地的法律,公民18岁为法定成年,具有法律行为能力和权力能力,而香港,台湾地区对自然人的成年年龄的规定却不一致,香港、台湾居民分别以21、20岁为成年。结婚年龄的规定也不尽相同,在香港,青年男女只要满16周岁即可结婚,在台湾男未满18岁,女未满16岁者不得结婚,而内地婚龄男为22周岁,女为20周岁。这样,在涉港台契约案件中,依我国内地法律规定的成年年龄,香港。

Using Path Analysis to Identify the Influence of Climatic Factors on Spring Peak Flow Dominated by Snowmelt in an Alpine Watershed

Spring snowmelt peak flow （SSPF） can cause serious damage. Precipitation as rainfall directly contributes to the SSPF and influences the characteristics of the SSPF, while temperature indirectly impacts the SSPF by shaping snowmelt rate and determining the soil frozen state which partitions snowmelt water into surface runoff and soil infiltration water in spring. It is necessary to identify the important and significant paths of climatic factors influencing the SSPF and provide estimates of the magnitude and significance of hypothesized causal connections between climatic factors and the SSPF. This study used path analysis with a selection of five factors - the antecedent precipitation index （API）, spring precipitation （SP）, winter precipitation as snowfall （WS）, 〈0℃ temperature accumulation in winter （[ATNI）, and average 〉0℃temperature accumulation in spring （AT） - to analyze their influences on the SSPF in the Kaidu River in Xinjiang, China. The results show that {ATN}, AT and WS have a significant correlation with the SSPF, while API and SP do not show a significant correlation. AT and WS directly influence the SSPF, while as the influence of[ATN] on SSPF is indirect through WS and AT. The indirect influence of [ATN[ on SSPF through WS accounts for 69% of the total influence of [ATN] on SSPF. Compared to the multiple linear regression method, path analysis provides additional valuable information, including influencing paths from independent variables to the dependent variable as well as direct and indirect impacts of external variables on the internal variable. This information can help improve the description of snow melt and spring runoff in hydrologic models as well as the planning and management of water resources.

Evaluation of Gold Geochemical Anomalies in the Liaodong Paleorift

89 Au geochemical anomalies are delineated by using 1/200000 regional geochemical exploration data. By researching regional geochemical characteristics and the relationship with the geological background, the author points out that： the main factors causing high background of Au geochemical anomalies are Gaixian and Dashiqiao formation of Liaohe group, intrusions of Mesozoic intermediate-acid intrusive rocks. The elements combination types of typical anomalies are determined by using factorial analysis,cluster analysis and other mathematical methods with the combination of elements association in typical anomalies：the composite anomaly of Baiyun gold deposits is Au-As-Sb, Maoling gold deposit is Au-As- Bi-Mo, Wulong gold deposits is Au-As-Bi-W, Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit is Au-As-Bi-Mo-Sb. By using multivariate statistical analysis method,62 ore-caused anomaly are preferred in 89 Au geochemical anomalies delineated. On this basis, the 62 anomalies are divided into 4 kinds of anomaly types reference to elements combination types of typical anomalies,the classification results of ore-caused anomalies are： 4 geochemical anomalies of Baiyun type,36 geochemical anomalies of Maoling type,11 geochemical anomalies of Wulong type, 11 geochemical anomalies of Xiaotongjapuzi type. According to the results, the prospecting direction is provided for the futme of gold exploration.